怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时.docVIP

怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时2011-05-04 12:55:48|分类： 高中英语必修 |标签： |字号大中小订阅 现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时，关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解，因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较：（1）现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：We have been cleaning the classroom（a）We have cleaned the classroom（b）（a）句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。（b）句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。又，（a）句表示教室刚刚打扫过，（b）句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。Be careful! John has been painting the door（a）John has painted the door（b）（a）句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以你要小心。（b）句则无此含义，油漆可能已干了。（2）现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：They have been widening the road（a）They have widened the road（b）（a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性（如一些属于持续体的动词），但无临时性质。如：Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978（a）Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979（b）（a）句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义，（b）句则没有。（3）但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质，如：My mother has been teaching English for twenty years（a）My mother has taught English for twenty years.（b）（a）句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。（b）句则较为正式。又，（a）句表示动作现在仍在继续并将延续下去，（b）句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。（4）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：Have you been meeting her lately？（a）Have you met her lately？（b）（a）句有“经常相会”之意，（b）句则没有。（b）句如与often，every day等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。（5）现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：What have you been doing？（a）What have you done？（b）（a）句表示惊异。（b）句只是一个问题。Have you been waiting long？（a）Have you waited long？（b）（a）句较（b）句生动。又，（a）句比较口语化。I have been wanting to meet you for long（a）I have long wanted to meet you（b）（a）句比（b）句更亲切，更有礼貌。Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly（a）Recently Mary has done her work regularly（b）（a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。（b）只说明一个事实。下面还有一例，颇为有趣:Whos been eating my apples？（a）Whos eaten my apples？（b）（a）句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，（b）句只是希望回答的一个问题。又，（a）句兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思，（b）句是完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了”。今天的主题是：1.Present perfect 现在完成时请看下面的例句:Tom is looking for his key. He cant find it.He has lost his key. He has lost his key=he lost it and he still hasnt got it.现在完成时，用have/has +过去分词:Wheres your key ? I dont know. Ive lost it.( I havent got it now)Is Sally here ? No, shes gone out. .(she is out now)一般情况下与以下词语连用：just, already, yet Just= a short time agoWould you like sth to eat ? No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.Hello.Have you just arrived ?我们用already来表示一些比预期中提早发生的事情(to say that sth happened sooner than expected)：Dont forget to post the letter, will you ?Yet= until now 说话的人正在期待事情发生,yet只用在疑问句和否定句中：（shows that the speaker is expecting sth to happen.Use yet only in questions and negative sentences.）Has it stopped raining yet ?Ive written the letter but I havent posted it yet.2.Present perfect continuous 现在完成进行时请看下面的例句:Is it raining ? No, but the ground is wet. It has been raining. 我们用现在完成进行时表示最近停止或刚停止的动作(We use the present perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped.):.Youre out of breath. Have you been running ? (youre out of breath now)Paul is very tired. Hes been working very hard. (hes tired now)Why are your clothes so dirty ? What have you been doing ?Ive been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks that It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining.How long has it been raining ? It has been raining for two hours.我们常这样用现在完成进行时，特别是和“how long,for,since” 这个动作可能仍然在进行（以上这个例子里）或刚刚停止。We often use the present perfect continuous in this way, especially with how long, for and sinceThe activity is still happening(as in this example) or has just stopped. 听懂了？那么就来做些练习吧，不要紧张，很简单的。第一题：填入正确的时态arrive,break,go up,grow,improve .lose1. Mike is looking for his key. He cant find it.He_2. Margaret cant walk and her leg is in plaster.She_3. Marias English wasnt very good. Now it is much better._4. Tim didnt have a beard last month. Now he has a beard._5. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it._6. Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90._第二题：填入以下单词的正确形式1. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says Would you like sth to eat ?You say: No, thank you. I_(have lunch).2. Maria_(learn) English for two years.3. Why _(you/look) at me like that ? Stop it!4. You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table ? You say: No,_it(do).5. Is Ann on holiday this week ? No, she_(work). 6. Hello, Tom. I _(look) for you all morning. Where have you been ? 本期答案：一：1. He has lost his key.2. She has broken her leg.3. Her English has improved.4. He has grown a beard.5. The letter has arrived.6. The bus fare has gone up.二：1. hes just gone out.2. has been learning3. are you looking4. Ive already done5. is working6. have been lookingP.33语法同位语前的名词通常是单数.他们是:question,message,suggestion,words(消息),news,possibility,idea,fact,promise,doubt,hope在demand,wish,suggestion,resolution后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气.同位语从句一般由that,whether,where,how,when,why,what,who等词引导.例句如下:TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.ThereissomedoubtwhetherBillwillcomeontime.Youhavenoideawhysheleft.ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.Ihavenoideawhichwineisbest.休眠火山(1027950569)19:04:52P34.填空关于eareye的习语appleofoneseyesseeeyetoeyehaveeyesinthebackofonesheadplayitbyearagreeabletotheearAmuseumonthe1911RevolutionwillopenontheupcomingSaturdayincentralChinasHubeiProvince,wheretherevolutionstarted,saidlocalsourcesonWednesday.Withitsexteriorwallpaintedastherevolutionarycolorofred,themuseumcovers22,000squaremeters.Itshowsmorethan900itemsandnearly700photosontheepoch-makingevent.今年是辛亥革命百年，辛亥革命，发生于中国农历辛亥年（清宣统三年）故史称辛亥革命。而在1911年10月10日爆发的武昌起义则为其拉开了序幕。辛亥革命有好几种说法，我们可以直接说“XinhaiRevolution”或者“HsinhaiRevolution”。文中的1911Revolution也是辛亥革命的意思。另外“ChineseRevolution”同样也是指辛亥革命。从这些表述中我们就可以看出其重要性。文中的“exteriorwall”就是外墙的意思，exterior作为名词有外部、外表的意思，作为形容词，有外部的，表面的，对外的等意思。它的反义词就是interior。另外，文中提到的epoch-making则是“划时代的，意义深远的”意思，epoch就是“时期，时代，新纪元”的意思。绿绮#休眠火山(1027950569)20:32:50猴子都是fan字Chinacommemoratescentenaryofendtoimperialrule纪念辛亥革命100周年BEIJING,Oct.9(Xinhua)-Chinaheldagrandceremonytocommemoratethecentennialanniversaryofthe1911Revolution,whichterminated2,000yearsofimperialrule,onSundaymorningattheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing.新华社消息，10月9日星期日上午，纪念辛亥革命100周年的仪式在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。发生于1911年的辛亥革命结束了中国两千多年的帝国主义统治。The1911Revolution,orXinhaiRevolution,whichbeganonOct.10,1911withanarmeduprising,endedoneofthelongestautocraticruleintheworldestablishedbyEmperorQinshihuanginB.C.221bytopplingtheQingDynasty(1644-1911)andresultinginarepublicangovernment,thefirstinAsia.1911年10月10日的辛亥革命开始于武装起义，结束了自公元221年秦始皇建立的也是世界上时间最长的独裁统治，推 了清朝（1644-1911）的统治，成立了亚洲第一个共和制政府。ChinesepresidentHuJintaoandotherleadersattendedtheceremony.Hugaveakeynotespeech.中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛及其他领导人参加了此次纪念仪式，胡锦涛发表主题演讲。TherevolutionnotonlyridChinesemenofhumiliatingponytailsandwomenoftheexcruciatinglypainfulfoot-binding,butalsoremovedthepeoplesblindfaithintheemperor,aswellasthefearofforeignpowers.Theeventhassincebe