语法盘点—倒装、强调、省略、插入语.docVIP

倒装句、强调句、省略句、插入语小盘点 2009-10-30一、倒装句型考点聚焦完全倒装1. 当表地点的here, there，表时间的now, then和表方位变化的副词up, down, in, out, off, away放在句首时。谓语动词常用come, go, lie, run等表位移的动词，该动词不用进行时。温馨提示代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。2. 当表地点的介词短语放在句首时。In front of the house stands a big tree.3. 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用完全倒装。若主语为代词，则不倒装。“Lets go,” said the man/he said.4. 在“There be”结构中，此结构中的be还可以用seem, appear, stand, lie, live, exist, remain等来代替。5. 在主系表结构中，把表语提前以示强调。结构为“表语（形容词/过去分词/介词短语）+系动词+主语”。1) Present at the meeting were 出席会议的有2) Gone are the days when的日子一去不复返了。3) Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.部分倒装1. 具有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装。常见的这类词或短语有not, little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, by no means, in no way, at no time, under no circumstances等。2. 用于no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not until句型中。1) Not until the teacher came did he finished his homework.2) No sooner has she gone out than the telephone rang.3. 当so, neither, nor表示前面的所说的情况也适用于后者放在句首时。肯定用so，否定用neither或nor。1) He hasnt finish his work, nor/neither have I.2) Tom can speak French. So can Jack.温馨提示当so引出的句子是对上文内容表示肯定或赞同时，不用倒装。若前面含有两种以上，如既有实义动词又有情态动词，或既有肯定也有否定的情况，则用It is the same with或So it is with1) It was very hot yesterday.So it was and so is it today.2) He came late for school, but he was not punished. So it was with me./ It is the same with me.4. 当only修饰状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）放在句首时。温馨提示当only强调主语时，不倒装。如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。1) Only then did I realize I was wrong.2) Only in this way can we master English.3) Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.5. so/suchthat句型中的so/such位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装。1) So frightened was he that he didnt dare to go out.2) Such a lovely girl is she that everyone likes her.6. 在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should时，可将if省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前，用部分倒装。1) Were I you, I would try again.2) Should it rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors.3) Had he followed my advice, he would have succeed.7. 用于“形容词/副词/名词/动词+as/though”引导的让步状语从句中。温馨提示如果表语是名词时，名词前不用任何冠词。1) Try as he would, he might fail again.2) Pretty as she is, she is not clever.3) Child as he is, he knows a lot.8. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。May you succeed!祝你成功！May you all be happy!祝大家幸福！二、强调句型考点聚焦1. 基本结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who2. 一般疑问句：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who3. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was it that4. notuntil的强调句型：It is/was not untilthat5. 如果要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does/did。1) He did write to you last week.2) Do be careful when crossing the street.6. 用on earth, in the world短语放在疑问词之后，进行强调。Where on earth/in the world did you go last night?7. 强调句型和几个相似句型的比较 It is/was +表语+that It is/was +过去分词+that It is/has been +时间段+since It was/will be +时间段+before It is/was +序数词+that It be +时间+when1) It is necessary that we master a foreign language.2) Its generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.3) It is two years since he joined the army.4) It wont be long before she recovers.5) It is the first time that I have been here.6) It was about noon when we got there.7) It was at about noon that we got there.三、省略考点聚焦1. 在从属连词if, unless, when, while, until/till, though, even though/if, as, as if, than等所引导的状语从句中，如果状语从句的谓语有be，同时主语与从句主语一致或是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。1) He picked up a wallet while walking in the street.2) Ill go to help you if necessary.3) We finished the task two days earlier than expected.特别提醒before和after引导时间状语从句时，通常不采用以上省略形式。如果从句主语和主句主语一致，可把before/after用作介词，后面跟动词或名词形式。1) He gradually recovered after being treated for a time. 2) You must finish your work first before going out to play.2. 省略一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（不可用it或that）。动词不定式的省略：在一定的语境中，在某些动词（want, wish, hope, like, love等）之后，为了避免重复，常只保留to，省略不定式结构中的其余部分。特别提醒如果是to be或to have done结构，则在进行省略时需在to之后保留be或have。3. 语境省略和语篇省略 语境省略：在对话中，交谈双方都知道所谈论的对象或内容，则可以依据情节进行必要的省略，被省略部分可根据语境补出。1) Lets go to the seaside this weekend._ a good idea.A. Sound B. Sounding C. Sounds D. Sounded2) Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm _we worked.A. that B. there C. which D. where 语篇省略：为避免重复，依靠上下文的省略现象；能在上下文中找到省略部分。Tom has gone home, but I dont know why ( he has gone home).四、插入语考点聚焦1. 单词插入语（多为副词）：indeed, surely, still, otherwise，certainly, however, generally, personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily, though, besides, exactly, perhaps, maybe, probably, frankly等。2. 短语插入语：in fact, in ones opinion, in general, in a word, in other words, of course, by the way, as a result, for example, on the contrary, on the other hand, to ones surprise, 3. 短语插入语：in fact, in ones opinion, in general, in a word, 4. in fact, in ones opinion, in general, in a word, in other words, of course, by the way, as a result, for example, on the contrary, on the other hand, to ones surprise, in short, as a matter of fact, in conclusion, in brief, or rather, most important of all, sure enough等。5. V-ing（短语）作插入语。常见的有：generally speaking, strictly speaking, judging from/ by, talking of, considering等。6. 不定式短语作插入语。常见的有：to be frank，to be honest，to be sure，to tell you the truth，to make matters worse，to sum up，to start with，to begin with等。7. 句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）作插入语。能用作插入语的句子有：I am sure, I believe, I think, I know, I suppose, I hope, Im afraid, you see, whats more, that is to say, believe it or not等。8. do you think等常可作为插入语用于特殊疑问句中。其句型为：疑问词+do you think+其他（正常语序）。常用于这种结构中的动词有think, guess, suggest, suppose, believe, imagine等。五、There be句型1. There be 句型中的常用动词。除了动词be之外，还可以用seem, appear, exist, stand, lie, rain, remain等动词2. There be句型中的主谓一致。主语和谓语be必须在数上一致。如果有两个以上的主语，谓语依最近的主语而定。3. There be +主语+非谓语（to do/doing/done）六、主谓一致考点聚焦（一）就近原则1. 在由or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut also, notbut连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数采用就近原则。2. There be结构中如果有两个和两个以上的主语时，采用就进原则。（二）语法一致原则1. 由and连接名词的情况1) 主语由and或bothand连接时，表示不同的人或事物，谓语动词用复数。2) and连接的两个名词表示同一人或物时，谓语用单数。The singer and actress _(be) coming here.3) and连接的两个名词表示同一概念时，谓语用单数。All work and no play _(make) Jack a dull boy.2. 主语中含有each, every等时的情况1) 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, many a修饰时，谓语用单数。Every woman and every man _(is) at work.2) 由each修饰的名词作主语时，谓语用单数；而each位于复数主语后作同位语时，谓语用复数。1) Each student _ (have) an English-Chinese dictionary.2) They each _(give) a present.3) every, either, neither, the other, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing等作主语时，谓语一般用单数。3. all作主语，如果all代替的是复数名词，谓语用复数形式；如果all代替的是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。4. none作可以表示可数名词，也可表示不可数名词，指可数名词时，谓语用单数、复数皆可，指不可数名词，谓语用单数。5. 主语后面有with, as well as, together with, along with, like, such as, rather than, except, but, besides, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的名词保持一致。6. 一些表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。例如：half of, most of, a lot of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of等。7. 专有名词作主语1) 国名、人名、报纸名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语，谓语用单数。2) 以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。3) 某些以-s结尾的学科名词、疾病名词、游戏名词作主语时，谓语一般用单数。8. 表示时间、距离、钱数、重量的名词作主语时，若代表总量或总和时，谓语一般用单数形式9. 一些由两个部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers, gloves, pants, shorts, jeans, glasses, scissors, shoes, compasses（圆规）等作主语时，谓语用复数。若带有单位词（如a pair of或two pairs of），则有单位词决定谓语的单复数形式。10. goods（货物）, surroundings（环境）savings（积蓄），belongs（所有物）等名词作主语时，谓语用复数。11. “the+形容词/分词”作主语时，如果指一类人，谓语用复数；如果指事物或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。1) The wounded _(be) taken good care of.2) The beautiful _(be) not always good.12. 有些集合名词，例如police, cattle, people, poultry（家禽）,folk（民众）,youth（青年）等形式上单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。13. 有些集合名词，如family, committee, class, crowd, crew, team, group, government, army, audience, enemy等作主语时，若作为一个整体，谓语用单数，若着眼于组成该集体的一个个成员或个体时，谓语动词用复数。14. population作主语时，通常看作单数，若其前由分数、百分数修饰时，则用复数形式。15. sheep, means, deer, work（工厂）,species（种类）等单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式须在具体的语境中决定。1) Every means _(have) been tried.2) All means _(have) been tried.16. kind, sort构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应与of前的名词的数保持一致。1) This kind of book _(be) very popular.2) Men of this kind _(be) hard to deal with.17. “one and a half+名词的复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。18. “more than one+名词单数”和“many a +名词单数”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语用单数。19. “one or two+名词复数”作主语时，谓语用复数。但“a/an+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语用单数。1) One or two soldiers _(have) been killed in the battle.2) A soldier or two _(have) been killed in the battle.20. 定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。但如果在“one of+先行词+定语从句”结构中，若one被the very, the only修饰时，定语从句的谓语用单数，没有则用复数。1) I, who _(be)your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.2) Mary is one of the students who _(be)late this morning.3) Mary is the only students who _(be) invited.21. what引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数，但若表语是复数，谓语动词用复数；when and where用单数；whenand where用复数。1) What I want to say _(refer) to all of you.2) What I bought _ three English books.3) When and where to hold the meeting _ not been decided.4) When he was born and where he grew up _ still unknown.22. the number of和a number of作主语的情况。23. such, the following起指示代词作用时，应根据所指内容来确定谓语的单复数。1) Such _his words.2) The following _a good example.七、语法错题回放1. Mary, _here everybody else, stay where you are . A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 2. We forget to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _? A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we 3. They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German.A. have B. did C. had D. do4. Please do me a favor _my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited 5. You and I could hardly work together, _? A. could you B. couldnt C. couldnt we D. could we 6. Either you or one of your students _to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be 7. Professor James will give us a lecture on the western culture , but when and where _yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D arent decided 8. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. A. is B. are C. was D. were 9. _by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet 10. It was announced that only when the fire was under control _to return to their homes. A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted 11. I dont mind her criticizing me, but _is how she does it that I object to . A. it B that C. this D. which 12. I reminded you not to forget the appointment. _. A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I 13. Your uncle seems to be a good driver; _, I wouldnt dare to travel in his car. A. even so B. even though C. therefore D. so 14. _is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. A. Such B. This C. That D. So 15. In the dark forests, _some large enough to hold several English towns.A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand16. For a moment nothing happened. Then _all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come 17. Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _.A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told18. Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _? A. hadnt you B. wouldnt you C. arent I D. didnt she 19. _a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. A. It has B. They have C It remains D. There remains 20. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. A. are B. is C. being D. to be 21. That was really a splendid evening . Its years _I enjoyed myself so much. A. when B. that C. before D. since 22. _that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business23. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, _she?A. had B. did C. hadnt D. didnt 24. _, Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C . She might as try D. Might she as try 25. _about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 26. Mary and I see each other_, but not as often as we used to . A. sooner or later B. once in a while C. in the end D. more or less 27. So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 28. Where did you get to know her ? It was on the farm _we worked. A. that B. there c. which C. where 29. Engines are to machines _hearts are to animals. A. as B. that C. what D. which 30. With more forests being destroyed , huge quantities of good earth _each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away 31. Unsatisfied _with the payment , he took the job just to get some work experience. A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though 32. Do you have any idea what Paul does all day ? As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he_. A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write 33. Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied 34. _and Ill get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour 35. _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 36. Never before _in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. A. has this city been B. this city has been .C. was this city D. this city was 37. Its beyond description .Nowhere else in the world _such a quiet ,beautiful placeA. can there be B. you can find. there can be. can find you38. Only by following this method _.A. we can study English well B. can we be able to study English well C. can we study English well D. study English well can we39. Not until _his sunglasses _him.A. he took off; did I recognize B. did he take off; I recognizedC. he took off; I recognized D. did he take off ;did I recognize40. It was not until dark _he found _he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. A. that ,what B. that ,that C. when ,what D. when ,that 41. She didnt have enough money_ a present for her husband .A. with which to buy B. with that she bought C. which she could buy D. with buying42. If_, some terrible diseases would spread in the stricken-areas after the terrible earthquake in Sichuan province.So people there in _need of medical teams.A. dont controlled ,short B. not controlling little C. not being controlled ,anxious D. not controlled ,desperate 43. _makes some people appear astonishingly youthful while others seems much older than their actual age?A. what it is B. what is it that C. what it is that D.why it is what 44. _seems to be a possibility that we shall be able to afford the car we need,A. it B. that C. there D. this45. Was it _you came to the count