2026秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit 1–8全册各单元语法讲义+练习题（含答案）

第第页2026秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit1–8全册各单元语法讲义+练习题Unit1TheChangingWorld（变化中的世界）第一部分语法知识点总结一、现在完成时（PresentPerfectTense）1、基本结构与句式：现在完成时表示过去发生、并持续到现在或对现在产生影响的动作，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。肯定句：主语+have/has+done否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+done一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done?特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+done?例：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已经完成了作业。2、常见时间标志：already（已经，肯）、yet（还，否/疑）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、recently（最近）、sofar（到目前为止）、since+过去时间点、for+时间段。3、短暂性动词与延续性动词：for/since后接时间段时，不能用短暂性动词，须换成延续性动词——buy→have,borrow→keep,leave→beaway(from),die→bedead,begin/start→beon,join→bein,finish→beover,open→beopen,close→beclosed,marry→bemarried。例：Hehashadthebookfortwoweeks.（不用hasborrowed）4、since的用法：since+过去时间点，或since+一般过去时句子，主句用现在完成时。例：Myfatherwantstoseehowtheplacehaschangedsincehelastvisited.二、一般过去时（SimplePastTense）1、基本结构：表示过去某时发生、与现在无关的动作或状态，结构为主语+动词过去式。2、常见时间标志：yesterday,lastnight/week/month,…ago,in+过去年份,justnow。例：Hewatchedamovielastnight.他昨晚看了一场电影。三、现在完成时与一般过去时辨析1、现在完成时强调“对现在的影响/持续”，常无具体过去时间；一般过去时强调“过去某时”，常有具体时间状语。2、例：Ihavelostmykey.（现在没钥匙）/Ilostmykeyyesterday.（只说昨天丢了）3、for/since与现在完成时连用；具体过去时间与一般过去时连用。四、usedtodo与beusedtodoing1、usedtodosth过去常常做某事（现在不了）。例：Heusedtobeshy.2、beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事（to是介词）。例：Sheisusedtogettingupearly.3、注意：usedtodo与beusedtodo（被用来做，被动）含义不同。第二部分专项巩固练习题一、单项选择（12题）1.—WhereisTom?—He____tothelibrary.A.goesB.hasgoneC.wentD.go2.I____thisbook.It'sveryinteresting.A.readB.havereadC.readsD.reading3.She____inthiscityfortenyears.A.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isliving4.—Haveyou____beentoBeijing?—No,____.A.ever;everB.ever;neverC.never;everD.never;never5.Myfather____smoke,buthedoesn'tnow.A.usedtoB.isusedtoC.usestoD.wasusedto6.Themovie____tenminutesago.A.hasstartedB.startedC.hasbegunD.begins7.We____Englishforthreeyears.A.learnB.learnedC.havelearnedD.arelearning8.He____thelettersincelastweek.A.hasn'twrittenB.didn'twriteC.doesn'twriteD.wrote9.They____theboxyet.A.haven'topenedB.didn'topenC.don'topenD.opened10.I____heresince2010.A.cameB.havebeenC.havecomeD.come11.—When____you____thebook?—Yesterday.A.have;borrowedB.did;borrowC.have;borrowedD.do;borrow12.Theshop____lastyear.A.hasclosedB.closedC.hasbeenclosedD.closes二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题）1.I____(know)himsincewewerechildren.2.She____(justfinish)herhomework.3.He____(notsee)thefilmyet.4.They____(be)friendsforfiveyears.5.Tom____(use)toplaybasketballafterschool.6.We____(learn)1,000wordssofar.7.Thetrain____(leave)tenminutesago.8.I____(nevereat)sushibefore.9.Howlong____you____(have)thisbike?10.He____(live)inLondonfortwoyearsandthenmovedtoParis.三、句子改错，写出正确形式（5题）1.Hehasboughtthebookfortwoweeks.2.Ihaveseenhimyesterday.3.ShehasgonetoParisforamonth.4.Theyhaveleftheresince8o'clock.5.Mybrotherusedtoplayingcomputergames.第三部分参考答案与解析一、单项选择1、B解析：hasgoneto去了某地（人未回），问句问在哪用现在完成时。2、B解析：强调经历，用现在完成时haveread。3、B解析：fortenyears段时间，现在完成时haslived。4、B解析：ever曾经（疑问），never从未（否定回答）。5、A解析：usedtodo过去常常，与now对比。6、B解析：ago具体过去时间，一般过去时started。7、C解析：forthreeyears段时间，现在完成时havelearned。8、A解析：sincelastweek，现在完成时hasn'twritten。9、A解析：yet用于否定，现在完成时haven'topened。10、B解析：since2010，延续性用havebeen（不用come）。11、B解析：yesterday过去时间，一般过去时didborrow。12、B解析：lastyear过去时间，一般过去时closed。二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1、haveknown2、hasjustfinished3、hasn'tseen4、havebeen5、used6、havelearned7、left8、havenevereaten9、have;had10、lived三、句子改错1、bought→had解析：fortwoweeks需延续性havehad。2、haveseen→saw解析：yesterday用一般过去时。3、hasgone→hasbeen解析：foramonth表停留，用hasbeen(in)。4、haveleft→havebeenaway解析：since需延续性beaway。5、playing→play解析：usedtodo，to后接动词原形。Unit2InspiringPeople（鼓舞人心的人）语法汇总与练习第一部分语法知识点总结一、Itis/was+adj.+forsb+todosth1、it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式todo，表示“做某事对某人来说……的”。2、for用于评价事情的性质（难易、利弊、必要）：difficult,easy,hard,important,necessary,dangerous,possible,useful。3、句式：肯定Itis+adj.+forsb+todo；否定Itisn't+adj.+forsb+todo；疑问Isit+adj.+forsb+todo?4、注意：for句型不能转换为Sb+be+adj.+todo（形容词修饰事情，不修饰人）。例：ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.对我们来说学英语很重要。二、Itis/was+adj.+ofsb+todosth1、of用于评价人的品质、性格：kind,nice,clever,brave,polite,foolish,careless,rude。2、of句型可直接转换为Sb+be+adj.+todosth。例：It'skindofyoutohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.3、口诀：事用for，人用of。三、Itis/was+adj.+that从句（主语从句）1、it作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句（that不省略），表示“……是……的”。2、陈述语气：Itisclearthatheworkshard.3、虚拟语气：表示必要、重要、建议的形容词后，that从句用(should)+动词原形。例：Itisimportantthatwe(should)keepquietinclass.四、易错提醒1、先看形容词修饰对象：修饰事用for，修饰人品质用of。2、for句型不能写成Sb+be+adj.+todo。3、强调句：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余。被强调部分指人用who/that，指物/事用that。第二部分专项巩固练习题一、单项选择（12题）1.Itisimportant____us____Englishwell.A.for;tolearnB.of;tolearnC.for;learningD.of;learning2.It'sverykind____you____helpme.A.for;toB.of;toC.for;ofD.of;for3.____brave____himtosavethechild!A.It's;ofB.It's;forC.Its;ofD.It;for4.Itisnoteasy____aforeignlanguage.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned5.Itwasdifficult____women____dothatworkinthepast.A.for;toB.of;toC.for;forD.of;for6.Itisnecessary____we____ontime.A.that;areB.that;beC.for;areD.of;be7.Itisclear____hewillwin.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who8.Itwas____thathewaslate.A.apityB.pityC.pitiesD.pitiful9.____clever____theboytoworkouttheproblem!A.It's;forB.It's;ofC.Its;ofD.It;for10.Itisdangerous____children____neartheriver.A.for;toplayB.of;toplayC.for;playD.of;play11.Itispolite____you____saythankyou.A.for;toB.of;toC.for;ofD.of;for12.Itwasinthepark____wemetyesterday.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when二、用所给词的适当形式填空（10题）1.Itiseasyforme____(answer)thequestion.2.Itisveryniceofyou____(help)us.3.It____(be)importanttostudyhard.4.Itisnecessarythathe____(be)hereontime.5.Itwasbraveofhim____(save)thedog.6.Itisusefulforstudents____(read)morebooks.7.Itisapitythatshe____(miss)thetrain.8.Itiskindofthem____(invite)us.9.Itwasdifficultfortheoldman____(climb)themountain.10.Itistrue____heishonest.三、句型转换（5题）1.TolearnEnglishisimportantforus.(用it作形式主语改写)2.Youarekindtohelpme.(用it...of改写)3.Hedevelopedanewkindofrice.Itwasgreat.(合并为含that主语从句的句子)4.Weshouldkeepquietinclass.Itisimportant.(用that从句)5.Thebookisusefultome.(用it...for改写)第三部分参考答案与解析一、单项选择1、A解析：important修饰事，用for；Itis+adj.+forsb+todo。2、B解析：kind评价人品质，用of。3、A解析：brave评价人，It's...of。4、B解析：真正主语是不定式tolearn。5、A解析：difficult修饰事，用for。6、B解析：necessary后that从句用(should)be。7、A解析：主语从句引导词that。8、A解析：apity作表语，Itwasapitythat...。9、B解析：clever评价人，用of。10、A解析：dangerous修饰事，用for；不定式toplay。11、B解析：polite评价人，用of。12、B解析：强调句，被强调地点用that。二、填空1、toanswer2、tohelp3、is4、(should)be5、tosave6、toread7、missed/hasmissed8、toinvite9、toclimb10、that三、句型转换1、ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.2、Itiskindofyoutohelpme.3、ItwasgreatofYuanLongpingtodevelopanewkindofrice.（或Itwasgreatthathedevelopedanewkindofrice.）4、Itisimportantthatwe(should)keepquietinclass.5、Itisusefulformetoreadthebook.Unit3SmartLearning（智慧学习）语法汇总与练习第一部分语法知识点总结一、什么是宾语从句在主句中充当宾语的从句，放在动词、介词等后面，由that/if/whether等引导，用来表达完整的想法、疑问或观点。二、that引导的宾语从句1、that只起连接作用，无词义，常可省略（尤其在believe,think,know,say后）。例：Weknow(that)goodhabitshelpus.2、that不能省略的情况：(1)两个或以上宾语从句并列，仅第一个that可省；(2)介词后的宾语从句中that不省；(3)it作形式宾语时that不省；(4)从句主语是this/that或被其修饰时that不省。三、if/whether引导的宾语从句1、意为“是否”，不可省略。例：Idon'tknowif/whetherhewillcome.2、一般用whether不用if的三种情况：(1)与ornot连用；(2)介词后；(3)不定式todo前。例：Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot./Itdependsonwhetheryouagree./Shehasn'tdecidedwhethertogo.四、语序铁律宾语从句必须用陈述语序（主+谓），绝不用疑问倒装语序。例：Couldyoutellmewherehelives?（不用doeshelive）五、时态呼应1、主现从实：主句一般现在时，从句据语境选时态。例：Ihearthatwewillhaveatesttomorrow.2、主过从过：主句一般过去时，从句用过去范畴时态。例：Hesaidthathewasbusythen.3、真理从现：客观真理/事实，无论主句何时态，从句用一般现在时。例：Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.第二部分专项巩固练习题一、单项选择（12题）1.Ithink____heisagoodstudent.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether2.Idon'tknow____hewillcome.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.who3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.whichC.whereD.that4.Shehasn'tdecided____togoabroad.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what5.Iwonder____ornotitwillrain.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what6.Doyouknow____hedidit?A.whatB.howC.whichD.if7.Theteachersaidtheearth____aroundthesun.A.wentB.goesC.goingD.hasgone8.Idon'tknow____bookisbetter.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.that9.Heaskedme____Icouldhelphim.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.which10.Itdependson____youkeepstudying.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what11.Ibelieve____thiswillhelpus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what12.Shesaidshe____busythen.A.isB.wasC.beD.hasbeen二、用适当的连接词（that/if/whether）填空（10题）1.Ihope____youwillcometotheparty.2.Idon'tknow____heisathomenow.3.Shesaid____shewastiredafterthetrip.4.Pleasetellme____youlikethegift.5.Wedon'tknow____wewillhaveatesttomorrow.6.Heasked____Icouldopenthewindow.7.I'mnotsure____hewillcomeornot.8.Itdependson____thenewsistrue.9.Ithink____readingeverydayisuseful.10.Doyouknow____bookismine?三、句子改错，划出错误并写出正确句子（5题）1.Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?2.Idon'tknowwhatishisname.3.Heaskedmewherewasthelibrary.4.DoyouknowhowcanIgetthere?5.Shewonderswhetherwillhecometothemeeting.第三部分参考答案与解析一、单项选择1、A解析：that引导陈述宾语从句，可省。2、C解析：是否，用if/whether。3、C解析：问地点，用where，且用陈述语序。4、B解析：不定式前用whether。5、B解析：与ornot连用，用whether。6、B解析：问方式，用how。7、B解析：客观真理，无论主句过去时，从句用一般现在时goes。8、B解析：问哪一个，用which。9、B解析：是否，用if/whether。10、B解析：介词后只用whether。11、A解析：that引导，可省。12、B解析：主过从过，said后用was。二、填空1、that2、if/whether3、that4、if/whether5、if/whether6、if/whether7、whether8、whether9、that10、which三、句子改错1、wheredoeshelive→wherehelives2、whatishisname→whathisnameis3、wherewasthelibrary→wherethelibrarywas4、howcanIgetthere→howIcangetthere5、whetherwillhecome→whetherhewillcomeUnit4OurMemory（我们的记忆）语法汇总与练习第一部分语法知识点总结一、连接代词与连接副词连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which（在从句中作主语/宾语/表语/定语）。连接副词：when,where,how,why（在从句中作状语）。二、语序铁律宾语从句必须用陈述语序（主+谓）。例：CouldyoutellmehowIcanimprovemymemory?（不用howcanIimprove）三、时态呼应1、主现从实：主句现在时，从句据语境选时态。例：IknowhewenttoBeijingyesterday.2、主过从过：主句过去时，从句用过去范畴时态。例：Shetoldmethatshetooknotesinclass.3、真理从现：客观真理/事实，从句始终一般现在时。例：Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.四、常见句型Couldyoutellme...?/Doyouknow...?/Iwonder...后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，须用陈述语序。第二部分专项巩固练习题一、单项选择（12题）1.Couldyoutellme____Icangettothestation?A.whatB.howC.whichD.that2.Doyouknow____thegirlis?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that3.Iwonder____hewillcomeback.A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that4.Sheasked____bookwasmine.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.what5.Canyoutellme____themeetingbegins?A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that6.Idon'tknow____hediditfor.A.whoB.whomC.whyD.which7.Hetoldme____hewasfromCanada.A.whatB.whereC.whichD.that8.Doyouremember____wemetlasttime?A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that9.Iwanttoknow____thebagis.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.what10.Sheaskedme____Ilikedthesong.A.whatB.whyC.whichD.that11.Couldyoutellme____isinthebox?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how12.Wedon'tknow____theywillgo.A.whatB.whereC.whichD.that二、用适当的疑问词（what/who/whose/which/when/where/how/why）填空（10题）1.Doyouknow____themanis?2.Couldyoutellme____thetrainleaves?3.Iwonder____bookisbetter,thisoneorthatone?4.Sheasked____weshoulddonext.5.Canyoutellme____thepostofficeis?6.Idon'tknow____hewaslate.7.Hetoldus____hewouldcomeback.8.Doyouremember____bagthisis?9.Iwanttoknow____shegoestoschooleveryday.10.Couldyoutellme____IcanimprovemyEnglish?三、句子改错，划出错误并写出正确句子（5题）1.Doyouknowwhereisthebank?2.Iwonderwhatdoeshewant.3.Couldyoutellmewhenwillthetrainleave?4.Sheaskedmewhowasthatman.5.Idon'tknowwhyisheangry.第三部分参考答案与解析一、单项选择1、B解析：问方式，用how，陈述语序。2、A解析：作主语用who（口语中whom亦可）。3、B解析：问时间，用when。4、B解析：问“谁的”，用whose。5、B解析：问时间，用when。6、C解析：问原因，用why。7、B解析：问地点，用where。8、B解析：问时间，用when。9、B解析：问“谁的”，用whose。10、B解析：问原因，用why。11、A解析：问“什么”，用what。12、B解析：问地点，用where。二、填空1、who2、when3、which4、what5、where6、why7、when8、whose9、how10、how三、句子改错1、whereisthebank→wherethebankis2、whatdoeshewant→whathewants3、whenwillthetrainleave→whenthetrainwillleave4、whowasthatman→whothatmanwas5、whyisheangry→whyheisangryUnit5PowerofIdeas（思想的力量）语法汇总与练习Grammar:Passivevoicewithsimplepresentandpasttenses第一部分语法知识点一、被动语态的基本概念1、主动语态与被动语态英语中的语态用来说明主语和动作之间的关系。主动语态强调主语是动作的执行者；被动语态强调主语是动作的承受者。例：Studentscleantheclassroomeveryday.学生每天打扫教室。主语students是动作的执行者。例：Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天被打扫。主语theclassroom是动作的承受者。被动语态的核心结构是“be+过去分词”。其中be体现时态和主语的数，过去分词表示被动含义。2、什么时候使用被动语态第一，当动作的执行者不明确或没有必要说明时使用被动语态；第二，当动作的承受者比执行者更重要时使用被动语态；第三，在说明规则、产品、发明、实验过程和客观事实时，被动语态使用较多。例：Englishisspokeninmanycountries.英语在许多国家被使用。说话重点是English。例：Thetelephonewasinventedin1876.电话发明于1876年。重点是发明本身，而不是发明者。如果需要指出动作的执行者，可以在句末使用“by+执行者”；如果执行者不重要、已知或泛指people,someone等，by短语通常省略。二、一般现在时的被动语态1、基本结构与句式一般现在时的被动语态表示经常发生的被动动作、现行规则、习惯性安排或客观事实，基本结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”。肯定句 主语+am/is/are+done Theroomiscleanedeveryday.否定句 主语+am/is/arenot+done Theroomisnotusedatnight.一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语+done? Istheroomcleanedeveryday?特殊疑问句 疑问词+am/is/are+主语+done? Whenistheroomcleaned?be动词必须与被动句的新主语保持一致。单数名词或不可数名词通常用is，复数名词通常用are，主语I用am。例：ThiskindofteaisgrowninthesouthofChina.这种茶种植于中国南方。例：Thesemachinesarecheckedonceamonth.这些机器每月检查一次。2、常见时间标志和语境一般现在时被动语态常与everyday,usually,often,onceaweek,eachyear,nowadays等时间表达连用，也常用于介绍产品用途、学校规定和固定流程。例：Thelightsareturnedoffafterschooleveryday.每天放学后灯都会被关掉。例：Themachineisusedtocutmetal.这台机器被用来切割金属。三、一般过去时的被动语态1、基本结构与句式一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某个时间发生并完成的被动动作，基本结构为“was/were+过去分词”。肯定句 主语+was/were+done Thebridgewasbuiltin1998.否定句 主语+was/werenot+done Theroadwasnotrepairedyesterday.一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+done? Werethephotostakenhere?特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+done? Whenwasthebridgebuilt?一般过去时被动语态常与yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,in2020,atthattime等明确的过去时间连用。单数主语用was，复数主语用were。例：Thewindowswerebrokeninthestormlastnight.昨晚窗户在暴风雨中被打破了。例：Thefirstcomputerwasdevelopedmanyyearsago.第一台计算机在许多年前被研制出来。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法1、四个基本步骤第一步，找出主动句中的宾语，把它变为被动句的主语；第二步，根据原句时态和新主语确定be的形式；第三步，把原谓语动词变为过去分词；第四步，如有必要，用“by+原主语”说明动作执行者。例：Peoplegrowriceinthisarea.→Riceisgrowninthisarea.人们在这个地区种植水稻。→水稻在这个地区被种植。例：Astormdamagedseveralhouseslastnight.→Severalhousesweredamagedbyastormlastnight.昨晚一场暴风雨损坏了几所房屋。→几所房屋昨晚被暴风雨损坏。转换时必须保持原句的时态不变。一般现在时主动句转换后使用am/is/are+done；一般过去时主动句转换后使用was/were+done。2、过去分词的构成规则动词的过去分词通常与过去式相同，在词尾加‑ed；不规则动词的过去分词需要单独记忆。做题时不能只看到be动词，还要检查后面的动词是否使用了正确的过去分词。build built builtwrite wrote writtentake took takengive gave given五、需要特别注意的被动结构1、短语动词要作为整体使用含有介词或副词的短语动词变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能丢失。例：Thenurseslookaftertheoldmancarefully.→Theoldmanislookedaftercarefullybythenurses.护士们细心照顾这位老人。→这位老人受到护士们的细心照顾。常见结构还有takecareof,talkabout,putoff,turnoff,pulldown等。2、双宾语句的被动语态give,show,send,teach,tell,buy等动词后可以接两个宾语。转换为被动语态时，表示“人”的间接宾语或表示“物”的直接宾语都可以作主语。物作主语时，常需保留to或for。例：Theteachergaveussomeadvice.→Weweregivensomeadvicebytheteacher.老师给了我们一些建议。→我们得到了老师的一些建议。例：Theteachergaveussomeadvice.→Someadvicewasgiventousbytheteacher.一些建议被老师给了我们。3、感官动词和使役动词后的不定式在主动语态中，see,hear,watch,notice和make后可接不带to的动词原形；变为被动语态后，动词原形前的to要恢复。例：Thecoachmadetheplayersrunagain.→Theplayersweremadetorunagainbythecoach.教练让队员们再跑一次。→队员们被要求再跑一次。例：Someonesawhimentertheroom.→Hewasseentoentertheroom.有人看见他进入房间。→他被看见进入了房间。4、不能使用被动语态的情况只有能带宾语的及物动词或及物动词短语才能构成被动语态。happen,takeplace,arrive,come,go,disappear等不及物动词没有宾语，不能直接变为被动语态。belongto虽然含有介词，也通常不用被动语态。错误：Theaccidentwashappenedyesterday. 正确：Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.错误：Themeetingwastakenplaceinthehall. 正确：Themeetingtookplaceinthehall.六、常见固定表达与解题方法1、常见固定表达bemadeof表示“由……制成”，能看出原材料；bemadefrom表示“由……制成”，通常看不出原材料；bemadein表示“在某地制造”；bemadeby表示“由某人制造”；bemadeinto表示“被制成……”。例：Thedeskismadeofwood.这张桌子由木头制成。例：Paperismadefromwood.纸由木材制成。beusedfordoing和beusedtodo都可以表示“被用来做某事”。注意不要与usedtodo“过去常常做某事”混淆。2、一个实用判断公式做题时依次检查：主语是否承受动作；时间是现在还是过去；be是否与主语一致；实义动词是否使用过去分词；短语动词是否完整。核心公式：先看“谁做”还是“谁被做”，再用“正确形式的be+过去分词”。第二部分专项巩固练习题一、单项选择（15题）1.Thiskindofcar____inChina.A.makesB.ismadeC.madeD.wasmaking2.Thebridge____lastyear.A.builtB.isbuiltC.wasbuiltD.builds3.Manytrees____everyyear.A.areplantedB.wereplantedC.plantD.planted4.Theletter____bymyfatheryesterday.A.wroteB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writes5.Theoldman____bythenurses.A.looksafterB.islookedafterC.islookafterD.lookedafter6.Theworkersweremade____tenhoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked7.—Whatisthedesk____?—Wood.A.madeofB.madefromC.madeinD.madeby8.Alotoffood____tothepoorarealastmonth.A.sendB.sentC.wassentD.issent9.Theaccident____yesterday.A.washappenedB.happenedC.ishappenedD.happens10.Thesebooks____byLuXun.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.writeD.wrote11.Thiswatch____inShanghai.A.ismadeB.wasmadeC.makesD.made12.Theroom____everyday.A.cleansB.iscleanedC.cleanedD.wascleaned13.Someflowers____toherbyherclassmates.A.weregivenB.gaveC.giveD.aregiving14.Themeeting____lastFriday.A.washeldB.heldC.isheldD.holds15.Thisknife____cuttingthings.A.usedtoB.isusedforC.isusedtoD.usedfor二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题）1.Thewindows____(clean)everyday.2.Thisbike____(buy)bymyfathertwoyearsago.3.Manynewhouses____(build)now.4.Thesong____(sing)bymanypeopleeveryyear.5.Theletter____(write)lastnight.6.Rice____(grow)inthesouthofChina.7.Thelittleboy____(see)toentertheroomjustnow.8.Thesepictures____(take)inBeijinglastsummer.9.Therule____(notallow)here.10.Anewhospital____(set)uplastyear.三、主动句变被动句（5题）1.PeoplegrowteainFujian.____________________________________2.Theybuiltthehousein2010.____________________________________3.Thenurselooksafterthekidscarefully.____________________________________4.Hegavemeanewpen.（改为两种被动）________________________________________________________________________5.Wemaketheshoesinthisfactory.____________________________________第三部分参考答案与解析一、单项选择1、B解析：一般现在时被动，bemadein表示“在某地制造”。2、C解析：lastyear过去时间，一般过去时被动wasbuilt。3、A解析：everyyear一般现在时，trees复数，areplanted。4、C解析：yesterday过去时，letter和write是被动关系，waswritten。5、B解析：短语动词lookafter被动不能丢介词after，islookedafter。6、B解析：make主动省to，被动必须恢复to，bemadetodo。7、A解析：能看出原材料用bemadeof。8、C解析：lastmonth过去时，food不可数，wassent。9、B解析：happen无被动语态，直接用过去式happened。10、B解析：鲁迅写的书是过去完成的动作，werewritten。11、A解析：说明产品产地，一般现在时被动ismade。12、B解析：everyday一般现在时，room和clean被动，iscleaned。13、A解析：过去发生，flowers复数，weregiven。14、A解析：lastFriday过去时，meeting和hold被动，washeld。15、B解析：beusedfordoing被用来做某事。二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1、arecleaned2、wasbought3、arebuilt4、issung5、waswritten6、isgrown7、wasseen8、weretaken9、isnotallowed10、wasset三、主动句变被动句1、TeaisgrowninFujian.2、Thehousewasbuiltin2010.3、Thekidsarelookedaftercarefullybythenurse.4、Iwasgivenanewpen(byhim).Anewpenwasgiventome(byhim).5、Theshoesaremadeinthisfactory.Unit6BeyondEarth（仰望星空）语法汇总与练习第一部分语法知识点总结一、一般将来时被动语态的结构表示将来发生的被动动作，结构为“willbe+过去分词”，或“am/is/aregoingtobe+过去分词”。例：Aspacestationwillbebuiltnextyear.一座太空站将于明年建成。例：Theworkisgoingtobefinishedsoon.这项工作很快将被完成。二、句式转换肯定句：主语+willbe+done否定句：主语+willnotbe+done一般疑问句：Will+主语+be+done?特殊疑问句：疑问词+will+主语+be+done?例：Willthebridgebebuiltnextmonth?/Whenwillthenewschoolbeopened?三、与一般过去时被动语态对比was/were+done表示过去被动；willbe+done表示将来被动。be动词须与主语数一致。例：Thehousewasbuiltin2010.（过去）/Thehousewillbebuiltnextyear.（将来）四、易错提醒1、将来被动=willbe+过去分词，不可漏掉be。2、短语动词变被动时介词/副词不丢失，如lookafter→belookedafter。3、情态动词被动（should/must/can+be+done）属不同结构，不要与willbedone混淆。第二部分专项巩固练习题一、单项选择（12题）1.Anewbridge____overtherivernextyear.A.willbuildB.willbebuiltC.isbuiltD.builds2.Thework____finishedbyFriday.A.willbeB.willC.isD.was3.____thetrees____plantedtomorrow?A.Will;beB.Are;beC.Will;areD.Do;be4.Theletter____byhimthisevening.A.willwriteB.willbewrittenC.iswrittenD.writes5.Aspacestation____in2030.A.willbuildB.willbebuiltC.buildsD.isbuilt6.Theroom____cleanedsoon.A.willB.willbeC.isD.was7.Thebook____bymanystudentsnextterm.A.willreadB.willbereadC.readsD.isread8.When____thenewhospital____?A.will;bebuiltB.is;builtC.will;buildD.does;build9.Thewindows____washednextweek.A.willB.willbeC.areD.were10.Theproblem____solvedbythecomputer.A.willB.willbeC.isD.was11.Theoldbuilding____downnextmonth.A.willpullB.willbepulledC.pullsD.ispulled12.Theflowers____wateredbyherthisafternoon.A.willB.willbeC.areD.were二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题）1.Thehouse____(build)nextyear.2.Aletter____(write)byhimtomorrow.3.Thework____(finish)soon.4.Thetrees____(plant)thisweekend.5.Thebook____(read)bymanystudents.6.Thewindow____(break)bythewind.7.Themeeting____(hold)nextMonday.8.Thefood____(cook)bymymotherthisevening.9.Thebridge____(repair)nextmonth.10.Thesong____(sing)attheconcert.三、主动句变被动句（5题）1.Theywillbuildanewschoolnextyear.2.Hewillfinishtheworksoon.3.Wearegoingtoplantthetreesthisweekend.4.Shewillwritealetterthisevening.5.TheywillholdameetingnextMonday.第三部分参考答案与解析一、单项选择1、B解析：将来被动willbebuilt。2、A解析：willbefinished。3、A解析：将来被动疑问Will+主语+be+done。4、B解析：今晚将来被动willbewritten。5、B解析：将来被动willbebuilt。6、B解析：willbecleaned。7、B解析：将来被动willberead。8、A解析：疑问Whenwillthenewhospitalbebuilt。9、B解析：willbewashed。10、B解析：willbesolved。11、B解析：willbepulleddown（短语动词不丢down）。12、B解析：willbewatered。二、填空1、willbebuilt2、willbewritten3、willbefinished4、willbeplanted5、willberead6、willbebroken7、willbeheld8、willbecooked9、willberepaired10、willbesung三、主动句变被动句1、Anewschoolwillbebuilt(bythem)nextyear.2、Theworkwillbefinished(byhim)soon.3、Thetreesaregoingtobeplanted(byus)thisweekend.4、Aletterwillbewritten(byher)thisevening.5、Ameetingwillbeheld(bythem)nextMonday.Unit7FeeltheRhythm（感受节奏）语法汇总与练习that、which和who引导的定语从句第一部分语法知识点总结一、什么是定语从句定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作“先行词”，连接先行词和从句的词叫作“关系词”。例：Thegirlwhoissingingonthestageismysister.（正在舞台上唱歌的女孩是我的妹妹）说明：先行词是thegirl，whoissingingonthestage是定语从句。基本结构：先行词+关系代词+定语从句。关系代词既引导从句，又代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。二、关系代词who、which和that的基本用法1、who：先行词指人who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语；在较口语化的表达中也可以作宾语。例：TheteacherwhoteachesusEnglishisverypatient.（教我们英语的老师很有耐心）例：TheboywhoImetyesterdayisTom.（我昨天遇到的男孩是汤姆）说明：who在从句中作met的宾语，口语中可以省略。2、which：先行词指物或动物which指物或动物，可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例：Thebookwhichisonthedeskismine.（桌上的那本书是我的）例：Themoviewhichwewatchedlastnightwasexciting.（我们昨晚看的电影很精彩）3、that：先行词可指人，也可指物或动物that的指代范围较广，既可以指人，也可以指物或动物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。例：Themanthatlivesnextdoorisadoctor.（住在隔壁的那位男士是一名医生）例：Thebikethatmyfatherboughtformeisblue.（爸爸给我买的自行车是蓝色的）关系代词 先行词 在从句中的成分 典型结构who 人 主语；口语中也可作宾语 astudentwhoworkshardwhich 物或动物 主语或宾语 abookwhichisusefulthat 人、物或动物 主语或宾语 thesongthatIlike三、关系代词在从句中作主语还是宾语1、关系代词作主语：不能省略关系代词后面直接跟谓语动词时，关系代词通常在从句中作主语，不能省略。例：Thegirlwhowontheprizeismycousin.说明：who后直接跟won，who是从句主语，不能省略。例：Themachinethatmakesthepartsisveryexpensive.说明：that后直接跟makes，that是从句主语。2、关系代词作宾语：限制性定语从句中常可省略关系代词后面出现“主语+谓语”时，关系代词通常在从句中作宾语，可以省略。例：Thebook(that/which)Iborrowedisveryinteresting.说明：I是从句主语，borrowed是谓语，关系代词作宾语，可以省略。例：Theman(who/that)wevisitedwasveryfriendly.说明：we是从句主语，visited是谓语，关系代词作宾语。判断关键•先看先行词：指人用who/that；指物或动物用which/that。•再看关系代词后面的结构：直接跟动词，多半作主语；后面已有主语，多半作宾语。•作主语不能省略；作宾语在限制性定语从句中通常可以省略。四、常用that的几种情况在下列常见结构中，初中阶段通常优先使用that。1、先行词是不定代词，如all,everything,anything,nothing,something等。例：Everythingthathesaidwastrue.2、先行词被最高级、序数词或theonly、thevery等修饰。例：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.例：Heisthefirststudentthatfinishedthetask.3、先行词中既有人又有物。例：Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthingsthatimpressedusmost.五、不能使用that的常见情况1、介词直接放在关系代词前面“介词+关系代词”结构中，指物用which，指人通常用whom，不能用that。例：Thisisthehouseinwhichheoncelived.例：ThewomanwithwhomItalkedisournewteacher.2、非限制性定语从句中逗号后面的非限制性定语从句通常用who或which，不用that。例：Mybike,whichIboughtlastyear,isstillingoodcondition.第二部分专项巩固练习题一、单项选择（15题）1.Thegirl____isstandingthereismydeskmate.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose2.Thebook____Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whose3.Thisisthebeststory____Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who4.Everything____hetoldmeistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom5.Theman____visitedourschoolisafamousscientist.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what6.Wetalkedabouttheteachersandschools____wehadknown.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what7.Thisisthehousein____helivedtenyearsago.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom8.Theboy____wemetjustnowisTom’sbrother.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose9.Thisisthefirststep____weshouldtake.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who10.Thedog____isrunningoverthereismine.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose11.Thewoman____yousawintheofficeiso