ipunnumbered命令配置.docx

Ip unnumbered 命令、配置“借用IP地址”实际就是：一个接口上没有配置IP地址，但是还想使用该接口。就向其它有IP地址的接口借一个IP地址来。如果被借用接口有多个IP地址，只能借来主IP地址。如果被借用接口没有IP地址，则借用接口的IP地址为。该功能通过Ip unnumbered命令来实现。例子： loopback0 /24R1R2loopback0 /24实验说明： 通过二层PPP封装可以实现地址借用，地址借用可节省可用IP地址，本实验R1，R2 串口不配地址，通过ppp封装，可借用内网IP地址，loopback口模拟内网。实验要求： 通过借用地址让两台路由器之间可正常通信。实验过程：第一步：配置R1R2预配置RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hos R1R1(config)#no ip domain-looR1(config)#line con 0R1(config-line)#no exec-tR1(config-line)#logg synR1(config-line)#endR1#RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hos R2R2(config)#no ip domain-looR2(config)#line con 0R2(config-line)#no exec-tR2(config-line)#logg synR2(config-line)#endR2#第二步：配置内网接口地址and封装串口与地址借用R1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#int loo 0R1(config-if)#R1(config-if)#ip add /模拟内网地址R1(config-if)#exiR1(config)#int s 2/1R1(config-if)#en ppp /封装接口地址pppR1(config-if)# R1(config-if)#ip unnR1(config-if)#ip unnumbered loo 0 /借用内网loopback地址R1(config-if)#no shR1(config-if)#endR1#R2#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R2(config)#int loo 0R2(config-if)#ip add R2(config-if)#exiR2(config)#int s 2/1R2(config-if)#en pppR2(config-if)#ip unnR2(config-if)#ip unnumbered l*Jul 18 14:38:00.579: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/1, changed state to upR2(config-if)#ip unnumbered loo 0R2(config-if)#第三步：查看接口并测试R1#sh run int s 2/1Building configuration.Current configuration : 95 bytes!interface Serial2/1 ip unnumbered Loopback0 encapsulation ppp serial restart-delay 0endR2#sh run int s 2/1Building configuration.Current configuration : 95 bytes!interface Serial2/1 ip unnumbered Loopback0 encapsulation ppp serial restart-delay 0endR1#sh ip int bInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolFastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial2/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial2/1 YES TFTP up up Serial2/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial2/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial3/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial3/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial3/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial3/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Loopback0 YES manual up up /可以看出串口地址借用的是内网loopback地址第四步：ping测试R1 R2之间的连通性R1#ping Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to , timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/72/116 ms/连通性正常IP unnumbered配置一般而言，每个逻辑接口都要配置一个独立的IP，然而IOS是支持在串行接口（点到点）配置IP unnumbered 命令，这个命令的作用可以使串行接口，“借用”另外一个接口的IP，作用是节省IP地址分配，在实际中，见于拨号网络的接入设备，因访问服务器同时给很多个用户拨入，如果每个用户对应的接口都要IP地址的话，配置管理任务较多，而且需耗费较多IP地址。R2 (config)#interface loopback 0R2 (config-if)#ip address R2 (config-if)#no shutR2 (config-if)#interface serial 1R2 (config-if)#ip unnumbered loopback 0R1(config)#interface loopback 0R1(config-if)#ip addR1(config-if)#ip address R1(config-if)#interface serial 1R1(config-if)#ip unnumbered loopback 0R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000以上配置已经使R1和R2连接同步串行接口借用了各自环回口IP地址，注意，以太网接口时无法借用IP的：R1(config)#interface ethernet 0R1(config-if)#ip unnumbered loopback 0Point-to-point (non-multi-access) interfaces only在这种配置下，可以查看接口IP情况如下：Serial1 is up, line protocol is upHardware is HD64570Interface is unnumbered. Using address of Loopback0 ()R2#show interfaces serial 1Serial1 is up, line protocol is upHardware is HD64570Interface is unnumbered. Using address of Loopback0 ()接下来，我们验证在，无编号（ip unnumbered）接口运行路由协议的情况：（1） RIPR1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#network R2#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set /8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksR /32 120/1 via , 00:00:08, Serial1R /8 120/1 via , 00:00:08, Serial1 /24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC is directly connected, Loopback0R1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set /24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC is directly connected, Loopback0 /8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksR /32 120/1 via , 00:00:06, Serial1R /8 120/1 via , 00:00:06, Serial1可见，R1从R2学习到主类网络路由及子网，但因为RIPv1通告未携带子网掩码信息，R1把安装成/32的路由，如果是运行RIPv2就没有这个路由，RIP的这个问题在后面对应的实验里面分析。在这里我们只验证连通性：R1#ping Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to , timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/33/36 ms（2） 运行eigrpR2(config)#no router ripR2(config)#router eigrp 100R2(config-router)#network 55R1(config)#no router ripR1(config)#router eigrp 100R1(config)#router eigrp 100R1(config-router)#network 55查看邻居关系及路由表R1#show ip eigrp neighborsIP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num0 Se1 13 00:00:47 494 2964 0 2R1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set /24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC is directly connected, Loopback0 /24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsD 90/2297856 via , 00:01:11, Serial1R1#ping Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to , timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/32/36 ms（3） 运行OSPF，先关闭EIGRPR1(config)#no router eigrp 100R1(config)#router ospf 100R1(config-router)#network 55 area 0R1(config-router)#interface loo0R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point /ospf通告的环回口默认是/32的主机路由，用这条命令可清除。R2(config)#no router eigrp 100R2(config)#router ospf 100R2(config-router)#network 55 area 0R2(config-router)#interface loo0R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-pointR2#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP