初中被动语态刘晶.docVIP

- 4 -初中英语语法专项精讲与练习 教师：刘晶 初中英语被动语态复习一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。 如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done 一般现在时He reads the book. - The book _ by him. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 He has read the book. -The book _ by him.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时He is reading the book. - The book _ by him.4） was/were done 一般过去时He read the book. - The book _ by him.5） had been done 过去完成时He had read the book. - The book _ by him.6） was/were being done 过去进行时He was reading the book. - The book _ by him.7） shall/will be done 一般将来时He will read the book. - The book _ by him.8） should/would be done 过去将来时He would read the book. - The book _ by him.观察总结：各时态形式的变化，主要是_ 的形式在变化。即可记住：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。三、主动语态变成被动语态的方法分三步： （1）把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语；（2）把谓语变成被动语态结构（be+及物动词的过去分词），根据被动语态句子中主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作介词宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。第一步：宾语_ 变成_;第二步：谓语_变成_;第三步：主语_ 放在介词by之后, 成为_。整句变化为：_四、 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。 例：The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 动词后有两个宾语的，即直接宾语（物）和间接宾语(人)。有两种变法，例如：She gave me agift yesterday. 直接宾语是_ 间接宾语是_一种变法是：将间接宾语做被动句的主语。上句可变为I was given a gift（by her) yesterday.另一种是：将直接宾语做被动句的主语。这个结构需要：to/for+间接宾语（选用to或for要根据以前学过的动词的惯用法，如give, send, take等词后就用to，而buy ,make,等词后就用for)。上句可以变为：A gift was given to me (by her) yesterday.试一试： I bought my daughter a lovely skirt. _ _ He passed me a new book. _3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余照写。 例： We made Bob our monitor. 句中Bob是_, our monitor 是_.句子变被动成_ 试一试：They painted the wall red.变为_4）在使役动词和感官动词let, have, make, see, watch, notice, hear,等后跟sb.+动词时，有共性，都是接动词的原形，即有let sb. do, have sb. do, _, _, _, _, _。这些词变被动时，要补充to. 例: Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. The story made us laugh. 可变为_ I heard them sing in the room. 可变为_5）动词后是宾语从句, 我们要用it作主语来变被动句，而后面的宾语从句不变。即常变为 Its said that +从句。可意为“据说” 例如：They said that it was going to rain. 可变为: It is said that it was going to rain.They said that the accident happened in that new street. 可变为 _类似的结构还有：Its reported that 据报道；Its well-known that 众所周知。4. 一些动词没有被动语态：happen, take place, last, break out（突然发生）, come out(出版), come true等词没有被动语态。 e.g. An car accident happened just now. When is her new novel coming out? I hope my dream can come true one day. Fire broke out during the night. The rain lasted for two days. 5. 有些词本身具有被动意义，在句子中用主动形式。如有一些做系动词的词sound, taste, feel, seem, look等。e.g. It sounds great. 那听起来很棒。 The cloth feels soft. 这布摸起来很柔软。 6.还有sell，write，wash, grow等表示性能和品质时，也用主动表被动。e.g The pen writes well. ( The book is written by him)This kind of cloth washes well. (My clothes were washed by my mother.)This kind of cloth sells well. (The bike was sold by the girl.)The plant grows well. (Some flowers are being planted in the garden.)7. be worth doing/ need doing中doing 为主动形式，表示被动意义。 e.g. The book is worth reading. The flowers need watering. 附练习：一. 单项选择1. The reading room _ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned2. The workers were made _ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked3. Food _ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept4. His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent5. The pen _ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing6. Great changes _ in the town since 1988. A. have taken placeB. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place7. Our compositions must _ next Monday. A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in8. The child will _ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending9. _ his work _ yet?A. havebeen finishedB. has been finished C. has finishedD. havefinished10. The classroom _ nowA. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned11. _ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did; build12. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened13. Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grownC. growsD. grow14. So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visited D. was visited15.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives二将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It by you now.5. People use metal for making machines. Metal for making machines.6. He made me do that for him. I that for him.7. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? a bridge here by them a year ago?8. Well put on an English play in our school. An English play on in our school.9. My brother often mends his watch. His watch by my brother.10. We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must (by us) every day.11. They use knives for cutting things. Knives for cutting things.12. Did he break the window yesterday? the window yesterday?13. They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses out.14. We clean the classroom every day. The classroom every day.三、 用动词的正确语态填空。1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play _(put) on again sometime next month.3. The old man