新概念英语二的短语动词.docVIP

新概念英语二的短语动词某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义, 这种新的组合称作短语动词1、put v. 放（1）put on 穿上，戴上例：I put on my hat and left the house.Im putting on my coat.（2）put out熄灭，伸出、扑灭例：He put out the fire. Its dangerous to put out your hand now. 现在你把手伸出去是危险的。（3）put up with 容忍，忍受例：I cant believe that he can put up with this.（4）put up 搭建，搭建；例：They put up their tent in the middle of a field. 安排住宿，为提供膳宿，夜宿例：Its raining heavily. We must put them up tonight. 雨下得很大，我们今晚必须为他们安排住宿。（5）put away 把收好，放好例：Your room is untidy, put your things away.I have put away all my clothes.（6）put off 推迟，拖延例：Dont put your exercises off until tomorrow.The meeting has been put off.（7）put down = write down 记下，写下，记录下例：Have you put down the bosss words?2、take v. 拿走（1）take off 脱掉，摘掉例：It was very hot, so I took off my hat.3、look v. 看（1）look for 寻找例：I am looking for my pen.（2）look after 照顾例：Will you look after the children for me please?（3）lookback（与on,to连用）回想，记起；停滞不前例：Fromthistimeon,heneverlookedback.从此以后他便不断进步了。Afterhewonthefirstgame,heneverlookedback. 他胜了第一局后,就节节胜利。（4）look at 看 例：Come and look at my photograph album. 过来，看看我的相册。（5）look out of 向外看例：I looked out of the window. It was dark outside.（6）lookout当心、注意；找出；挑选出 例：Lookout,theresacarcoming.留神，汽车过来了。Lookout!Thereisdangerahead.当心!前面危险。You mustlookoutapartydress挑出一件赴宴会的衣服.（7）lookin顺便看望；短暂访问例：CanyoucomeonWednesday?IlljustlookinmydiarytoseeifImfree.你星期三能来吗?我要先看一下记事薄才能知道是否有空。 （8）lookup 在书中查到、查阅 (从参考书中获取资料)例：Whenyoudonotunderstandaword,youcanlookitupinthisdictionary.当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本词典。 (visit) 拜访，看望Dont forget to look me up when you return. 回来时别忘了来看我.Im going to look up Mary this afternoon 好转例：Thingsarelookingup!情况正在好转!（9）lookdownon轻视，看不起(10) lookforwardto盼望；期待，(高兴地)盼望，期待着（to为介词后面只能跟名词、代词和动名词，不能接动词原形）例：Wearealllookingforwardtoourholiday.我们都盼望着假期。Imlookingforwardtoseeingyouthissummervacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。(11) lookon（常与as连用）旁观；看作(=lookupon) 例：MayIlookonwithyou?我可以跟你合看这本书吗? Iusedtolookonhimasafriend.我以前把他看作是一位朋友。 (12)lookover翻阅，浏览 4、call （1）call on（拜访）与call at（拜访）的区别 两者都是拜访的意思。 call on后接表示人的名词或代词 call at 后接表示地点或场所的词，对（某个人家或地方）进行短暂访问例：I called on the Smiths yesterday. 我昨天拜访了史密斯一家。 I called at the Smiths yesterday. 我昨天去了史密斯家。 I called on the doctor yesterday. 我昨天去拜访了医生。 I called at the doctors yesterday. 我昨天去了医务室。 call on还可以“号召”，后面接动词不定式作宾语补主语例：The headmaster called on the students to work harder. 校长号召学生们更努力的学习。（2）call in 作“请来”、“找来”、“召来”、“请某人来做某种专业的咨询或帮忙”的意思。例：The police have been called in to help make it clear. 已请来了警察帮忙把这件事弄清楚。（3）call for去取某物, 去接某人；需要 作“要求”、“需要”、“提倡”解例：Success calls for hard work. 成功要靠勤奋。 The work calls for a lot of time. 这项工作需要大量时间。 表示“接（某人）”、“来取（某物）”例：I will call for you at six this evening. 表示“喊着要人取来”，相当于ask for.例：The man sat down and called for a glass of beer.（4）call up 打电话、回想起 作“打电话”的意思，相当于ring up 或telephone 或phone.例：Ill call you up tomorrow. 作“回想起”的意思例：Your letter called up the days when we worked together.（5）call out 大声叫喊例：Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.（6）call off 取消（某项活动）例：For some reason, they have called off the party/the meeting.5、knock v. 敲（1）knock at 敲门例：He started to complain the wicket world was interrupted in a knock at the door. A beggar knocked at my door.（2）knock off 击倒、停工、中断 表示打掉、把撞倒，如果有地点，用介词 off；knock sth. off+地点，强调从原有的位置消失。例：You always knock things off the table. 你总是碰掉桌上的东西。 表示停止工作、下班例：What time do you knock off ? He knocked off earlier. 表示减掉、降低（价格）、减低（速度）例：Knock 10% off the price. They knocked $5 off the price of coat. 表示排除、除掉、击败、破坏例：He is trying to knock off every objection. 他试图排除一切反对意见。（3）knock over击倒、把撞倒 击倒、撞倒无地点，用介词over，更强调姿态上的歪斜例：to knock sb. over 撞倒某人 Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning. 压倒、轻易打败例：We soon knocked over our competitor.我们很快打败了我们的竞争对手。（4）knock out 击昏、累垮 表示击昏、打晕, 在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock out(专用术语)例：Bob is very strong, he knocked Tom out yesterday.He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer out. 表示累垮、使筋疲力尽例：Dont knock yourself out with hard work.6、give的几个固定搭配（1）give常用含义是“给予，交给”例：I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.（2）gave away 赠送例：He gave away all his books to the library. （不经意地）泄露（秘密），告密例：He is sure to give away your secret. 他肯定会泄露你的秘密的。（3）give in 上交，呈交；屈服，让步，投降例：Give in your examination papers after youve finished.You can do what you like. I will never give in.（4）give up doing sth. 放弃，抛弃例：He gave up drinking a few years ago. He gave up smocking a few years old.（5）give up 交出、让出、放弃例：Jack has given up the watch he stole last week.Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy. 我方的三名军官向敌人投降了。（6）give off 散发，发出（光、烟、气味等）例：Those wild flowers give off a nice smell. 那些野花发出很好闻的香味。（7）give out 分配、分发例：give out handbills 发传单7、arrive（1）arrive in到达大地方例：I arrived in London at last.（2）arrive at 到达小地方例：I arrived at a small village in the south of France. （3）arrive for 要到什么时间了例：At last the time arrived for the performance to begin8、Make的用法及物动词make的原义为“制造”，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为make+（冠词）+名词形式：make progress（取得进步）；make the bed（铺床）；make conversation（找话题）；make a noise（吵闹）；make a promise（保证）；make trouble（捣蛋，制造麻烦）； make money（挣钱）； make a speech（演讲）；make a mistake（犯错误）；make up ones mind（下定决心，拿定主意）9、Do的用法完全动词do也有一些固定短语：do ones best（尽最大努力）；do ones homework（做作业）；do sb. a favour（帮忙）；do a job（干家务）；do work（做家务）；do exercise（做练习）；do business（做生意）do还可以与动名词连用：do some shopping（买东西，购物）；do swimming（游泳）；do some reading （读书）10、Pick的用法（1）pick up 拿起、捡起；意外地找到；（偶然地）学会；开车去接例：He picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins. （拿起）The bicycle was picked up in a small village. （意外找到）（2）pick sb. up （顺路）接某人（meet sb.+地点 专程接）例：Ill pick you up in the car this evening. 今晚我开车来接你.（3）pick up a lot of English =learn a lot of English例：I picked up a lot of English while I was in England. (I learnt.) 在英国的时候, 我学到了不少英语.（4）pick up the radio program = the program on the radio 在广播上收听节目（5）pick out 挑出，选出，辩认出例：There are so many beautiful cards on display, I cant pick out the ones I like best.(I cant choose.) 陈列着那么多漂亮的明信片, 我挑不出最喜欢的.When I went to the bookshop yesterday, I picked out two of the books which I needed most.Look at these photos and see if you can pick out my mother.The thief was picked out by several people.11、含有介词 at 的词组at与许多词可以构成固定词组：（1）其中表示时间的有：at first（开始时，最初），at once（马上，立刻），at present（目前，现在），at last（最后，终于），at times（有时），at the moment（现在）；例：At any rate, Im determined to stay here at present.（2）表示地点的有：at home（在家），at school（在学校）；例：Billy is not at home at present. Hes at school.（3）表示程度的有：at least（至少），at any rate（不管怎样）；例：At least, Im not mad yet. Its a pity you cant come to the concert. At any rate youll be able to hear it on the radio.（4）其它词组有at heart（内心里，实际上），at a loss（困惑不解，不知怎么办）等。例：People have more money now, yet the temptation to steal is greater than ever before. Why? I