形容词用法概述.doc

形容词用法概述一、形容词的一般用法以及在句子充当的成分： 1.作前置定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 例如，Its a cold and windy day. He is a clever boy.He lives a very happy life. 2.作后置定语，当形容词修饰的是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，放在不定代词之后。如something,anything,everyone,nobody.例如，Would you like something hot to drink？ Have you ever read anything interesting? Id like something cheaper.3. 作表语，放在系动词的后面。 例如，He is/looks happy today. The boy is very clever.You look ill.你看似生病了。He was asleep.他在睡觉。两类特殊的一般只能作表语的形容词：一：表示健康状况的。如：He is very well.You look ill.二：以前缀a-开头的词。如：afraid害怕；alone独自的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的 例如，The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) The two brothers are very alike.I was alone in the house last night.He was asleep.Although he is old, he is very alive.以a-开头的形容词一般不能单独置于名词前作前置修饰语。如：不能说 An asleep baby an alive fish 但若它们不是单独出现，作修饰语，则可以做前置修饰语。 如：a somewhat afraid solider The fast asleep baby A really alive/lively student4. 形容词作宾语补语：如：He found the cottage very beautiful.I consider him honest.5.只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的 例如，My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误) This is a wooden table.(正)The table is wooden.(误)6.貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的 7.复合形容词：snow-white雪白的 English-speaking说英语的；glass-topped玻璃罩的；full-time全日制的；well-known众所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以带走的；ten-year-old十岁的。 形容词作前置定语修饰名词的顺序：一：若为同一层次形容词，则词序长的在后。如：It was a rainy, windy, freezing, day.二：不同层次的则涉及排列词序问题。一般排序规则为：限定词 数词 表示说话人评价的形容词（如 well-known,famous,beautiful,honest,charming,interesting,cheap,expensive,） 表示大小，长短，形状，新旧的形容词 表 示颜色的形容词 表示国别，来源（出处），材料性质的形容词 表类别形容词名词The towns charming old English churchA well-known German medical schoolThe mans dirty little old black shirtA beautiful small round new red Chinese wooden table典型例题: 1） Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 2） One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 3） - How was your recent visit to Qingdao? - It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside.（高考题） A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 补充知识点：限定词的顺序问题：限定词分为前位，中位，后位限定词。按照“前位+中位+后位”的顺序排序。前位限定词：包括倍数（double,twice,thrice,triple三倍的，three times），分数（one-third,two-fifths）以及all,both,half,such(a/an)等。中位限定词包括冠词（a,an,the），指示代词（this,that,these,those）物主代词（my,your,his,her,their）所有格（Marys, my friends）不定代词（some,any,no,every,each）疑问代词（what，which,whose）以及either,neither,enough等。后位限定词包括基数词（one，two,three.）序数词（first,second,third.）以及next,last,other,another,many,much,(a)few,（a）little,more,less.most,several等。如：all his/the four teachersAll those last few days若只含有其中两类限定词，仍然按照上述顺序排列：如：half his lecture(前+中)Those last few months（中+后+后）Such a bad boySome such studentsSeveral hundred guests由分词转化而来的形容词：分词形容词是由动词分词转化而来的形容词，基本上和形容词起相同作用。常作名词修饰语。有比较级和最高级形式。如：The film was very interesting.Smith is a very experienced doctor in the hospital.A) 由-ing分词转化来的形容词：常常表示“令人。”表主动意义，行进中意义。Absorbing十分精彩的，吸引人的,amusing令人发笑的，逗人的,astonishing令人震惊的，boring令人厌烦的，无聊的，charming，迷人的，有魅力的，comforting令人安慰的，confusing令人困惑，费解的，demanding要求高的，苛刻的，disappointing令人失望的，discouraging令人灰心丧气的，encouraging，令人鼓舞的，exciting，令人兴奋的，interesting，有趣的，frightening，吓人的，令人害怕的，misleading误导人的，worrying令人担忧的如：It is worring that he hasnt come back home yet.B）由-ed分词转化来的形容词：常常表示“感到。”含被动意义。完成意义。Amazed感到惊讶的，bored感到厌烦的，disappointed，embarrassed感到尴尬的，distinguished不同的，有区别的，educated受过教育的，frightened感到吃惊的，hurried匆忙的，excited，interested感兴趣的，satisfied感到满意的，surprised，unexpected出乎意料的，worried感到担心的。如：His mother is very worried that he hasnt come back home yet.C）主动意义vs被动意义：Boiling water正在沸腾的水 vs boiled water煮开了的水A charming girl迷人的姑娘vs charmed girl 着了魔的姑娘Exciting news令人振奋的消息vs excited student兴奋的学生A frightening story吓人的故事vs a frightened women受惊的妇女形容词常见句型：三、形容词常用句型 1.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，wise(明智的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 例如，Its very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。 Its very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真粗鲁。 Its foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。 Its very good of his father to teach him a lesson.Its very nice of my mother to buy a new schoolbag for me.Its very polite of him to say hello to his teacher.Its very clever of Mary to solve such a difficult problem.Its very lazy of Tom to not wash his face for three days.Its right/wise of Lily to refuse that strangers invitation.Its wise of you to give up smoking.Its careless of him to forget to bring his textbook with him.2.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。 例如，Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 Its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 Its difficult/hard for me to make him forgive me because i made a big mistake.Its dangerous to drive too fast on so narrow a road.Its useful for her to do more exercise in order to lose weight.Its pleasant to sit in a house with an air conditioner when its terribly hot outside.Its impossible for you to finish so much homework today, so lets play basketball!3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，happy, pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的),angry,embarrassed尴尬的,disappointed感到失望的,excited,兴奋的worried,impatient不耐烦的,proud骄傲的,confused感到困惑的,satisfied感到满意的,surprised感到惊讶的等常接不定式。 例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 Im very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 I am so happy/glad/pleased/excited/satisfied/proud/ to hear your success.of passing the exam.4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。 例如，Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。 He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。附：常见形容词和介词搭配的用法：Be anxious about/for 对。感到焦虑，担心He is anxious for/about his mothers health.Be busy with/at/about sthBe careful with 对。小心Please be careful with these glasses.当心这些玻璃杯。Be concerned about/with.对。关心，担心They are concerned about/with the result of the match.Be different from 与。不同She is quite different from her friends.Be patient to/with对，。有耐心You must be patient to a child.Be pleased with.对。感到高兴，开心He is pleased with the gift礼物.Be skillful at/in sth 擅长于。Tom is skillful at/in painting.Be angry about sth对。发脾气Be angry with sbBe annoyed with sb对。烦恼/生气Be annoyed for/at sthBe confident of/in.对。有信心Be disappointed at/about sth对。失望Be disappointed with abSth is familiar to sb某人对某事熟悉Sb is familiar with sth如：He is familiar with the song.=The song is familiar to him.Be responsible for sth对某人负责Be responsible to sb对某事负责Parents should be responsible to their children.The t