高中英语语法系列副词.doc

第八章 副词副词时指在句中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。一 副词的分类1时间副词 表示时间的副词成为时间副词now then just now right now now and then soon since ago today late immediately 2.地点副词 表示地点的副词成为地点副词here there in out down inside outside upstairs back indoors outdoors far3.方式副词 描述动词发生的方式成为方式副词well fast hard slowly carefully simply kindly together suddenly4.程度副词 用来描述动词、行为或状态程度的副词成为程度副词。much little very enough hardly extremely entirely a bit so too rather nearly 5.频度副词 频度副词主要指一定时间内动词发生的次数usually often sometimes never always for ever conatantly frequently 6.评论副词 用来对句中陈述的观点进行评价的副词luckily happily generally honestly briefly hoprfully broadly naturally7.关系副词 主要用来引导定语从句 where when why 8连接副词 主要用来连接句子和从句therefore因此(表结果) moreover再者(表补充) besides况且(表补充) however不管怎样(表转折) otherwise否则(表条件) then然后(表时间) though但是(用于句尾，前用逗号隔开) when where why whenever however wherever 二副词的句法功能 想一想，副词在下列句中的成份He works very hard on his subject. _She speaks English very beautifully._I am very busy these days. _Luckily,she had got another chance. _When the meeting is over,give me a phone call._Sorry ,I have to be off now. _Who is the person over there._The people there are very kind to visitors._Students outdoors are playing football._Let them in._We saw her off two days ago._注意：a有些副词可以修饰名词，用以加强语气，相当于状语。常用的这类副词有 quite, rather, even We held quite a party last weekend. Even a child wont believe such a story you told. b有些副词可修饰部分不定代词和数词。常用的副词有nearly/almost/roughly/mostly Nearly anyone present at the meeting was an expert on SARS. I learnt three foreigh languages at college,but now I have forgotten almost all of them. 三副词的位置1.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末Ill meet him at the station tomorrow.(时间副词) 注意：有事为了强调时间也把时间放在句首 Tomorrow,Ill meet him at the station.The boy did the homework quickly.(方式副词)The students all worked well last week.2.频度副词在句中的位置有以下几种在be、情态动词以及第一个助动词之后She is always kind to us.The work has never been done.(频度副词never放在第一个助动词之后)在实义动词之前He often goes to school early.3.程度副词有下面两种情况修饰动词时，它在句中的位置与频度副词的情况相似He is almost forty years old.(在be之后)He can hardly understand you.(在情态动词之后)I really like the boy.(在实以动词之前)修饰形容词、副词时，放在他们的前面He studies much harder now. He runs fast enough.(思考这句话)注意：enough是例外，其既可以是形容词也可是副词。当enough作形容词来修饰名词或代词时，是正常语序(前后都可)： I have enough money to buy a house.但当enough作副词来修饰动词、形容词、副词时，要后置。 The book is easy enough for kids to read.四副词的排序1.时间、地点副词 地点+时间I have gone nowhere recently,for I am so busy.2.方式副词，短的在前长的在后。用and、but等连词连接Please write slowly and carefully.3.多个不同的副词排序：程度+地点+方式+时间;注意：very可以修饰形容词，但不能够修饰动词。I very like English.(错误的) I like English very much.五副词的比较级和最高级1.副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级的变法基本相同。参见形容词。2.副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the He did best in English of all.3.不规则变化原级wellbadlylittlemuchfar比较级betterworseless morefarthert/further最高级bestworstlestmostfarthest/furthest4.比较级的用法原级。“asas”句型，其用法与形容词一致 I love music as much as Betty does. You should come as early as you can.She cant use the computer so/as well as you. She doesnt dress so/as strangely as the other girls.比较级。a“比较级+than”句式She comes here less often than before. Cars are used more today than before.bno more than 与 not more than (a)如果对数量进行比较，no more than 表示“仅仅，只不过”，含有感情色彩，认为较； 而not more than 只表示“至多，不超过”，客观的表达数目。、I have learnt no more than a thousand English words.The boy is not more than ten years old.(b)如果用于两者之间进行比较的，“话no+比较级+than”表示“都不，是对两者的共同否定；而“not+比较级+than”表示前者不如后者，隐含对前者的否定对后者的肯定。She is no cleverer than I. My hangwriting is not better than yours.c比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越”Things are getting better and better. She plays the piano more and more beautifully.dthe+比较级，the+比较级 The harder you work,the better youll learn.The more you talk to the children,the less they will listen.5.最高级的用法 与形容词的最高级用法一致，参见形容词He talks (the ) lest and does (the) most in his class.Of all the classes, I like English (the) best六前有两种形式的副词1.close 与 closelyClose意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔细地”He is sitting_ to me. Watch him_.2.late latelyLate意思是“晚” ；lately意思是“最近”You have come to _ What have you been doing _?3.deep deeplydeep 意思是“深”，表空间深度；deeply表示感情上的深度，“深深地”、He pushed the stick_into the mud. Even farther was _moved by the film.4.high highlyHigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchThe plane was flying_ He thinks_ of you. Speak highly of Sb. 对某人评价很高5.wide widelyWide表示空间宽度；widely表示“广泛地”，“在许多地方”He opened the door_. English is _used in the world.6.free freelyFree的意思是“免费地”；freely意思是“无限制地”You can eat_in my restaurant whenever you like.You may spesk_;say what you like.七常用副词辨析1.how long how soon how often how farHow long”多久，时间长”，对一个持续时间段的提问，常用“for+时间段”和“since+时间点” How long have you been in China?-For three monthsHow soon“多快，多久以后“，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in+一段时间”回答 How soon will he come back? -In five days.How often“多长时间一次”，对频度提问，常用“once,twice,three times a week”回答 How often do you visit you grandparents? -Once a week.How far“多远”，对距离提问 How far is it from your home to your school?2. hard hardly Hard 意为“努力地、辛苦地、剧烈地、猛烈地”，是程度副词；hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词 We should study hard as students. I can hardly catch up with you. Can you talk a little more slowly?3.much too too much Much too意为“非常，极其，太”，much和too都是副词，much修饰too用以加强语气，中心词是too，much too修饰形容词或副词原级；too much意为“太多”，中心词是much，too修饰much，以加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词，与too many相对，too many修饰可数名词。The skirt is _ dear. Please dont _ ice cream.It is bad for your health. There are _people in the supermarket. 4.too as well also either “也”too、as well和also用于肯定句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般在句中与动词连用。Either用于否定句，往往放在句末。I went there,too. He didnt go there either. I like you as well. I also went there.5.too、enough、和soToo意为“太、很”，用于“tooto”结构，表示否定意义“太而不能”Enough意为“足够”，用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to”结构，表示“足够能”So意为“如此”，用于“sothat”结构中，表示“如此以至于”The man is too old to look after himself. The boy runs fast enough to win the game.The camera is so expensive that I cant afford it.6.already yet stillAlready 表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待发生某事，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句个疑问句，有时也用于否定句。We have already watched that film.I havent finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.7.ago beforeAgo 表示以现在为起点的“以前”，和表示时间概念的词组搭配使用，常用在一般过去时的句子中；before是指以过去或将来某个时间点为基准的“以前”，也可泛指以前，常用于现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时的句子里。 The meeting began five minutes ago. I have never been to Suzhou before. 扩展： 时间段+ago 表示“多久以前；” 时间段+later表示“多久以后”Long long ago,there was a king named Arch.Three years later,she became a very successful singing star.8Rather fairly两词都有“相当”的含义，前者可以修饰褒义词或贬义词，或者只修饰褒义词The book is rather easy for the children of 10.The book is fairly easy for the children of 10.9.almost nearly “几乎，差不多”一般情况下，在修饰表示肯定意义的词时，在all、always、every等词之前，两者可以互换。 I nearly/almost feel off my bike. Time is almost/nearly up.She is almost/nearly always at home in the evening.Almost可以与never、nobody、nothing、no、none、too、more than等词连用，nearly不可 The speaker said almost nothing worth listening to. Our cat understands everything -he is almost human. This is almost more than we feared.nearly可被very、pretty或not前置修饰，almost则不可I am not nearly ready. She