人教版必修一UNIT5.doc

人 教 版 必 修 一 UNIT 5、单元目标一、词汇过关1、重点单词拼写 1. We should pay more attention to the q_ as well as the quantity.2. He is always w_ to help anyone who is in t_.3. Whatever difficulty you meet, I hope you will never lose h_.4. Everything needs to be done according to a certain _(原则,原理)5. People in Iraq are dreaming of living a p_ life, that is they hope to live in p_.6. The thief was caught and was s_ in p_ for 3 years.7. During the p_ when I was in my university, I studied l_ myself and became a l_ after graduation.8. The final examination is coming. Our teacher a_ us to go over our lessons carefully.9. If it c_ to rain for some days, the crops would be destroyed.10. If he gets that _(职位），I think he can do it well.11. He received a sum of money, but he didnt want to a_it.12. They dont want to solve the problem with v_. Instead, they hope to solve it in a peaceful way.13. In some countries, especially in some poor countries, women are not really e_ to men.14. If you feel cold while sleeping, you can add a b_ on your quilt.15. As a well-e_ person, its hard for us to imagine that she treat the boy with such _(残忍).Keys:1) quality 2) willing, trouble 3) heart 4) principle 5) peaceful, peace6) sentenced, prison 7) period, law, lawyer 8) advises 9) continued10) position 11) accept 12) violence 13) equal 14) blanket 15) educated, cruelty2、重点词词形变换 1) The pupils got to know that Liu Hulan was a _ and died _and they were moved by her _ deeds. (hero)2) They were so _ that they cut the man into pieces _. We all felt sure that they would be punished by their _. (cruel)3) He is really a man with many _, but do you think you are _ enough to do the work? (quality)4) Let him do what he _. He is not _to do that if it is against his _. (will)5) _ pay for _ work. Thats our rule. If we cant treat every client _, we will break the _ in our company. (equal)6) We all enjoy the _ of the countryside, for we can live with the nature _ and live a _ life there. (peace)7) You are not allowed to commit any _, or you will become a _ and be sentenced to prison for the _ act. (crime)8) The big waves beat the coast _. The wind blew with great _ , which caused a _storm. (violence)9) If this proposal is _ to you, you must _ it. In this way the proposal will meet with general _. (accept)10) She is always having the _ of snakes. She finds it _ to come across a snake, which will _ her very much. (terror)Keys:1) heroine; heroicly; heroic 2) cruel; cruelly; cruelty3) qualities; qualified 4) will; willing; will5) equal; equal; equally; equality 6) peace; peacefully; peaceful7) crime; crimal; crimal 8) violently; violence; violent9) acceptable; accept; acceptance 10) terror; terrible; terrify二、短语习得1、短语积累1) put into prison2)in fact, as a matter of fact, 3) fight against4) come to power5) break the law6) without pay7) lose heart8) be active in9) be willing to do something10) be out of work11) be stopped from doing something12) answer violence with violence13) show somebody over some place14) be in good health15) blow up16) ask for17) be in trouble18) die for19) advise somebody to do something20) in reward for21) set up 22) be sentenced to2、从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中： 1) Whatever great difficulty we meet, well never _.2) If you cant finish the work on time, youll be _.3) Your parents are _ you: do make a phone call to them.4) She has been _for a year and is looking forward to being in work again.5) People expect to _ pollution and live in a pleasant environment.6) - I thought you wouldnt mind. - well, _ I dont; but you should have asked me first.7) Several people were killed and many were hurt when a bomb _ at the busy street.8) As soon as he arrived in Paris, he _ for the wrongs his family had done.9) As a Jew, Einstein was forced to leave his homeland after Hitler _.10) The government has _ a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.11) He _ death because of killing someone on purpose.12) The women workers should _the men in pay since they do the same work.Keys:1) lose heart 2)in trouble 3)worrying about 4)out of work 5)be free from 6) as a matter of fact 7)blew up 8)was put in prison 9)came to power 10)set up 11) was sentenced to 12)be equal to三、重点句型：1. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. (P34)拟人用法：时间、地点+see/eyewitness+事件。1949 eyewitnessed the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：我们学校是1993年成立的。 1993 saw the foundation of our school.在这个村庄曾经发生过一次灾难。 This village has ever seen a disaster.2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. (P34)Only+状语+部分倒装句Only in this way can we find the correct answer.即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：只有当你遭遇过这样的事情后你才会相信。Only after youve met with such a thing will you believe it.只有在这样的一个家庭你才有这样的好生活。 Only in such a family can you live such a happy life.四、目标解读1. Do you help others with their work if they ask you? (P33) help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 Would you please help me with my homework? 你能帮助我做作业吗？Please help me with my French. 请帮我学法语。 Can you help him with this work ? 你能帮助他完成这项工作吗？ Help的其它用法： 1）help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事。 Can you help me to learn English ? 你能帮助我学英语吗？ I cant help you to lift this stone. 我不能帮你搬这块石头。 2）help oneself （ to ）自用（食物等）；随便拿Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼。 Please help yourself to some pork. 请随便吃点肉。 3）help sb. into/ out of 搀扶某人进入 / 走出。 He helped the patient out of the hospital. 他搀扶病人走出了医院。 Can you help the patient into the hospital ? 你能搀扶病人进医院吗？ 4）help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。 When Im in trouble, he always helps me out with money. 每当我处境困难时，他总是用金钱帮助我渡过难关。 Please help me out with this problem. 请帮我解这道试题。 5）help to do sth. 有助于做某事。 This program helps to improve our English. 这个计划有助于我们提高英语成绩。 His speech helps to understand the policy. 他的演讲有助于理解这个政策。 6）help做不及物动词时常表示“有作用；有帮助” Have you try this way? Perhaps it will help. 你试过这个方法吗？或许回有用。常用短语：be of help to sb. 对某人有帮助cannot help (doing) 不禁, 忍不住, 不得不cannot help but 不能不, 不得不(I cannot help but be sorry. 我不能不感到遗憾。)cannot help oneself 情不自禁; 不能自制come to sb.s help 赶来帮助某人with the help of 在.帮助下2. Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble? (P33)lose heart 却表示“丧失信心”或“情绪低落”lose ones heart 是“爱上了”的意思，需要用介词to说明爱的对象Dont lose heart；make another try不要灰心，再试一回。 Jim lost his heart to the Persian cat at first sight. 吉姆一看见那波斯猫就喜欢得不得了。 After graduation he was sent to work in TibetNot long afterwards he lost his heart to the people there毕业之后他被派往西藏工作。不久他就爱上了那里的人。不用ones的情况： “掉磅” lose weight “增加体重 put on weight 或 gain weight “丢面子” lose face，“失去优势” lose ground。 要用ones的短语：“惊慌失措” lose ones head，“发火” lose ones temper，“迷路” lose ones way。3. He died for his ideas but his work was later used in the Bible. (P33) die for 为某事而牺牲He died heroically for national liberation 他为民族解放事业而英勇牺牲He would rather die for his belief. 他宁愿为他的信仰而死。 be dying for 很想 I am dying for a beer. 我真想喝杯啤酒。词汇辨析:die of: “因（患）而死”，后常接年老、疾病、情感、贫寒等内因的死。die from: “由于而死”，后常接灾祸、衰弱、负伤等外因。die in: 死于战争、自然灾害die by:死于暴力4. He fought for his country to be free from the UK. (P34) 1) 表示“自由的”、“自发的”、“独立自主的”等义，有比较等级的变化 (freer, freest)；表示“空闲的”、“空着的”、“免费的”等义，没有比较等级变化。如：She believes that women should be freer. 她相信妇女应该更自由些。He gets a free afternoon once a week. 他每周有一个下午空闲。Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗?2) be free to do sth 可以自由地做某事。如：You are free to go or to stay. 要走要留悉听尊便。Please feel free to ask questions. 有问题请随便问。3) be free构成的短语：be free with 对随便。如：be free of “免除”或“无的” 多用来指费用，如charge/cost/expensebe free from “免除”或“无的”，多用来指一些不好的东西，如pain/disease/fear/danger/error【即境活用】用of, from, with填空 Dont be too free _ your parents. 对你父母的态度不能太随便。 I am free _ debts now. 我现在没有债务了。 The old lady is never free _ pain. 老妇人一直在受苦。Keys: with of from4) 除用作形容词外，还可以用作动词 (意为：放走，解除)或副词 (意为：免费地)。如：I freed the bird from the cage. 我把笼子里的鸟放了出去。Children (are) admitted free. 儿童免费入场。注意:用作副词的 free 与 freely 不同。前者指“免费”，后者指“无限制地”、“自由地”。试比较。如：You can travel free with this special ticket. 你用这张特别的票可以免费旅行。You can travel freely to all parts of the country. 你可以自由地到这个国家的各地旅行。5. It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems. (P34)1)用作及物动词时，注意后接动名词 (不能直接跟不定式)或不定式的复合结构：正：He advised leaving early. 他建议早点出发。正：He advised us to leave early. 他建议我们早点出发。误：He advised to leave early. 注意: advise 后接不定式复合结构时的被动语态形式 (不要与上面第一个句型混为一谈)：He advised us to leave early. (主动式)We were advised to leave early. (被动式)2)其后若接 that 从句，通常要用虚拟语气 (shouldv. )：He advised that we (should) leave early. 他建议我们早点出发。We advised that he should leave early. 我们建议他早点出发。He advised that everyone should buy one. 他建议每人买一个。 3)相关短语advise sb. of把.报告通知某人advise with sb. on/about sth.同某人商量某事, 就某事请教某人 4)词形变化： advice advisable6. I was worried about whether I would be out of work. (P34)out of短语：out of accord with(与不一致；同不协调)out of action(失去作用，停止运动)out of all relation to(和毫无关系)out of balance(失去平衡)out of breath(上气不接下气)out of character(不相称，不适当)out of control(失去控制)out of date(过时)out of doubt(确定无疑)out of fashion(不合于时尚)out of gear(脱节，失调)out of harmony(不和谐)out of kindness(出于好意)out of necessity(出于必要)out of order(不整齐，次序颠倒)out of ones power(力所不及)out of place(不适当，不相称)out of question(毫无疑问)out of the question(不可能，成问题)out of shape(变形)out of step(失调，不同步)out of sympathy with(出于对的同情)out of touch with(与脱离接触)out of true(不诚实，不准确)out of work(失业)out of style(不合时宜)out of表示的意思很多，其用法也颇为复杂。灵活地、有规律地掌握其用法，对学好英语大有裨益，现将其用法归纳如下： 1)表示地点(从里向外) Fish can not live out of water 鱼离开了水就不能活。 This animal is not found out of certain areas in Africa 这种动物只在非洲某些地区有。(在非洲的某些地区之外，是没有这种动物的。) This plant is situated only five miles out of the city 那个工厂离市区仅五英里。 2)表示动作或运动的方向 As me pulled out of the garage，I saw the gun pointing against the car window 当我们把车开出车库时，我看见那支枪顶住了车窗玻璃。 They walked out of the supermarket 他们走出了超级市场。 3)表示部分关系 This will happen in nine cases out of ten 这种情况十之八九会发生。 This is but one instance out of many 那只不过是许多例子中的一个而已。 4)表示“在范围以外”，“越出界限之外” The ship is out of sight 船已看不见了。 They sang out of tune 他们唱得来了调。 This plan is out of the ordinary 这是一个非凡的计划。 5)表示“出于动机”，“由于原因” The traffic accident was out of carelessness in driving 这起交通事故是由于粗心驾驶所致。 The treatment of the topic is out of necessity much condensed 由于需要，关于这个问题的阐述已大加压缩 6)表示竭尽和缺乏 We are out of tea 我们的茶叶用完了。 This book is out of print 这本书绝版了。 That novel is out of stock 那本小说脱销了。 7)表示材料或来源 He made the box out of old planks 他用旧木板做了箱子。 This paragraph is out of Marxs works in the original 这一段引自马克思原著。 8)与某些动词连用，表示“放弃”；“丧失” He talked his wife out of buying a new bicycle 他说服他的妻子不要买新自行车。 I couldnt persuade him out of the resolution 我没能说服他改变决心。7. We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (P34) reach=come to 表示“到达某个阶段”reach/come to a conclusion/an agreement/a decisioon/an end/8. As a matter of fact, I dont like violence. (P34)“事实上”短语归纳in (actual) factFor eight years she was in fact spying for the enemy.八年来它实际上一直为敌人作间谍工作。as a matter of factIm going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact.说实话，明天我要去那里。actuallyActually, I am busy at the moment-can I phone you back?说是在的，我现在正忙着-我给你回电话行吗？in truthIt was in truth a miracle.这确实是个奇迹。、构词法知识：-y: 形容词后缀，加在名词之后，表示1.“充满的” 2. “有倾向的” 常见例词：bloody 流血的, dirty 脏的, dusty 满是灰尘的, healthy 健康的, juicy 多汁的, muddy 泥泞的, lucky 幸运的, funny 滑稽的, shabby 破旧的, snowy 多雪的, thirsty 渴的, windy 多风的, sunny 阳光充足的, rainy 多雨的, cloudy 多云的, misty 多雾的, stormy 多风暴的, foggy 多雾的, icy 冰冻的, noisy 喧闹的, hilly 多山丘的, starry 布满星星的, salty 有咸味的 、写作训练 、能力培养一、词义辨析练习 1. 用die from/die of/die in/die by的适当形式填空1) He _ a chest wound.（胸部受伤）2) The baby _ a fever.这个婴儿因发烧而死。 3) Many peole _ the storm last night. 4) Liu Hulan _ the sword of the enemy. Keys: 1) died from 2) died of 3) died in 4) died by 2. 用remain/stay的适当形式填空 1) The door _ closed. 2) You may have all that_. 3) He said to the person in the water that he could_ in the water for 2 hours. 4) He asked the person in the cold water how long he could _in the water. Keys: 1) remained 2) remains 3) stay 4) remainremain和stay两个词都可以用作系动词，后接形容词，意为（继续）保持某一状态。不同点：1) remain用作系动词，其后接不定式或分词等时，不可换用stay.Much work remains to be done.还有很多工作要做。2) remain还可用作不及物动词，意为剩下，遗留的意思，这时也不可用stay代替。After the terrible earthquake in 1976, very few buildings remained in the city of Tangshan.1976年唐山大地震后，这座城市的建筑所剩无几。 3) 二者还可用作不及物动词，意为呆在原地，这时stay通常表示一般用法，而remain通常暗示原来在某地，继续呆在某地。二、根据课文内容，用适当的词或短语填空。When I was twelve years old, I went to Mandela, a black lawyer at that time, for advice. He often offered _1_ for the poor black people. I was not born in Johannesburg, I was not allowed to work in the gold mine, so I was afraid that I would be _2_. Mandela helped me to get the correct _3_ so I could stay in Johannesburg. With his help, I became _4_ about my future. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I _5_ it s soon as I could. In those days a great number of laws were passed to stop _6_ and progress. We chose to attack the laws. First we broke the laws in a _7_ way. But when this was not allowed, we decided to answer _8_ with violence. In fact I do not like violence, but in 1963 I helped him _9_ some government building. Though it was dangerous, I was glad to help because it would help to achieve our dream of making black and white people_10_.Keys:1. guidance 2. out of work 3. papers 4. more hopeful 5. joined6. our rights 7. peaceful 8. violence 9. blow up 10. equal三、课文语法填空You cannot imagine _1_ the sound of the name of Roben Island made us afraid. It was a prison _2_ which no one escaped. There I spent _3_(hard) time of my life. But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and in one way it helped me. For Mr Mandela began a school for those of us _4_ had studied very little. He taught us _5_ the lunch breaks and the evenings when we _6_ have been asleep. We read books under our blankets and used everything we could find to make candles to see the _7_. I became a good student and wanted to study for my _8_ but I was not allowed to do that. I knew I was clever enough because Mr Mandela allowed the _9_(prison) guards to join us. He said they should not be stopped _10_(study) for their degrees. As they were not cleverer than me, but did pass their exams, I knew I could get a degree too. That made me feel good about myself.Keys:1. how 2. from 3. the hardest 4. who 5. during6. should 7. words 8. degree 9. prison 10. studying四、完形填空Only once a year, on his birthday, did Charlie Bucket ever get to taste a bit of chocolate（巧克力糖）. The whole family saved up their money for that _1_ occasion（时刻）, and when the great day arrived, Charles was always _2_ with one small chocolate bar（条）to eat _3_. And each time he _4_ it, on those wonderful birthday mornings, he would place it carefuly in a small wooden box that he _5_, and treasure it as though it were a bar of solid gold; and _6_ the next few days, he would allow himself only to look at it, but never to _7_ it. Then at last, when he could stand it no longer, he would peel（剥）back a tiny bit of the paper wrapping at one corner to _8_ a tiny bit of chocolate, and then he would take a tiny nibble（轻咬）just enough to allow the lovely sweet taste to _9_ out slowly over his tongue. Then next day, he would take another tiny nibble, and so on, and so on. And in this way, Charlie would make his six-penny bar of birthday chocolate _10_ him for more than a month.1. A. special B. common C. excited D. shabby2. A. presented B. given C. offered D. gained3. A. slowly B. carefully C. alone D. hurriedly4. A. bought B. received C. ate D. hid5. A. belonged B. imagined C. rejected D. owned6. A. for B. on C. beyond D. after7.A. taste B. think C. eat D. touch8.A. show B. separate C. expose D. taste9.A. stick B. spread C. search D. speak10. A. remain B. last C. keep D. trouble答案简析：1、选A。B、D不合文意，首先可予排除，C不能概全，实际上这时什么心情都有。从后一分句中的great day中可推知，这是一个“不同寻常”的时刻。2、选A。从词汇搭配看，另三词不能与with连用。3、选C。根据下文可知是给他“独自”吃。4、选B。与上一句的present（给予）相对应。5、选D。belong不及物，不能接宾语，imagine和reject不合文意，这三项不能选用。6、选A。“在接下来的几天时间里”可以用during或for。7、选D。与look at 形成对比。8、选C。expose“使露出”。另show与separate不合文意，taste是下一步才有的动作，故这三项应予排除。9、选B。spread out扩散开，合乎文意。而stick out（伸出）。search out （寻找，找到），speak out（说出）明显不合句意。10、选B。last在此意为“够之用”。余者不合文意。五、阅读理解与读写任务：