实用高中英语短语与句型词典.doc

实用高中英语短语与句型词典about1. be about sth 忙于做某事，在干某事。如：What are you about? 你在干(忙)什么? He knew what he was about. 他知道自己在干什么。2. be about to do sth(1) 即将，马上(不与具体时间状语连用)。如：Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了起来。(2) 打算，有意(主要见于美国英语中，且主要用于否定句)。如：Im not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。Im not about to stop when Im so close to success. 现在我已接近要成功了，我不打算放弃。above1. above all 首先，最重要的是。如：Above all, he was not honest. 最重要的是他不诚实。But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但现在首先要告诉我要去做什么。2. be above one (ones head) 太高深，无法理解。如：The book is above the boy. 这个孩子读不懂这本书。The lecture was above the heads of most students. 这个讲座大部分学生理解不了。3. get above oneself 自高自大，自命不凡。如：Dont get above yourself. 不要自以为了不起。Now he is getting far above himself. 他现在有变得狂妄了。absence1. in (during) ones absence / in (during) the absence of(1) 当某人不在时。如：Please look after my house in (during) my absence. 我不在的时候，请照看一下我的房子。In the absence of the manager, I shall be in charge. 经理不在时，由我负责。(2) (由于)缺乏某物，在缺乏某物的情况下。如：Plants cannot exist in the absence of oxygen, nor can animals. 植物在无氧情况下不能生存，动物也是一样。He was forced to accept it as true in the absence of other evidence. 由于没有别的证据，他只好认为那是真实的。2. absence of mind 心不在焉。如：Absence of mind may have bad results. 心不在焉可能会导致糟糕的结果。absent1. be absent from 不在，缺席。如：He was absent from the meeting. 他没有参加会议。比较(注意介词不同导致含义的变化)：He is absent from Beijing. 他不在北京(而在别处)。He is absent in Beijing. 他不在这里而在北京。2. absent oneself from 缺席，不在。如：He absented himself from the meeting. 他没有出席会议。Why did you absent yourself from class yesterday? 你昨天为什么没来上课? accident1. by accident 偶然地，无意中。如：I found it by accident. 我是无意中找到它的。Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥伦布偶然发现了美洲大陆。注：by accident 主要用作状语，有时也用作表语。如：Our meeting in Paris was by accident. 我们在巴黎见面是个巧合。2. by accident of 因为的机会，由于的运气。如：By accident of birth, he was rich. 他有幸生在富裕家庭。3. without accident 平安无事地。如：That night passed without accident. 一夜平安无事。The ship arrived there without accident. 船平安到达那儿。according1. according as 根据，随而定(后接从句)。如：Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献。You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评。According as you are studying now, you wont make much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看，你不会有多大的进步。2. according to(1) 根据，按照(主要引出状语)。如：Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。According to my watch it is five oclock. 照我的表，现在是五点钟。Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。注：according to 后一般不接 view(看法)和 opinion(意见)这类词，也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us)。如：依我看，这部电影很不错。正：In my opinion, the film is wonderful. 误：According to my opinion, the film is wonderful. 误：According to me, the film is wonderful. (2) 合乎，符合(主要引出表语)。如：It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。account1. by (from) all accounts 据说，据报道，根据各方面所说。如：He is a great football player, from all accounts. 据说他是个很不了起的足球运动员。Ive never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place. 我从未去过那地方，但听说那地方很好。2. on account of 因为，由于。如：He couldnt come on account of his illness. 他因病不能前来。On account of holiday our store will be closed tomorrow. 由于明天是假日，我们商店停止营业。3. on all accounts (on every account) 总之，无论如何。如：On all accounts you must go. 总之，你一定得去。It is best to stay here on every account. 总之，留在这儿是最好的。4. on no accounts 绝不，无论如何都不。如：My name must on no accounts be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是绝不能向任何人提起的。I will never do such a thing on any account. 无论如何我决不做这样的事。若置于句首，句子要用倒装句式。如：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。5. on ones account 为了某人的缘故。如：Dont put off the meeting on my account. 不要为了我而把会议推迟。I didnt tell her the news on her husband. 由于她丈夫的关系，我没有把这消息告诉她。6. take sth into account 考虑，注意。如：You should take the expenses into account. 你应该把费用考虑进去。When judging his performance, dont take his age into account. 评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。有时 sth 较长，也可放在后面。如：We must take into account the boys long illness. 我们必须考虑到这个孩子已经病了很久。有时也可说成 take account of sth。如：You must take account of this fact. / You must take this fact into account. 你必须考虑到这个事实。act1. act as (临时)担任，充当，起的作用。如：A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person. 经过训练的狗可以担任盲人的向导。表示担任独一无二的职务，其前通常不用冠词。如：He acted as manager in my absence. 我不在时他担任经理。I dont understand their language; youll have to act asinterpreter. 我不懂他们的语言，你得当翻译了。2. act for 代理(某人职务)，代为(处理某事)。如：Please act for me during my absence. 我不在时请代理我处理事务。I acted for our captain while he was in hospital. 我们队长住院时由我代理他。3. act out (用手势和语言)表演出来。如：Lets act out the story of the three bears once more. 让我们再把这三只熊的故事表演一次吧。4. act on (upon) 对起作用，对有效。如：The drug acts on the stomach. 这药对胃有效。Alcohol acts on the nervous system. 酒精对人的神经系统有影响。5. in the act (of) 当场，正在动作时。如：He was in the very act of starting. 他正准备动身。He was caught in the act (of reading my private letters). 他(在读我的私信时)被当场抓住。action1. in action 在活动中，在进行中，在运转中，在战斗中。如：Ive heard hes an excellent player but Ive never seen him in action. 我听说他是位高手，但还从未实地见过。The machine is now in action. 机器正在运转。He was killed in action in France. 他在法国阵亡。2. out of action 失去作用，出故障，不中用。如：The engine is out of action. 发动机出了故障。Ive been out of action for several weeks with a broken leg. 我的腿摔折了，已经好几个星期没有工作了。3. take action 采取行动。如：I felt that it was time for me to take action. 我感到是我该采取行动的时候了。Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading. 必须采取行动阻止火势蔓延。afford 1. afford sth 出得起(钱或时间等)做某事。如：I cant afford so much money. 我出不起那么多钱。At least we can are able to afford a house! 至少我们还买得起一幢房子吧。2. afford to do sth 出得起(钱或时间等)做某事。如：We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起那么高的价。Can you afford to lend me some money? 你能借出一些钱给我吗? 注：以上两类结构通常都与 can, be able to 等连用，且两者有时可互换。如：I cant afford (to buy) a new coat. 我买不起新外套。How can you afford (to spend) the money for a car? 你怎么有钱去小汽车呢? afraid1. be afraid of sth (sb) 害怕某事(某人)。如：Are you afraid of dogs? 你害狗吗? Theres nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可害怕的。比较：He is afraid of her. 他怕她。He is afraid with her. 跟她在一起时，他很害怕。2. be afraid of doing sth(1) 担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生)。如：She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤害她的感情。注：be afraid of doing sth 表示担心会发生某事或某情况时，其后也可用 be afraid that 替换。如：He was afraid of losing face. He was afraid (that) hed lose face. 他怕失面子。(2) 害怕做某事或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢)。如：Im afraid of telling her. 我不敢告诉她。He was afraid of jumping. 他不敢跳。3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事或不敢做某事。如：He was afraid to fly in a plane. 他不敢坐飞机。He was afraid to go into the house and meet his father. 他不敢进屋去见他父亲。注：以上两类句型的异同之处：表示担心会发生某事或某情况，只能用 be afraid of doing sth, 而表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事等，则两者都可用。如：Dont be afraid to ask of asking question. 不要害怕问问题。He is afraid to go out of going out alone at night. 他不敢晚上一个人出去。after1. after all (尽管)到底，毕竟，究竟。如：I was right after all. 毕竟是我对。Im so sorry. I cant come after all. 对不起，我还是不能来。2. be after sth (sb) 追求，寻求