考研英语基础班英语水平测试.doc

淮 海 工 学 院考研英语基础班英语水平测试（1）Part I Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) （25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel _1_ about it after-ward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. Were _2_ withhealth and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity (肥胖). Perhaps the_3_ to this ambivalence (矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to thiscontinent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop (经济作物) wasn t eaten but smoked. Then there was prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually .encouraging more _4_ ways of doing it. The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what real Americans eat, but our nation s food has come to be _5_ by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles. Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nationsdefining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. Itis integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political _6_. But strong opinions have not brought _7_ Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become _8_ of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain. The _9_ in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage (束缚). Its what we eatand how we _10_ it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.A) answer F) defined K) suspiciousB) result G) vanish L) certaintyC) share H) adapted M) obsessedD) guilty I) creative N) identifyE) constant J) belief O) idealsSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Americans used to stand tall as the people with the highest average height in the world. However, since the middle of this century, several Scandinavian (斯堪的纳维亚的) countries have moved ahead and now have taller citizens on average than the United States. “One of the keys to understand why America is falling behind other countries in terms of stature has to do with access to health care, particularly for children,” said Richard Steckel, a professor of economics and anthropology at Ohio state university. “I suspect there are pockets of poverty in the United States where the lack of medical programs and nutritional programs may be factors in poor health, and the reason some peoplearent growing as tall as they might. I think the countries that have surpassed the United States have done well in reaching nearly everyone with complete health and nutrition services.” said Steckel. The success of the Scandinavian countries in health care shows up in many measures, not just height, such as mortality rates (死亡率) and life expectancy (寿命). Immigration to the United States of people with shorter average heightssuch as Asiancan t explain why other countries have moved ahead in average height, according to Steckel. “In the past half century, the change in ethnic (种族的) composition hasn t been enough to make a significant difference in the country s average height. Steckel said he first began investigating height as an alternative way to measure the standard of livinga traditional area of research for economists. Research has shown that average height is significantly associated with a countrys per capita (人均) income. But studying height has some advantages, Steckel said. For example .researchers have records of average height that go further back in history than do records of national income. Height also tells a slightly different story about the standard of living because it measures consumption of basic necessities, rather than output. Moreover, because growth occurs mostly in childhood, it allows researchers to look at how resources are allocated within families. Studying height captures some things about the standard of living that income leavesout, Steckel said, Economists need to take a multiple approach to studying the standard ofliving.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。1. The reason that the average height of Americans is falling behind that of several Scandinavian countries is that _. A) Americans generally receive poorer medical care than those people in the Scandinavian countries B) some Americans have inadequate access to medical care and nutrition C) the living standards in those Scandinavian countries have greatly improved D) the living standard in America has declined with shorter average2. Immigration to the United States by people with shorter average height is no reason for the decline in the average height in America because _. A) Asians came to the United States only in recent years B) Asians are taller than immigrants from other areas C) the immigration by people with shorter average height is not large enough D) immigrants of other ethnicities usually have good access to medical care and nutrition3. Using income to study the standard of living fails to capture all of the followings EXCEPT_A) the living standards of people who lived further back in history B) consumption of basic necessities C) how resources are allocated within families D) production of basic necessities4. What is implied in the last paragraph? A) Studying income reveals nothing about the standard of living. B) Height and income combined reveal more about the standard of living. C) The standard of living cannot be truly measured. D) Economists do not agree on what the standard of living means.5. Which of the following best describes the authors attitude towards measuring the standard of living by studying height? A) Approving. B) Indifferent. C) Objective. D) Humorous. Passage Two People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracyone plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silver-ware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded (使隐居) on a desert island at birth and returned seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment. Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive (认知的) psychologists had illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed (哄)into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the basics of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers is itself far from innate.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。1. What does the passage mainly discuss? A) Trends in teaching mathematics to children. B) The use of mathematics in child psychology. C) The development of mathematical ability in children.D) The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn.2. It can be inferred from the passage that children normally learn simple counting _. A) soon after they learn to talk B) by looking at the clock C) when they begin to be mathematically mature D) after they reach second grade in school3. The word illuminated in line 10 is closest in meaning to _. A) illustrated B) accepted C) clarified D) lighted4. According to the passage, when small children were asked to count a pile of red and blue pencils they _. A) counted the number of pencils of each color B) guessed at the total number of pencils C) counted only the pencils of their favorite color D) subtracted the number of red pencils from the number of blue pencils5. With which of the following statements would the author be LEAST likely to agree? A) Children naturally and easily learn mathematics. B) Children learn to add before they learn to subtract. C) Most people follow the same pattern of mathematical development. D) Mathematical development is subtle and gradual.Part II Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. Its the one _1_ the teacher standing in the schoolroom door _2_ goodbye to students for the summer and calling _3_ them, “By the way, we won World War II. The problem with the joke, of course, is that its _4_ funny. The recent surveys on _5_ illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb (令人震惊) : nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even _6_ which countries the United States _7_ against in that war. One third have no _8_ when the Declaration of Independence was _9_. One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly _10_ the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. _11_ when they get the answers right, some are _12_ guessing.Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be _133_ connected to loss of international _14_. But it does affect our future _15_ a democratic nation and as individuals._16_ news is that there is growing agreement _17_ what is wrong with the _18_ of history and what needs to be _19_ to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性的) _20_ yet to be felt in most classrooms.1. A) about B) in C) for D) by2. A) shaking B) waving C) nodding D) speaking3. A) in B) after C) for D) up4. A) rarely B) so C) too D) not5. A) historical B) educational C) cultural D) political6. A) distinguish B) acknowledge C) identify D ) convey7.