天津高考英语专题二完形填空第二节三说明文优选习题.docx

三、说明文Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in 1 .He knows what he wants，and his 2 is to find it and buy it.All men 3 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(库存)，the deal can be done and 4 is completed in less than five minutes，with hardly any chat to everyones 5 .For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In that 6 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer something elsehe 7 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代品) 8 ；he may say，“I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It 9 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 10 with this treatment，and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size，but I shouldnt be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.”For a woman，buying clothes is always done in the 12 way.Her shopping is not often 13 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，and she is only “having a look around”.She is always 14 to persuasion，willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 15 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 16 .Faced with a roomful of dresses，a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another 17 selecting the dress she wants to 18 .It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) 19 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 .1.A.detail B.hurryC.advance D.mind答案C解析根据下句“He knows what he wants.”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(in advance)就决定好了。2.A.advice B.goalC.demand D.question答案B解析既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice建议；demand要求；question问题。3.A.quickly B.immediatelyC.soon D.simply答案D解析所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的东西。quickly迅速地；immediately立即；soon不久。4.A.often B.constantlyC.normally D.finally答案A解析如果商店有现货就可以进行交易，交易过程常常(often)在不到5分钟之内就可完成，几乎没有闲聊且皆大欢喜(to everyones satisfaction)。constantly不停地；normally正常地，一般地；finally最后。5.A.confidence B.amusementC.satisfaction D.surprise答案C解析解析见上题。confidence信心；amusement娱乐；satisfaction满意；surprise惊奇。6.A.time B.eventC.situation D.case答案D解析如果那样的话(in that case)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西售货员会把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。7.A.gives B.offersC.presents D.delivers答案B解析解析见上题。give给予；present赠送，呈现；deliver送(货)。8.A.skillfully B.attentivelyC.actively D.carefully答案A解析好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively认真地；actively积极地；carefully仔细地。9.A.occurs B.happensC.comes D.takes答案B解析先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。10.A.patience B.interestC.expectation D.experience答案A解析根据上文男士购物特点的介绍可知：很少的男士会对这种服务有耐心(patience)。interest兴趣；expectation期待；experience经验。11.A.losing B.spendingC.giving D.wasting答案D解析这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。lose丢失；spend花费；give给予。12.A.same B.cleverC.opposite D.similar答案C解析对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same相同的；clever聪明的；similar相似的。13.A.relied B.basedC.done D.related答案B解析女士购物经常不是基于需要。be based on基于；be relied on被依赖。没有be done on和be related on结构。14.A.open B.readyC.close D.happy答案A解析根据后半句中的“.willing to try on any number of things.”可知，女士总是乐于接受(be open to)劝导。没有be ready to sth. 和be happy to sth. 句式，故排除B、D两项；be close to sth. 接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。15.A.nobody B.somebodyC.everybody D.anybody答案C解析在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everyone)都认为适合她的东西。anybody常用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody和somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。16.A.deal B.surpriseC.luck D.bargain答案D解析根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货(bargain)很留意。deal交易；surprise惊奇；luck运气。17.A.after B.asC.before D.by答案C解析面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(try on)的衣服。18.A.try on B.try outC.try up D.try for答案A解析参考上题解析。19.A.tiring B.enjoyableC.boring D.graceful答案B解析这个过程很烦人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。20.A.customers B.assistantsC.wives D.husbands答案D解析男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。一、题型解读说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。 与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空有如下命题特点：1.文章多用现在时态。 说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述。 说明文的目的是要帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实，易于理解，内容客观真实。3.文章主题明确，层次分明。 高考说明文类完形填空往往文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供有利条件。 而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。二、解题技巧1.明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。 在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。2.弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。 把握了说明顺序能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。While traveling，you might have stayed at a hotel or a family members house.But have you ever thought about staying in a strangers 1 ？This might sound 2 ，but its actually a trend thats becoming popular around the world，including China.Lodging rental(借宿出租) companies like Airbnb are helping people look for cheap ways to 3 .This website allows people to rent out their 4 rooms or apartments as an alternative to 5 in over 190 countries.Created by young American men Brian Chesky，Joe Gebbia and Nathan Blecharczyk，Airbnb is a good example of a 6 economy.Through the Internet，people share 7 such as cars，apartments and 8 their expertise. 9 post information about the location，prices，descriptions and pictures.Guests can go to the 10 and find their favorite place to stay.Users 11 their opinions on their stay so that people know whether a place is good or not.A man in New York named Jonathan Powley even rents out his 12 for 22 (140 yuan) per night through Airbnb.This is no 13 car.Powley took out the car seats and changed the 14 to look more welcoming.He keeps it clean and puts flowers in it every day.He provides snacks and tells travelers where they can go and shower.But Airbnb does have some 15 .Sometimes you end up living with a stranger or it is not as 16 as it looked like online. 17 ，hosts sometimes get mad when they get home and its a complete 18 .In China，Airbnb operates in five 19 including Beijing and Shanghai.The country has seen a major 20 in Airbnb users in the past year.语篇解读文章主要讲述了现在社会流行的一种趋势，越来越多的人使用Airbnb分享资源，并指出了它所存在的一些问题。1.A.office B.campC.home D.garden答案C解析句意为：但是你有没有想过住在陌生人的家里。office办公室；camp露营；home家；garden花园。故选C。2.A.great B.amazingC.dangerous D.strange答案D解析句意为：这听起来有些奇怪。great伟大的；amazing令人惊异的；dangerous危险的；strange奇怪的。故选D。3.A.travel B.playC.walk D.live答案A解析句意为：像Airbnb这样的住宿租赁公司正在帮助人们寻找便宜的旅行方式。travel旅行；play游戏；walk散步；live生活。故选A。4.A.new B.privateC.spare D.separate答案C解析句意为：这个网站允许人们出租空余的房间或公寓，在超过190个国家里作为酒店的替代选择。new新的；private私人的；spare空余的；separate单独的。故选C。5.A.shops B.hotelsC.restaurants D.homes答案B解析句意为：这个网站允许人们出租空余的房间或公寓，在超过190个国家城作为酒店的替代选择。shop商店；hotel酒店；restaurant餐厅；home家。故选B。6.A.sharing B.differentC.fresh D.commercial答案A解析由下文的share可知，此处指的是分享经济。sharing分享的，公用的；different不同的；fresh新鲜的；commercial商业的。故选A。7.A.objects B.roomsC.resources D.experiences答案C解析句意为：通过互联网，人们共享资源，如汽车、公寓，甚至他们的专业知识。object物体；room房间；resource资源；experience经历。故选C。8.A.still B.yetC.always D.even答案D解析句意参见上题解析。still仍然；yet然而；always一直，总是；even甚至。故选D。9.A.Hosts B.TravelersC.Guests D.Sellers答案A解析句意为：寄主发布关于位置、价格、描述和图片的信息。host主人，寄主；traveler旅行者；guest客人；seller卖方。故选A。10.A.company B.websiteC.hotel D.agent答案B解析由文章第三段中的“This website”可知，此处指客人们可以到网站去找他们最喜欢的地方。company公司；website网站；hotel旅馆；agent代理人。故选B。11.A.show B.postC.put D.deliver答案B解析句意为：用户发布他们的意见，让人们知道一个地方是好还是坏。前文的post亦是提示。show显示，说明；post发布；put放；deliver递送。故选B。12.A.expertise B.car seatsC.apartment D.taxi答案D解析句意为：纽约一位名叫乔纳森波利的男子甚至以每晚22美元的价格出租他的出租车。expertise专门知识；car seats汽车座椅；apartment公寓；taxi出租车。下句“This is no car.”也是提示。故选D。13.A.ordinary B.comfortableC.terrible D.special答案A解析句意为：这不是一辆普通的车。由后边波利对它进行改装可知。ordinary普通的；comfortable舒服的；terrible可怕的；special特别的。故选A。14.A.outside B.insideC.size D.shape答案B解析句意为：波利拿出汽车座椅，改变了车的内部使之看起来更加受欢迎。outside外观；inside内部，内侧；size尺寸；shape形状。故选B。15.A.regulations B.reasonsC.problems D.advantages答案C解析句意为：但Airbnb确实存在一些问题。regulation条例，规则；reason原因；problem问题；advantage优势。故选C。16.A.nice B.cheapC.bad D.real答案A解析句意为：有时，你和陌生人住在一起，或者它并不像网上看起来那么好。nice好的；cheap便宜的；bad坏的；real真实的。故选A。17.A.Also B.InsteadC.Though D.Therefore答案A解析由上文语境“你可能会跟陌生人住在一起”和下文“房主可能发疯”之间存在并列关系。都指Airbnb可能带来的问题。also而且；instead代替；though尽管；therefore因此。故选A。18.A.surprise B.tripC.mess D.joy答案C解析surprise惊奇；trip旅行；mess混乱；joy欢乐。由语境可知，以上四个选项中只有C项能使房主发疯。故选C。19.A.projects B.citiesC.businesses D.agents答案B解析句意为：在中国，Airbnb在包括北京和上海等五个城市运营。project项目，工程；city城市；business商业；agent代理。故选B。20.A.shift B.dropC.trend D.increase答案D解析由上文第二段中的“trend”“popular”也可知，此处指在过去的一年里，Airbnb的用户数量大幅增长。shift移动，变化；drop落下；trend趋势，倾向；increase增长。故选D。题型组合练(三).单项填空1.All of us have the desire to visit the three main temples in Aliens，especially contains a gold and ivory statue of Athena.A.one B.one thatC.the one D.the one that答案D解析句意为：我们所有人都渴望参观雅典的三大神庙，尤其是那座由金子和象牙做的雅典娜雕像。the one代替the temple，用定冠词the表特指；the one后接关系代词that引导的定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语，不能省略。故选D。2.Can you explain Chinas football team failed again in the attempt for the World Cup?I am sorry，but this is the last time.We will behave ourselves.A.why is it that B.why it is thatC.how it is that D.how is it that答案B解析句意为：你能否解释中国足球队为何又没能进入世界杯？对不起，这是最后一次了。我们会好好表现的。根据句意可知询问的是“原因”，因此排除C、D项。强调句的特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词is (was) it that.？”，故选B。3.Johnson is feeling a bit after last nights get-together.Well，he must have drunk himself stupid during it and he should have a rest.A.distant B.fragileC.empty D.weird答案B解析句意为：昨晚联欢会之后，约翰逊觉得有点虚弱。嗯，他一定是喝多了，应该休息一下。distant遥远的；fragile虚弱的；empty空的；weird奇怪的。故选B。4.Sam，can you tell me what IRL means?It means “in real life”， talking with someone on the Internet or over the phone.A.in response to B.in relation toC.in proportion to D.as opposed to答案D解析句意为：Sam，你能告诉我IRL是什么意思吗？它的意思是“在现实生活中”，与通过互联网或电话与人交谈正好相反。in response to对作出反应；in relation to与有关系；in proportion to与成比例；as opposed to与相反。故选D。5.Tu Youyou won the 2016 State Preeminent Science and Technology Award for her work against parasitic diseases.She deserves it.The consequences improved human health and reduced suffering are immeasurable.A.in honor of B.in terms ofC.in defense of D.in hopes of答案B解析句意为：屠呦呦因对寄生虫病的研究而获得2016年国家最高科学技术奖。她应该获得这个奖项。她在改善人类健康和减少痛苦方面的成果是无法估量的。in honor of为了向表示敬意；in terms of就而言；in defense of为辩护；in hopes of希望。故选B。6.When people talk about the of something，they are referring to the way in which its various parts are put together and arranged.A.conclusion B.accommodationC.composition D.evaluation答案C解析句意为：当人们谈论某事的组成时，他们指的是把它的各个部分放在一起排列的方式。conclusion结论；accommodation住处；composition组成；evaluation估价。故选C。7.There are now signs，following the decline in house prices in many small and medium-sized cities， house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.A.that B.whereC.which D.what答案A解析句意为：现在有迹象表明，随着许多中小城市房价的下跌，各大城市的房价也可能出现下滑。本题为同位语从句，先行词是signs(迹象)，从句中不缺少任何成分，所以用连接词that引导该同位语从句，故选A。8.Macron，handsome and talented，is the youngest person ever to be elected as President of France.Dont you think he is a real role model for us young man?Yeah，maybe.But rumor has it that he went after he married Brigitte Trogneux,24 years his senior.A.carrot and stick B.ups and downsC.from rags to riches D.out of the blue答案C解析句意为：马克龙，英俊且才华横溢，是有史以来当选的最年轻的法国总统。你不认为他是我们年轻人真正的榜样吗？是的，也许。但有传闻说他是在娶了年长他24岁的布里吉特特罗涅后才由贫致富的。carrot and stick软硬兼施；ups and downs起起伏伏；from rags to riches由贫致富；out of the blue出其不意。故选C。9.The British increased control over their American colonies，soldiers there to ensure that the Americans would obey them.A.stationed B.to be stationedC.being stationed D.were stationed答案A解析句意为：英国加强了对美国殖民地的控制，驻扎在那里的士兵确保美国人服从他们。分析句子结构可知，此处为独立主格结构。“逻辑主语过去分词”在句中作状语。故选A。10.It was human errors，rather than the natural disaster， for the death of so many innocent people in the landslide at an industrial park in Shenzhen.A.which is blamedB.that is to blameC.which are blamedD.that are to blame答案D解析句意为：在深圳的一个工业园区发生了山体滑坡，造成许多无辜者死亡是人为的错误，而不是自然灾害。这是一个强调句：it is/was强调部分that其它，所以要用that；因为由rather than(而不是)连接的主语与前一部分一致，所以要用are，故选D。11.Excuse me，I wonder if you can help me.I my ID card.But where did you lose it?A.have lost B.lostC.had lost D.lose答案A解析表示过去的动作对现在的影响，过去丢了钥匙，导致现在我需要求助别人，用现在完成时。12.There are certain historic occasions are likely to remind people of what happened in the past and set people reflecting on them.A.when B.thatC.where D.what答案B解析句意为：有些历史性的场合很可能会提醒人们过去发生的事情，并引起人们对他们的反思。定语从句，先行词是occasions(场合)，指事物，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that；而when和where是关系副词，what不引导定语从句，故选B。13.Everyone in the tourist industry has made the point that Government assistance is helpful，what they actually need most is for the visitors themselves to return.A.as B.when C.while D.since答案C解析句意为：从事旅游业的每个人都强调了这一点，尽管政府的援助确实有帮助，但是他们真正需要的是让游客自己回来。while引导让步状语从句时，相当于though和although，表示“尽管”，故选C。14.I that the experience I was heading for was anything but boring，had I read the brochure carefully.A.realized B.had realizedC.would realize D.would have realized答案D解析句意为：如果我仔细阅读了这本小册子，我就会知道我将体验的经历绝不无聊。从句had I read the brochure carefully相当于if I had read the brochure carefully，与过去事实相反，因此主句谓语用should/would/could/mighthave done结构。故选D。15.I lost five pounds just after a month on this new diet.Its definitely worth a try.Right， .I badly need to get in shape for my school reunion.A.it beats me B.I dont buy itC.just cant help it D.youve sold it to me答案D解析句意为：在节食一个月后，我瘦了五磅。这绝对值得一试。好吧，我相信你。为了同学聚会我需要减肥。it beats me这难住我了；I dont buy it我不相信；just cant help it我忍不住了；youve sold it to me我相信你。故选D。.完形填空When wheelchair-bound Justin Skeesuck told his best friend，Patrick Gray，that hed like to trek a 500-mile ancient route through the Pyrenees mountains and deserts of northern Spain，the idea seemed crazy.“Ill 16 you，” Gray said gladly.“ 17 you have limits in your life，they dont have to define who you are.Nothing is 18 for a brave heart，” added Gray.Skeesuck felt himself sliding into a 19 depression about two years ago when he lost the use of his legs and hands in a traffic 20 .“I had two 21 .I could choose to go down this dark road 22 I could choose to make the best of it and 23 my life.I chose the latter.I believe I could still 24 something，” Skeesuck said.Skeesuck is an enthusiastic 25 .He was wondering what to do with his life when a friend mentioned he could help other 26 people like him learn to travel.He wanted to 27 the idea.The 28 took five weeks.The hardest part was on the second day when they crossed from France over the Pyrenees into Spain.The 4,000-feet ascent(上坡) 29 for 10 miles，much of it being rocky.Gray had to carry Skeesuck on his back.After reaching the top，a 30 thing happened.The front wheel of Justins wheelchair broke off. 31 ，a stranger came to help.The Spanish man helped them to a nearby village，where he had the wheelchair 32 .When they arrived at the destination，they found not only their wives waiting to 33 them but a crowd of hundreds，many of whom they had just met along the way.Skeesuck said，“I am so cheerful to see so many people love me and 34 me all the way.With love，amazing things 35 happen.”16.A.encourage B.pushC.carry D.teach答案B解析由第一段中的“wheelchair-bound Justin Skeesuck”及下文提到“Skeesuck felt himself sliding into a depression about two years ago when he lost the use of his legs and hands in a traffic .”说明Skeesuck是一位失去双腿和双手的坐在轮椅上的残疾人，如果要去长途跋涉必须要人推着，因此，此空填入push。17.A.As if B.As long asC.Even if D.The moment答案C解析as if好像；as long as只要；even if即使；the moment一就。根据“ you have limits in your life，they dont have to define who you are.”可知，即使生活中有局限，但是他们不可以定义你是谁。18.A.impolite B.impossibleC.improper D.incorrect答案B解析impolite不礼貌的；impossible不可能的；improper不恰当的；incorrect不正确的。根据“Nothing is for a brave heart”可知，对于一颗勇敢的心来说，一切皆有可能。19.A.blue B.whiteC.red D.dark答案D解析根据常识及空后的“depression about two years ago when he lost the use of his legs”可知，失去了双腿让Justin Skeesuck患上了严重的抑郁。dark depression为固定搭配，意为“严重的抑郁”。20.A.accident B.surveyC.jam D.program答案A解析根据上文“he lost the use of his legs”可知是遇到了车祸。21.A.opportunities B.choicesC.excuses D.friends答案B解析根据下文“I could choose to go down this dark road I could choose to make the best of it”可知，此时Justin Skeesuck有两个选择。22.A.then B.andC.or D.but答案C解析根据“I could choose to go down this dark road I could choose to make the best of it”可知，这是两个之中选择的关系，用or。23.A.retell B.recycleC.remove D.reshape答案D解析根据上文“I could choose to make the best of it”可知，可以选择充分利用此次机会重新塑造自我。retell复述；recycle回收；remove去除；reshape重塑。24.A.achieve B.learnC.see D.mix答案A解析根据上文“I chose the latter.I believe I could still something”可知，Justin Skeesuck选择了后者，要成为有意义的人。25.A.painter B.hunterC.traveler D.speaker答案C解析根据“help other people like him learn to travel”可知Skeesuck是一个充满热情的旅行者。26.A.old B.disabledC.young D.healthy答案B解析根据空后的people like him可知是帮助像他这样的残疾人。27.A.rule out B.cut outC.try out D.give out答案C解析rule out排除；cut out裁剪，停止；try out尝试；give out分发，停止。根据“He wanted to the idea.”可知，他想尝试这个主意。28.A.voyage B.experimentC.party D.trip答案D解析根据前文提到他想帮助像