2011年大学英语六级辅导.doc

2011年大学英语六级辅导：倒装语法精要全部倒装和部分倒装: 如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:Here are some registered letters for you.In came a man with a white beard.在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面:Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.I couldnt answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.”I am quite willing to help and so are the others.He didnt drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.“I wont do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”当句首状语为 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.No longer are they staying with us.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为 go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.There comes the bus!Now comes your turn.1.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:There comes your turn.有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装:Here is Chinas largest tropical forest.Here are some picture-books.2.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:Here we are. This is the new railway station.“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”3.表语和系动词提前:介词短语: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.形容词: Very important in the farmers life is the radio weather report.Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.副词: Below is a restaurant.Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.分词: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.Standing beside the table was an interpreter.6) 句首状语若由 only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadnt done a very good repair job either.2011四六级写作高分技巧：掌握评卷得分要点一、语言第一位四、六级写作重点考查考生的英语表达能力。阅卷老师最重视的是语言，考生最需要提高的也是语言。有的同学以为使用一些高难词汇就能取得高分，其实不然。中英文写作都讲究“平淡如水”、“简洁就是美”、“绚烂之极，归于平淡”。美国作家海明威经常使用小学词汇，但他是诺贝尔文学奖的得主，可见语言的好坏不在词藻的华丽与否，而在于使用得是否得当。中学词汇用好了，完全可以取得各种英语写作考试的满分。当然基础较好的同学，恰当使用高难词汇有助于提高分数。但是不要盲目追求难度，“与其写一个错误的复杂句，不如写一个正确的简单句。”四、六级写作话题、观点和字数都有严格限制，它只是一个展示你英语书面表达能力的平台。因此，考生应该把构思的时间减到最少，把主要精力放在推敲语言上，力争将语法、拼写、标点等低级错误降至最低，力求用词用句准确恰当，表达地道。这样，即便没有使用高难词汇和句型，也可以保证稳得及格分数。切记作文不是口语，语言永远第一，它决定了得分高下。阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判：1、基本正确四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。2、丰富多变基础较好的同学，要想取得四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换(无法替换的关键词除外)。例如：think可以替换为reckon, assume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右;六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般1520词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调;复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。二、高分真经1、背诵背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：(1)精彩词汇，(2)精彩句型，(3)精彩句子，(4)万能框架，(5)经典范文。注意句子和句型不一样，精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容。语言学习有两个关键词输入(INPUT)和输出(OUTPUT)。听力和阅读属于输入，考生处于被动状态，只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多，容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出，考生必须变被动为主动，这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入，很难进行自由输出。四、六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文，共计120或150余字，很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文，大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在?俗话说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。”同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作，可以随意组合，自由输出。然而，在英语学习中，多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读，很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入，写作才始终处于“挤牙膏”状态，想一句说一句，说一句翻译一句。提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。有的同学问我，说自己背过很多英文文章，但上了考场还是大脑一片空白，什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见，主要有两个原因：一是没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质，再求量。大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好?关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。2、默写背完经典范文后，进行默写。然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过：“Writing makes an exact man。”(写作使人精确。)只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。3、中译英中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型?你使用了哪些词汇和句型?学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。4、写作模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。上述的高分策略是提高四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段，可勤查语法书和字典等工具书，背记常用词和短语，以扩大词汇量，拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义，并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取“回避政策”，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。六级阅读难点关键句200之一阅读难点关键句200之一(中英对照)1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.11. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.12. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.13. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earths postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.18. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19. The first time that the question “ What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.20. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.第一部分(1-20句译文)1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。2、但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的孩子不要坐在前排，除非他们系好了安全带。3、当然，如果有以下情况你可以不系安全带：你在倒车时，或者你用一种特殊交通工具进行当地的货物运送、收集时，或者你有合法的医学证明你不能系安全带时。4、注意你如果不这么做(系安全带)的话，你有可能被告上法庭，而且你有可能被处以罚款除非你能证明你有不带安全带的理由。5、Taiju Matsuzawa 教授想找出为什么日本北部的健康农民在相对年轻的年龄就显得开始失去思考与推理的能力的原因以及怎样才能延缓老化过程。6、在东京国立大学的同事们的帮助下，他开始对一千来自不同职业的人群进行了大脑体积的测量。7、计算机技术帮助研究人员获得人脑前部和侧部的准确体积，这是与人的智能和情绪有关的部分，而且也决定人的性格特点。8、有的人(大脑)前部和侧部的收缩随着细胞的死亡在三十多岁时就能被观察到了，但是也有些人直到六七岁依然不明显。9、研究结果表明在农村的人大脑收缩基本上比城市里的人要早。10、在政府部门从事简单重复工作的白领也像农场工人、公共汽车司机和商店职员一样大脑细胞容易收缩。11、我们知道你们很看重你们在大学里面教育的学习方法，而且我们的年轻人与你们生活的花费即使对于你们来说也不便宜。12、但是你们也要明白不同的民族看待事物有不同的方法，所以如果刚好我们的看法与你们的不一样的话，你们也不应觉的被冒犯了。13、当然，对于你们的盛情我们没有被逼迫的感觉，尽管我们拒绝接受。而且，为了表示我们的感谢，如果维吉利亚洲的绅士们愿意派来一些他们的子弟的话，我们会尽全力教育他们，并把他们培养成为真正的男人。14、在这个像是计算机史前时代的时代，地球的战后时代，人们普遍担忧有一天计算机会取代人类控制世界。15、今天或者不到五十年后，计算机将越来越多的减轻人们的工作事务和日常琐事。我们也将面对一个没有什么戏剧性和更不可预测的问题。16、显然，如果你不得不检查计算机提供的所有答案的话，对它投资就没有任何意义了。但是当人们觉的计算机确实出了一些问题的时候，应该靠自己内部的“计算机”来检查机器。17、当然牛顿在他的作品中写到了一些理论方面的东西，但他不愿进行更加深刻的研究。18、除了一些洲际旅行者和以大海为生的人，对于大多数人来说，大海是遥远的，没有什么必要提出太多问题，更别说思考大海海底的东西了。19、当铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报光缆的时候，出于商业动机，人们第一次不得不回答这个问题“海底是什么东西”。20、在早期的尝试中，光缆铺设失败，不得不取出来维修。这时人们发现上面覆盖有生物，这推翻了当时科学界认为深海没有生命的理论。2011年六级写作句子模板和套句汇总2011年六级写作句子模板和套句(1)套句总结开头Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern.最近,问题已引起人们的关注.Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题.Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了.It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that人们一般认为Many people insist that很多人坚持认为With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为A lot of people seem to think that很多人似乎认为引出不同观点:Peoples views on vary from person to person. Some hold that . However, others believe that.人们对的观点因人而异.有些人认为.然而其他人却认为.People may have different opinions on人们对可能会有不同的见解.Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.There are different opinions among people as to关于. 人们的观点大不相同.Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure).对(失败)人们的态度各不相同.2011年六级写作句子模板和套句(2)结尾部分Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that因此,我们最好得出这样的结论There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.All in all, we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之,我们没有是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.提出建议:It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.It is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of 该是采纳的建议,并对的进展给予特殊重视的时候了.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of 毫无疑问,对问题应予以足够的重视.Obviously,. If we want to do something , it is essential that显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是Only in this way can we 只有这样,我们才能It must be realized that 我们必须意识到预示后果:Obviously, if we dont control the problem, the chances are that will lead us in danger.很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.2011年六级写作句子模板和套句(3)百变句子开头使你的句型多变1.以同位语作为句子的开头。The most popular teacher in Neworiental, Ma Zihui, will attend the party.2.以单个修饰语作为句子的开头。这个修饰语可以是形容词、分词或副词。Young and ambitious,JieYu works hard to teach Englsih.Secretly, the girl entered the room.With a book in her hands, Fang Meng talked to a foreigner.Exhausted, the students reached the top of the mountain.3.以短语修饰语作为句子的开头。短语修饰语可以是介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语以及独立主格结构。In front of me stood a beautiful girl.To pass the exam, the students worked hard.Confused about the problem, he went to ask for his teacher.Your homework finished, you may go home.4.用从句作为句子的开始。If I am free, I will attend your lecture.Whenever one goes, whatever one does, one needs money.考研英语小作文开头常用短语句式(1) With the (rapidly) growing popularity of (computers/private cars) in China, the quality of our lives has been considerably changed.(2) With the (rapid) growth of (our economy/population), many problems such as (water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management) are beginng to surface(3) With the development of (science and technology/market economy), more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that .(4) Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).(5) Nowadays, a heated debated/discussion about.is under way in China .some people believe that ., whereas others argue that.(6) There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers). To begin with,. Next,. Last, . There are, on the oher hand, many reasons against it. First, . Second,. Finally,.(7) There are many advantanges and disadvantages in (owning a car).(8) There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something(9) Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons. The first reason is that . The second reason is that . /On the one hand , . On the other hand. .(10) The possible solutions of (the enery crisis/water shortanges/these social problems) depend on three factors.(11) The tow major reasons responsible for (the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products ) are.2011年六级写作句子模板和套句(4)(一)原因1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for) the phenomenon (problem).2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4.The factors that contribute to this situation include.5.The change in .largely results from the fact that.6.We may blame .,but the real causes are.7.Part of the explanations for it is that .One of the most common factors (causes .is that .Another contributing factor (cause .is .Perhaps the primary factor is that But the fundamental cause is that(二)比较1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that.5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10.A and B differ in several ways.11.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12.People used to think ., but things are different now.13.The same is true of B.14.Wondering as A is, it has its drawbacks.15.It is true that A ., but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .2011年六级写作句子模板和套句(5)英语四六级作文套句总结开头Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern.最近,问题已引起人们的关注.Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题.Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了.It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that人们一般认为Many people insist that很多人坚持认为With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为A lot of people seem to think that很多人似乎认为结尾Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that 考虑所有这些因素, 我们可能会得出合理的结论Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that因此,我们最好得出这样的结论There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.All in all, we cannot