江苏高考英语专题一语法知识第12讲介词与介词短语优选习题.docx

第12讲介词与介词短语1Chinas soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.(2018江苏，33)Ain line with Bin reply toCin return for Din honour of答案A解析句意为：中国的软实力在增长，这与中国在全球范围内得到越来越多的欣赏和理解是一致的。in line with意为“与一致”，符合语境。in reply to回复，答复；in return for作为对的回报；in honour of为了向表示尊敬。2Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went .(2018天津，11)Aat first Bafter allCabove all Dat random答案B解析句意为：鲍勃以为他不能去参加聚会了，因为他得写一份报告，但他最终还是去了。after all意为“毕竟，最终，终究”，符合语境，故选B。at first起初，最初；above all首先，最重要的是；at random任意地，漫无目的地。3Good morning，Mr Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.(2018北京，14)Afor BonCin Dat答案A解析“make an appointment for时间”表示“约某个时间见面或对某个时间做出预约安排”。本句中的make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon的意思是“约定下周三下午见面”。此题很容易误选B项，表示具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上时，前面的介词用on，但是B项表示“在某个时间做或者发生某件具体的事情”。句意为：早上好，这里是李先生的办公室。早上好。我想约下周三下午(和李先生)见个面。4Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏，32)Ain contrast to Bin defense ofCin face of Din relation to答案D解析句意为：通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置是我们生存的一项重要技能。结合句意可知，这里用in relation to“相对某事物而言”。in contrast to与相比；in defense of保卫，为辩护；in face of面对。5When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017天津，12)Aamong BagainstCbehind Dbelow答案A解析句意为：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。among在当中，为所围绕，符合语境。against以为背景，衬托；behind在后面；below在下面。6We offer an excellent education to our students. ，we expect students to work hard.(2017天津，13)AOn average BAt bestCIn return DAfter all答案C解析句意为：我们向学生提供优质的教育，同时也希望学生努力学习。in return作为报酬，作为回报，符合语境。on average平均来看；at best充其量，至多；after all毕竟，终究。7Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.(2017北京，35)Aat Bin Con Dby答案B解析句意为：很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。“在行业”用介词in。此题容易忽视fishing后的名词industry，以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选D项。8The dictionary is ：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津，2)Aout of control Bout of dateCout of sight Dout of reach答案B解析考查“out of名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时，符合语境。out of control失控；out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着。9Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around Thomas Edison.(2015江苏，34)Athanks to Bregardless ofCaside from Dbut for答案D解析句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。诊断报告考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1常见介词的用法3,5,72介词短语辨析1,2,4,6,8,9解题方法1汉语对照法在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。2固定短语法关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快被解决。如第7题。3利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。考点1语境词义辨析1The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016浙江，7)Aon Bin Cat Dabout答案B解析句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在的文化中，为固定搭配，故选B。2Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea？(2015浙江，3)Aabout BtoCwith Dover答案B解析句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。考点归纳常用介词如in，on，for，with，against，of，beyond，out of，across等含义较多，应全面掌握。(1)against有“违背，违逆；反对；对不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都反对。(2)beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为所不及”。常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control “无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/难以想象/不能相信/够不着/管不了”。To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.被选为第一位接受此殊荣的人，我实在无法用语言表达自己的感受。(3)by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以计；依据”讲。As far as I know，workers are generally paid by the month.据我所知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。(4)for有“就而言；从来看；达，计；为”之意。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。(5)off有“在离不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.威尔旅馆坐落于湖尽头的主干道附近一个非常安静的地方。(6)across有“横跨”之意。It can run across water for a distance of several meters，avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet.它可以在水面上跑数米的距离，通过用脚快速拍打水面避免弄湿全身。(7)on/upon有“刚就；一就”之意，后接名词或动词-ing形式。Upon hearing the funny story，everyone burst into laughter.一听到这个滑稽的故事，大家都哈哈大笑起来。(8)over可表示时间，意为“在期间；直到结束”。Im sorry I didnt phone you，but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.很抱歉我没有给您打电话，但是在过去的两周里我一直很忙。考点2介词短语辨析1That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. ，hes reliable.(2016浙江，6)AOr else BIn shortCBy the way DFor one thing答案B解析句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。or else否则，要不然；in short总之，简言之；by the way顺便说一下；for one thing一方面。 根据句意可知答案为B。2This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北，30)Ain advance Bin detailCin total Din general答案A解析句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。考点归纳1几组常见的介词短语(1)out of名词out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇(2)in名词 in power掌权；in good condition状态良好；in despair绝望地；in public/secret公开地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保养得好/不好；in charge负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙；in anger生气；in trouble有困难 (3)in名词介词in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念；in charge of负责；in terms of从角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；in view of鉴于；in return for作为对的回报；in response to对的答复或反应(4)under名词under control受控；under attack遭到攻击；under way在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consideration在讨论/考虑中 (5)at名词at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃饭；at ease轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗 (6)on名词on fire着火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打电话；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行(7)to ones情感名词to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是；to ones joy使某人高兴的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高兴的是2注意下列短语中介词的用法for nothing不花钱，免费come across the room穿过房间feel like doing sth.想要做某事get paid by the week按周获得报酬be particular about.对苛求、挑剔with satisfaction满意地be second to none不输于任何人；不比任何东西差on ones own独自地in great quantity大量地，大批量in great demand需求量很大take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展keep an eye on照看，照料with the help of在的帮助下under the leadership of在的领导下the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章a bird in the tree树上的鸟apples on the tree树上的苹果tickets for the concert音乐会的票in the direction of朝着的方向from the direction of从的方向set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样3下列短语中to 为介词belong to属于date back to追溯到look forward to盼望；期望be addicted to沉溺于be accustomed to习惯于be/get used to doing.习惯于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to坚持1The UK will play a huge role in the Belt and Road countries，not just trade and capital flows，but also people to people flows.Ain terms of Bin view ofCin favor of Din regard to答案A解析句意为：英国将会在“一带一路”项目中扮演非常重要的角色，不仅仅是在贸易和资金流动方面，也包括人文交流。in terms of在方面，就来说；in view of鉴于，考虑到；in favor of支持；in regard to关于。根据语境，故选A。2As Queen Elizabeth in her New Year Speech of 2018 puts it，for many，the idea of “home” reaches a physical building to a hometown，a city or a nation.Aagainst BwithCbeyond Dthrough答案C解析句意为：正如伊丽莎白女王在2018年新年演说中所说的，对很多人来说，“家”的概念超越了一个有形的建筑，它是一个城镇、一个城市或一个国家。故选C。3Bitcoin(比特币) is a digital currency used by terrorists and drug dealers，as well as major companies like Microsoft and O. ，everyone from private individuals who order pizza to terrorists who order weapons.AAmong other thingsBOn top of thatCMore often than notDIn other words答案D解析句意为：比特币是一种电子货币，除了微软和O等大公司使用外，恐怖分子和毒品交易上也使用比特币。换句话说，从订购比萨的个人到购买武器的恐怖分子都使用比特币。among other things除了其他方面；on top of that除此以外；more often than not通常；in other words换句话说。根据语境，故选D。4Congratulations on your girlfriends being offered the job.Thank you，but shes got it her greater perseverance.(2018南京高淳区、淮海中学、盐城中学、淳辉高中等97校联考，33)Ain terms of Bin response toCby virtue of Dwith respect to答案C解析句意为：祝贺你的女朋友找到了工作。谢谢，她是凭借更大的毅力得到的这份工作。in terms of根据；in response to响应；by virtue of由于，凭借；with respect to关于。根据句意选C。5Lisa has had to stop doing all the gardening recently， her back problem.Aon account of Bin response toCwith regard to Dby means of答案A解析句意为：丽萨最近不得不停止所有的园艺工作，因为她背部出了毛病。on account of由于；in response to回答，响应；with regard to关于；by means of 通过。根据语境可知是由于背疼。故选A。6Located the eastern coast of the sea，the village is fairly new only a small population of less than 3,000.Aon；with Boff；withCin；of Don；in答案A解析句意为：这个村子位于东海岸，很小，只有不到3 000的人口。第一空on表示“在，接近(某地)”，on the coast表示“滨海的，沿海的”；off表示“(时空上)离，距”，off the cast表示“近岸的”。第二空填with，with a small population of有很少的人口。故选A。7 the shortage of time，the chairman decided that each candidate should finish the speech within five minutes.AIn contrast to BIn response toCIn terms of DIn view of答案D解析句意为：由于时间紧，主席决定每个候选人都应该在五分钟内结束演讲。in contrast to与对比；in response to作为对的回应；in terms of就而言；in view of鉴于，考虑到。根据句意可知答案为D。8A good suitcase is essential for someone who is as much as Jackie is.(2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，33)Aon the rise Bon the lineCon the spot Don the run答案D解析句意为：一个好的旅行箱对于一个像成龙那样奔波的人来说是很有必要的。on the run忙碌，奔波，符合语境。故选D项。on the rise上升中；on the line处于危险中；on the spot当场，在现场。9Some traditional exercises like jogging，swimming and climbing may help people stay .(2017苏锡常镇四市一模，26)Ain place Bin orderCin fashion Din shape答案D解析句意为：一些传统的锻炼如慢跑、游泳和登山有助于人们保持健康。in place在适当的位置；in order井然有序；in fashion流行；in shape身体健康的。根据句意选D项。10Hopefully，the new method will be effective，helping students to get their career plans .(2017南京、盐城二模，28)Aat hand Bat willCon trial Don track答案D解析句意为：这个新的方法有望很有效地帮助学生们的职业规划走上正轨。at hand在手边，即将来临的；at will任意，随意；on trial在审判中，在实验中；on track步入正轨。根据句意选D项。专题强化练(十二).单项填空1Modern zoos should shoulder more social responsibility social progress and awareness of the public.(2018镇江高三上期中，27)Ain light of Bin favor ofCin honor of Din praise of答案A解析句意为：现代的动物园应该根据社会的进步和公众的意识来承担更多的社会责任。in light of根据，鉴于；in favor of有利于，支持；in honor of为了纪念；in praise of歌颂，为赞扬。此处表示根据，故选A。2Can you put me about the World Cup Football Match?Sorry.I myself know nothing about it.(2018南京三模，27)Ain the air Bon the moveCin the picture Don the spot答案C解析in the air悬而未决，(谣言等)传开，流行开来，半空中；on the move在行动，在移动中，在进步中，流动；put sb.in the picture介绍情况，使了解情况；put sb.on the spot使某人难堪。根据句意“你能给我介绍一下世界杯足球赛的情况吗？”可得出C项答案。3Ill soon have to throw away the printer，for its beyond repair and its .Aa Herculean task Bon its last legsCa sacred cow Dover the moon答案B解析句意为：我很快就会把打印机扔掉，因为它已经无法修理了，并且也已经过时。a Herculean task一项极为艰巨的工作；on its last legs奄奄一息，过时；a sacred cow神圣之物；over the moon欣喜若狂。根据句意可知答案为B。4The new system introduced last month is not working very effectively professional training.(2018南通、徐州等七市联考，33)Ain place of Bin case ofCin terms of Din defense of答案C解析句意为：上个月新推出的系统在专业培训方面的工作效率不高。in place of在的地方；in case of以防万一；in terms of在方面；in defense of为了防御。故选C。5The life you live will expand or shrink the measure of courage you display.(2017镇江一模，31)Ain proportion to Bin place ofCin competition with Din return for答案A解析句意为：你的生活会扩展还是收缩与你展示的勇气的程度成比例。in proportion to与成比例；in place of代替；in competition with与竞争；in return for作为的回报。根据句意选A项。6 the severe traffic pressure，many city authorities have started to restrict the use of private vehicles.ABy means of BIn terms ofCWith regard to DIn response to答案D解析句意为：作为对严重交通压力的回应，许多城市当局已经开始限制私家车的使用。in response to作为对的回应，符合句意。by means of借助于，通过方式；in terms of就而言，在方面；with regard to关于，至于。故选D。7 intelligence，the research found that wealth was also linked to higher iPhone usea factor that is related to education.AIn terms of BAs much asCIn view of DAs well as答案D解析句意为：除了智力之外，研究发现，财富也与较高的苹果手机使用有关一个与教育相关的因素。in terms of就而言；as much as多达；in view of考虑到；as well as除之外，也，还。根据语境，故选D。8 speed and flexibility，Chinas anti-ship missile CM-302 also has a greater destructive power than others in the market.(2017苏州调研，33)AOn the contrary to BApart fromCOn behalf of DLittle more than答案B解析句意为：除了速度和灵活性，中国的反舰导弹CM-302还比市场上的其他导弹拥有更大的杀伤力。apart from除之外，符合句意。on the contrary恰恰相反；on behalf of代表；little more than仅仅是。9 the efforts made by the police，a fantastic performance will be put on tomorrow.AIn place of BIn search ofCIn charge of DIn praise of答案D解析句意为：为了表彰警方做出的努力，明天将举办精彩的演出。in place of替代；in search of 寻找；in charge of 负责；in praise of 为了表扬。根据语境得知是为了表扬。故选D。10Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves，so its only natural that we want to learn something useful our efforts.(2017南京三模，21)Ain view of Bin response toCin parallel with Din return for答案D解析句意为：我们很多人把阅读看作对我们自己的投资，因此我们想要学习有用的东西作为我们努力的回报就显得再自然不过了。in return for作为的回报，符合语境。in view of由于，鉴于；in response to作为对的回应；in parallel with与同时。故选D项。11This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months，but it will disappear .Ain no time Bon timeCat a time Dat one time答案A解析in no time立即，马上；on time准时；at a time每次，一次；at one time曾经，一度。句意为：这种社会现象只会存在几个月时间，但不久就会消失的。12 ，most teenagers now listen to rock music.However，John prefers classical music.AIn advance BIn generalCIn particular DIn total答案B解析句意为：总的说来，现在大多数青少年听摇滚乐。然而，约翰更喜欢古典音乐。in advance预先，提前；in general总的来说；in particular尤其，特别；in total总共。13The fellow has been suspected e-mail fraud.Nowadays cybercrime is developing an amazing rate.Afrom；at Babout；inCof；at Dof；with答案C解析句意为：这个家伙被怀疑用电子邮件进行诈骗。现在网络犯罪正在以令人吃惊的速度发展。be suspected of被怀疑有；at a/an.rate以速度。14The monitor is about understanding how users are interacting with your application and how your application behaves real usage. Aon behalf of Bby virtue ofCin response to Dwith reference to答案C解析句意为：监控旨在了解用户如何与您的应用程序进行互动以及您的应用程序如何响应(用户)实际使用(时的问题)。根据句意可知，in response to响应，反应，符合语境。on behalf of代表；by virtue of凭借；with reference to关于。15The tax only affects people on incomes of over 200,000 ，the very rich.Ain addition Bfor instanceCin other words Don the contrary答案C解析句意为：这项税收只影响收入超过20万美元的人也就是说，很有钱的人。根据句意可知，in other words换句话说，也就是说，换言之，符合语境。in addition除此之外；for instance例如；on the contrary正相反。.阅读理解AWhat Is Starcom Smart DualBandAllow us to introduce ourselves.We are Starcom Smart DualBand，the network that is getting bigger and better every day with unbeatable services and the brightest smile！This brochure contains everything you need to know about Starcom Smart DualBand.With Starcom Smart DualBand，your mobile phone will have better reception.Depending on your location，Starcom Smart DualBand “smartly” chooses the strongest signal.Best of all，it comes at no extra cost for all Starcom customers.Starcoms global roaming network allows you to be connected in all parts of the world.Its of great use，especially when you often travel abroad whether you are on business or holiday.In your first year with us，you will enjoy a 30% discount on your monthly subscription.This will go up to 35% in your second year.From your third year onwards，you will get 45% off your monthly subscription!Whenever you use your phone，you earn Starcom stars.These stars can be exchanged for great rewards，from phones to holidays.Starcom Price PlanMonthly Subscription：50.00Rate (per minute)：30 centsFirst 12 seconds free for all local calls received.Wait no longer.Come and be a part of the Starcom family today!*To enjoy the benefits of the Starcom Smart DualBand network，you need to have a DualBand.16What benefit can people get from Starcom Smart DualBand?ALocating their missing phone.BEnjoying a free network regularly.CGoing traveling without disturbance.DConnecting their phone to a quality signal.答案D解析细节理解题。根据What Is Starcom Smart DualBand部分第二段中的前两句可知，Starcom Smart DualBand可以帮助人们将手机连接到优质的信号。故选D。17How much should a new member of Starcom pay yearly in normal circumstances?A.420. B.390.C.330. D.180.答案A解析数字计算题。根据What Is Starcom Smart DualBand部分第三段首句及Starcom Price Plan部分中的“Monthly Subscription：50.00”可推知，新用户第一年可享受7折优惠，即每月需支付500.735(美元)，因此一年的费用是3512420(美元)。故选A。BNot only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.Recently，Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.It is a convenient，clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten.To drink it，you can either peel off(剥去) the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth.To eat it，you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large quantities of Ooho bubbles(泡) without arriving with a very wet truck.However，they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane.It is targeting large outdoor events，such