英语语法讲义-倒装.docVIP

倒 装一定义英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”，如果将谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前，这种语序叫倒装。 二倒装的原因1.为了构成疑问句；2.为了强调；3.为了生动流畅二 倒装的种类I. 完全倒装：将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。常见的完全倒装结构1.now,then,here,there,away,off, in, out, down, up, next等副词位于句首，谓语是go, come, rush, run等不及物动词时，主语和谓语倒装。Here is some advice.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.Down from the top of the mountain runs the waterfall Away flew the birds.There lived an old fisherman in the village.There stand two white houses by the river. There existed some doubt among the students. 2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首，谓语是exist, appear, stand, sit, lie, sleep等不及物动词时，主语和谓语倒装。On the top of the hill stand two trees. 注意在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。Out she went. 她走了。 Here we are. 我们到了。 3. “表语(形容词/v-ed/v-ing/介词短语/)+连系动词+主语”结构。 Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year. 她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。 Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。 Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. 一些知名的科学家出席了会议。Outside the doctors clinic were 20 patients.Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。 Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies. 同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。II部分倒装：只将连系动词be、助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面。（do, does, did, am, is , are, was, were, will, shall, would , should, have, has, had, can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought to 等）常见的部分倒装结构 1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等）放在句首时。 He can not speak a single word of English. Not a single word of English can he speak. 他连一个英语单词都不会说。 He cares little about his clothes. Little does he care about his clothes. 他不在乎穿着。 I have never seen him before. Never have I seen him before. Never before have I seen him. 我以前没见过他。 The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。(Not until引出的主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装。) I shall by no means give up. By no means shall I give up. 我决不放弃。 必背：表示“刚就的倒装结构 Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。 Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang. 他刚坐下，手机就响了。 No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。 2. 副词only +状语放在句首时。 Only then did I see life was not easy. 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。 Only in this way can you use the computer well. 只有用这种方法你才能把电脑学好。 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有他病重时，他才待在床上。（only+状语从句，从句不倒装，主句倒装） 3. “so.that.和“such.that.”结构中的so或such位于句首时。 He was so excited that he could not say a word. So excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。 His anger was such that he lost control of himself. Such was his anger that he lost control of himself. 他是如此地生气，以至于他不能控制自己了。 4As/though 引导的让步状语从句中的倒装 表语提前，构成倒装。 Though she is very pretty, she is not clever. Pretty though she is, she is not clever虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。 Although it may appear strange, it is true. Disabled as he was, he tried his best to serve the people. 虽然他残疾了，但他仍尽力为人民服务。 Although he is a child, he speaks fluent English. Child as he is, he speaks fluent English. 虽然他是个孩子，但能讲流利的英语。 （名词单数前不用不定冠词a） Though he is the shortest, he is the richest of the three. Shortest as he is, he is the richest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最富有的。（形容词最高级前去定冠词the） 动词提前，构成倒装。 Though they searched, they could not find anything in the house. Search as they did , they could not find anything in the house. 虽然他们搜遍了， 却没在房子里找到任何东西。 Though I failed, I would try again. Fail as I did, I would try again. 尽管我失败了，但我还要再试。 Though she may try again, she wont pass it. Try as she may, she wont pass it. 尽管愿意再试，她还是不会通过的。 副词提前，构成倒装。 Though he tried hard, he couldnt pass the exam. Hard as he tried, he couldnt pass the exam. 尽管他努力了，他还没有通过考试。 Though I listened attentively, I still couldnt understand what he said at the meeting. Attentively as I listened, I still couldnt understand what he said at the meeting. 尽管我专心听了，我还是不懂他在会议上说的话。 Though he ran the fastest, he still didnt catch the train. Fastest as he ran, he still didnt catch the train. 尽管他跑得最快，仍没有赶上火车。（副词最高级前不用定冠词the）5. 在含有were, had, should 的if虚拟条件句中，省略if,把were, had, should 移到主语前。Were I you, I would help him.=If I were you, I would help him.Had you come yesterday, you would have met him then.=If you had come yesterday, you would have met him then.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=If it should rain, the crops would be saved.6. Not onlybut also连接并列句时，前倒后不倒。He not only likes English but I also like English.- Not only does he like English but I also like English.注意：连接并列主语时，不倒装。Not only he but also I like English.7.Neither nor 连接并列句时，前后都倒装。Neither does he like English, nor do I (like English.)注意：连接并列主语时，不倒装。Neither he nor I like English.8 so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助动词或情态动词）+主语。 She has been to Tokyo. So have I. 她去过东京，我也去过。 He can send emails to his former classmates. So can she. 他能电子邮件给以前的同学，她也能。 He went to the film last night. So did I. 昨天晚上他去看电影了，我也去了。 对比： - Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。 - So he did. 确实是的。 - It is cold today. 今天很冷。 - So it is and so was it yesterday. 确实是很冷，昨天也很冷。 His mother told him to go to the film. He did so. 他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了 9 neither/nor/no more引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。 She wont go. Neither/Nor/No more will I. 她不走，我也不。 I cannot swim. Neither can he . 我不会游泳，他也不会。(=He cant , either.) 注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。 He worked hard, but didnt pass the exam. So it was with his sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。（既有肯定又有否定） She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr. Li. 她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。（谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词） 10the .more. the more .结构中的倒装 The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你越努力工作，就越觉得快乐。（表语提前） The more you study, the more you know. 你学得越多，就明白越多。（宾语提前） 提示： 有时从句倒装，主句不倒装。 I like the painting better the more I look at it. 我越看这幅画，就越喜欢它。 2010年高考英语试题分类汇编倒装句（10江西） 33 Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun答案：A考点：考察倒装。解析：not until放在句首要用部分倒装, 翻译为直到, 所以begin发生在left之后或同时发生（10四川）9We laugh at jokes，but seldom about how they work Awe think Bthink we Cwe do think