艾森豪威尔在诺曼底的三篇演讲稿分析.docVIP

艾森豪威尔在诺曼底的三篇演讲稿1、 Order of the Day 反攻动员令Soldiers, sailors, and airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force （联合远征军，指参与诺曼底登陆行动的美英加法及自由欧洲联军）, you are about to embark（双关，这个词既有上飞机和上船的意思也有开始的意思） upon the great crusade towards which we have striven（力求，因为为了此次行动，联军进行了大量的前期工作，直接相关 霸王行动the Overlord Action 的准备就持续数月） these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you, the hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave allies and brothers in arms on other fronts（此处指前线的意思，因为这是反法西斯战争的一部分，实际上还有其它多个战场）, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine. The elimination（消除，消灭） of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed people of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped, and battle hardened. He will fight savagely.But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs（凯旋，胜利，纳粹在1940-41年间在欧洲迅速扩张，并占领了法国诺曼底登陆的发生地） of 1940-41. The united nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats in open battle, men-to-men. Our air offensive（此处为名词，即攻势的意思） have seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our home fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and ammunitions（原意为军需品，这种用法在现在英语中已经被废除，而专指弹药，但如此解释则与之前提到的武器弹药的准备重复了） of war and placed at our disposal, great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! the free men of the world are marching together to victory!I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full victory!Good luck and let us all beseech（祈求） the blessing of almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking. 各位联合远征军的海陆空战士们：你们马上就要踏上征程去进行一场伟大的圣战，为此我们已精心准备了数月。全世界的目光都注视着你们，各地热爱和平的人们的期望与祈祷伴随着你们。 你们将与其他战线上的英勇盟军及兄弟一起并肩战斗，摧毁德国的战争机器。推翻压在欧洲人民身上的纳粹暴政，保卫我们在一个自由世界的安全。这是一个艰巨的任务。你们的敌人训练有素，装备精良，久经沙场。他们肯定会负隅顽抗。但是现在是1944年。与纳粹1940、41年连连取胜时大不相同。联合国在正面战场予以德军迎头痛击空军削弱了德军的空中力量和陆上战斗能力；后方弹药充足、武器精良、部署得当、后备力量丰富。潮流已经逆转，全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利迈进。我对你们的勇敢、责任心和作战技巧充满了信心，我们迎接的只会是彻底的胜利！祝你们好运，并让我们祈求万能的上帝祝福这伟大而崇高的事业获得成功。总体分析：艾森豪威尔的此次命令是经过多种方式传达的，其中就包含在战前动员演说中，故该条命令可以被视为一次演讲。文稿中，艾森豪威尔对联军全体参战人员表达了充分的敬意与信心。他实事求是地分析了战争的形势，回顾了战争的艰难时刻，并以充分的理由论证了胜利的天平已经倒向己方。这些语句使联军将士意识到了特殊的历史使命感，并对战争的前景充满了希望。它起到了巨大的鼓舞士气的作用，帮助了作战的胜利。上面的文件影印本来自艾森豪威尔在战前签署的命令终稿。上面的文件影印本来自1944年6月6日联合远征军的印发命令原件。2、 Broadcast After Action 登陆胜利广播A landing was made this morning on the coast of France by troops of the Allied Expeditionary Force. This landing is part of the concerted United Nations plan for the liberation of Europe, made in conjunction（联合，诺曼底登陆旨在开辟除苏德战场之外的欧洲第二战场） with our great Russian allies. 今天早晨的时候，我们的联合远征军成功地在法国沿岸实施了登陆行动。此次行动是包括我们伟大的盟友苏联在内的多国解放欧洲的计划的一部分。I have this message for all of you. Although the initial assault（攻击，此次广播的目标包含了法国等欧洲西部地区） may not have been made in your own country, the hour of your liberation is approaching. 我向你们传达这样一条信息，即：尽管最初的攻击也许还未能完全解放你的祖国，但你们重新迎来自由的日子已经不远了。All patriots, men and women, young and old, have a part to play in the achievement of final victory. To members of resistance movements（抵抗运动，二战德国占领区中的人们在纳粹的统治下依然进行着不间断的抵抗侵略的活动）, I say, “Follow the instructions you have received.” To patriots who are not members of organized resistance groups, I say, “Continue your passive resistance, but do not needlessly endanger your lives until I give you the signal to rise and strike the enemy. The day will come when I shall need your united strength.” Until that day, I call on you for the hard task of discipline and restraint（磨练与克制，指希望抵抗组织不要焦急，应在等待时机成熟的过程中保持克制）. 全体爱国者们，无论男女老少，都对最终的胜利居功至伟。而对于抵抗运动的成员们，我想对你们说：“遵照你们得到的信息行动。”对于那些还未组织起来的爱国者们，我想对你们说：“继续积极地抗争，但不要用你们的生命去冒无意义的风险，直到我向你们发出起来打击敌人的命令。到那时，我们将需要您的力量加入我们。”而在那之前，我请求你们一项艰难的任务，即保持不断的训练与克制。Citizens of France! I am proud to have again under my command the gallant Forces of France. Fighting beside their Allies, they will play a worthy part in the liberation of their Homeland. 法国人民！我为能够领导英勇的法国军队感到骄傲。他们与盟友们并肩作战，并将在解放家乡的行动中扮演重要角色。Because the initial landing has been made on the soil of your country, I repeat to you with even greater emphasis my message to the peoples of other occupied countries in Western Europe. Follow the instructions of your leaders. A premature（不成熟的，此处仍在强调正确时机的重要性） uprising of all Frenchmen may prevent you from being of maximum help to your country in the critical hour. Be patient. Prepare! 我们在你们的国土上完成了最初的登陆，我向其它西欧被占领国家的国民们更加强调我的讯息。遵照你们的领导者行动，在时机不成熟的时候采取行动，会使你们错失帮助祖国的最佳时机。请耐心做好准备！As Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force, there is imposed on me the duty and responsibility of taking all measures necessary to the prosecution（执行） of the war. Prompt and willing obedience（遵照） to the orders that I shall issue is essential. 作为联军的最高指挥官，我有责任在战役的执行中贯彻一切必要的手段。遵照我必须施行的那些命令。Effective civil administration of France must be provided by Frenchmen. All persons must continue in their present duties unless otherwise instructed. Those who have made common cause with（敌人建立共同的主张，即通敌，背叛祖国） the enemy and so betrayed their country will be removed. As France is liberated from her oppressors, you yourselves will choose your representatives, and the government under which you wish to live. 法国的内务必须由法国人来打理。我们全体都要执行当前的任务，除非被赋予新的命令。那些与敌人站到一起而背叛自己祖国的人将被消灭。法国从压迫中解放，你们自己也要做出选择，决定你们要为哪个政府效力。In the course of this campaign（战役，这是指解放欧洲的战役） for the final defeat of the enemy you may sustain further loss and damage. Tragic though they may be, they are part of the price of victory. I assure you that I shall do all in my power to mitigate（减轻） your hardships. I know that I can count on your steadfastness now, no less than in the past. The heroic deeds of Frenchmen who have continued the struggle against the Nazis and their Vichy satellites, in France and throughout the French Empire, have been an example and an inspiration to all of us. 在解放并走向最终胜利的进程中，我们也许要遭受更多的损失与毁灭。虽然这些令人伤感，但也是胜利的一部分。我向你们保证我将尽我所能减轻你们的困境。我知道我现在需要你们坚定的支持，正如过去一样。在整个法国坚持与纳粹斗争的法国人民的英雄事迹为我们树立了榜样，并激励着我们全体。This landing is but the opening phase of the campaign in Western Europe. Great battles lie ahead. I call upon all who love freedom to stand with us. Keep your faith staunch（坚定的，忠实的） - our arms are resolute - together we shall achieve victory. 此次登陆作战仅仅是西欧解放的斗争的开始。大战在即，我呼唤全体热爱自由的人们与我们并肩而立，坚持你们对我们坚决的军队的坚定的新任，我们必将共同迎接胜利的到来。总体分析：艾森豪威尔的此次广播演讲作于1940年6月6日诺曼底登陆当天，在获悉前线胜利捷报传来的时候，通过广播，艾森豪威尔将这消息与对军队及抵抗者的期望传达到了欧洲。作为联军最高指挥官，艾森豪威尔并没有半点提到自己的功绩，而是在开首就对全体参战部队提出了热情的褒奖。即使是苏德战场上的同盟苏联也被多次提到，却从未提到过自己。接下来就提到了欧洲大陆的抵抗组织，艾森豪威尔并没有被胜利