动词的语态及练习.doc

动词的语态知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：Many people speak English . (主动语态)English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)1、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：肯 定 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否 定 句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑问句：be + 主语+过去分词+ （by）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下： 式 时一 般进 行完 成现在am / is /are + givenam/is/are +being + givenhave / has +been +given过去was / were + givenwas / were + being + givenhad +been + given将来shall/ will + be givenshould /would + be + given含情态词的can / may /must +be +given/ has(have)to be given3、被动语态的用法： 1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 例如： This jacket is made of cotton. English is spoken (by people ) in many countries in the world.2）强调动作的承受者时。如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。3）主动语态变被动语态的步骤:主动句: The boybrokethe window yesterday.被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：was broken步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。5) 有直接宾语和间接宾语（两个宾语）的句子的被动语态：A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：give，pass，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等, 一般用间接宾语作主语；但如果用间接宾语作主语时，间接宾语前要加to.1. He gave me the book just now. The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.2. They showed the guard their passports at the entrance to the building. The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building. = The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: do，make，buy, get, sing，choose，draw, cook, get等，如果用间接宾语作被动语态的主语时，在间接宾语前要加for。1. His father bought him a mobile phone . A moboile phone was bought for him by his father.= He was bought a mobile phone by his father.2. My mother made me a skirt. A skirt was made for me by my mother. = I was made a skirt by my mother.C.但是当谓语动词时是ask 时，一般只能用间接宾语作主语。 The teacher always asks him questions. He was always asked questions by the teacher.6) 当句子中有动词不定式做宾语补足语省略to时，在变被动语态时，to 要还原。e.g The boss often made them work at the weekend.- They were often made to work at the weeken.We can see many students play on the playgound after class. - Many students can be seen to play on the playground after class by us.一、选择填空1.The question _by us soon. A.is going to discussB.will discuss C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he_.A.must look after B.must be taken careC.must be looked after D.must take care of3. All the new words _up in the dictionary yet.A.have looked B.havent lookedC.have been lookedD.havent been looked4.There was no room for you. All the seats _.A.are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken5. A model ship _his son by Mr More.A.was made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for6.-Dad, please open the door, it _.-OK, dear. I am coming.A.was locked B.locks C.is locked D.locked7. This kind of sweater_very soft.A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling8.-Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?-Yes. Every student_about it.A.told B.has told C.was told D.tells9.The cake _delicious.A.smell B.is smelled C.is smelling D.smells10. My father has given up smoking since he _on.A. will operate B.will be operated C.operated D.was operated11.A new school _ these days.A. is building B. is built C. well build D. is being built12. The cake _delicious. A. smell B. is smelled C. is smelling D. smells13. I_there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomato A. will tell B. have told C. was told D. will be told14.The librarian told me that the book_for two weeks. A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C. could be borrowed D. could be kept15.When_this kind of computer _? A.is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used16.The new computers_to the village school as present last month. A.are given B. given C. were given D. gave17.I really dont know_about it. A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I do18.Your shoes_. Youd better come to get them in half an hour. A.are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended19.Though he had often made his little sister_,today he was made_by her. A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry20.When_the accident_? A.was; happened B.has; happened C.was happebeing D.did; happenKey: 1-5 CCDDA 6-10 CBCDD 11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Some ideas _(give) to college students by him yesterday.2.-Do you like the music Moonlight? -Yes, it _really beautiful!(sound)3. He wont come to the party unless Sue _.(invite)4. The chair needs_.(repair)5. Quick is another way of _fast.(say)6. This kind of bike _in that factory, but you cant buy it now.(make)7. Cotton _in the country.(plant)8. Man-made satellites _by Chinese people.(send)9. This kinds of shoes _out by now.(sell)10. The room must _ clean every day.(keep)Key: 1.were given2.sounds 3.is invited 4.repairing/ to be repaired 5.saying 6.is made 7.is planted8.have been sent 9.have been sold 10.be kept改为被动语态1 We often use this kind of machine in a car factory.2 Most of the people in the country speak English.3 He sweeps the floor every morning.4 Thousands of people visit the Great Wall every day.5 She doesnt use a recorder in her English lesson.6 I taught him how to read the English words.Key :1. This kind of machine is used by us in a car factory. 2. English is spoken by most of the people in the country. 3. The floor is swept by him every morning. 4. The Great Wall is visited by thousands of people every day. 5. A recorder is not used by her in her English lesson. 6. He was taught how to read the English words.7 She gave me a very nice present on my birthday.8 They will offer us a lot of fruit when we go to his home. this weekend.9 Father is going to make Jack and Tim a kite each.10 Mother has already cooked them very delicious food .11 Can he choose us good fish ?Key: 7. I was given a very nice present by her on my birthday./ A nice present was given to me by heron my birthday.8. We will be offered a lot of fruit when we go to his home this weekend./ A lot of fruit will begiven to us when we go to his home.9. Jack and Tim are going to be made a kite each by Father / A kite is going to be made for Jackand Tim each by Father.10. They have already been cooked very delicious food by Mother. / Very delicious food hasalready been cooked for them by Mother.11. Can fish be chosen for us by him? / Can we be chosen good fish by him?12 Did you teacher praise you last week?13 We must get rid of the bad habit.14 Have you introducced him to your friends?15 Trees take away dust and dirt from the air.16 They also reduce sound pollution for large urban areas.17 They are building a hotel now.18 They will set us a new public library here.19 The doctor operatred on the wounded soldier last night.20 We must take care of trees.21 Has Mr. Smith given up smoking?22 Li Hong is working on the difficult problems now.Key:12. Were you praised by your teacher last week?13. The bad habit must be get rid of.14. Has he been introduced to your friends (by you)?15. Dust and dirt are taken away form the air by trees.16. Sound pollution is also reduced by trees for large urban areas.17. A hotel is being built by them now.18. A new public library will be set up here .19. The wounded soldier was operated on by the doctor last night.20. Trees must be taken care of.21. Has smoking be given up by Mr. Smith?22. The difficult problems are being worked on by Li Hong now.23 I saw her dance at the party.24 The policeman noticed the thieves enter the bank.25 Did you make clean the ground of snow.26 Wesley Chen had broken many world records by the time he was nine.27 Just now we heard them singing on the playground.28 Did you often hear her sing in the next door?29 Someone has invited me to dinner recently.30 The baby elephant can easily break the stick.31 We didnt feel the ground shaking then.Key:23. She was seen to dance at the party.24. The thieves were noticed to enter the bank by the policeman.25. Were you made to clean the ground of snow?26. Many world records had been broken by Wesley Chen by the time he was nine.27. Just now they were heard singing on the playgound.28. Was she often heard to sing in the next door by you?29. I have been invited to dinner recently.30. The stick can easily be broken by the baby elephant .31. The ground wasnt felt shaking by us.32 They are putting up a language lab there.33 Can the workers repair the old machines?34Who worte the report?35What do people do to protect the wild anmials?36How many events did he enter for?Key:32.A language lab is being put up by them there. 33. Can the old machines be repaired by the workers?# 34.By whom was the report written? 35. What are done to protect the wild animals by people?36.How many events was entered for by him?用所给动词的正确语态和时态填充和选择正确的答案：1. This song _ (sing) by children.2. A new film _ (be) on tonight.3. We _ (tell) to stay at school till six yesterday.4. The teacher _ (tell) us that the sun _ (rise) in the east.5. The medicine must _ (keep) dry.6. Now a new bookstore _ (open) near our school.7. We _ (clean) our classroom every day. Now it _ (clean).8. Singing lessons _ (usually teach) in the classroom. But now we _ (have) our singing lessons in our music classroom because it _ (build).9. Shanghai _ (change) greatly since liberation.10. Class _ (begin) at eight in our school.11. _ the work _ (do) yet?12. If you want to turn water into steam, th temperature _ (must raise) high enough.13. The Chinese Communist Party _ (found) on July 1st.14. This story _ (happen) in 1974.15. Something _ (be) wrong with my radio. Can you _ (repair) it? Can it _ (repair) in two days?16. These mistakes are going .A. to be correct B. to be corrected C. to correct D. corrected17. Tim was sad because his pet dog .A. was died B. had been died C. had died D. had been die18. When he returned home, he found his wallet .A. had lost B. lost C. was losing D. was lost19. Nobody should .A. laugh at B. be laughed C. be laughed at D. laughed20. The new invention everywhere.A. talked about B. was talked about C. talked D. was talked21. Twenty dollars must me.A. be paid to B. be paid for C. pay to D. pay for22. It every day so far this week.A. is rained B. has been rained C. rains D. has rained23. Mother home when I had finished cooking.A. had been arrived B. had arrived C. arrived D. was arrived24. I dont know whether the dress my elder sister.A. fits B. is fitted C. will be fit D. will be fitted25. Please tell me where the next Olympic Games .A. will hold B. will be held C. is held D. will be taken placed26. Wonders one after another.A. appeared B. were appeared C. would be appeared D. will be appeared27. New books can only for two weeks.A. be kept B. keep C. be borrowed D. borrow28. He didnt want to tell me how much the bag .A. was cost B. cost C. was costed D. costed29. He tired and down on the bed.A. felt, was lain B. felt, lay C. was felt, was lain D. was felt, lay30. It was growing dark. All the street lights .A. turned on B. were turned on C. turned D. were turned31. These cakes _ nice, so they had all _ out. A. tasted, sold B. were tasted, sold C. tasted, been sold D. were tasted, been sold32. George must _ about his fathers health as soon as possible. A. tell B. be told C. be told him D. told33. He said that he _ the idea.A. wasnt pleased B. wasnt pleased with C. didnt pleased D. didnt pleased with34. When to hold the spots meeting _ at the meeting.A. wasnt decided B. hasnt decided C. hadnt decided D. didnt decided35. That door _