高考核心语法定语从句.doc

Attributive Clause 定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1. The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.2. You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man, everything是定语从句所修饰的词，即先行词，定于从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 使用关系词时要注意以下法则：例1：选择题1. Is there anything _I can do for you? （A）A. that B. which C. what D. how2. The last place _we visited several days ago was the Famen Temple in Fufeng County, Shaanxi province. （D）A. where B. when C. which D. that3. I have read the very book _you lent me last month. （B）A. which B. that C. when D. what4. They talked about the school as well as the teacher _they had visited. （C）A. who B. whom C. that D. which知识笔记一：定语从句中只能用关系代词that的情况： 先行词为all, few, little, much, everything, anything, nothing, something等不定代词时。All that we have to do is to practice every day. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。Liu Ying is the most diligent student that I have ever known. 先行词被all, any, few, few, only, very, little, no, some, much, the last等修饰时。You can take any room that you like. 定语从句先行词同时修饰人又修饰物时。They talked about the persons and things that they came across in that remote town.例2：判断正误1. Do you like the man whom they spoke to yesterday? T2. Do you like the man who they spoke to yesterday? T3. Do you like the man to whom they spoke yesterday? T4. Do you like the man to who they spoke yesterday? F知识笔记二：who 在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。介词在句末时，whom 和who可以替换；否则，只能用whom.例3：判断正误1. This is the building which I told you about. T 2. This is the building that I told you about.3. This is the building about which I told you.4. This is the building about that I told you.知识笔记三：若不受法则一的限制，which与that一般可以互换，但当which 直接置于介词之后时，则不能用that.例4：判断正误1. This is the reason that he cheated in the exam. T2. This is the reason why he cheated in the exam. T3. This is the reason for which he cheated in the exam. T知识笔记四：定语从句中，当先行词为reason,并且在从句中作状语时，用why或for which引导从句，有时也可用that.例5：判断正误：1. The way how these comrades look at problem is wrong. F2. The way that these comrades look at problem is wrong. T3. The way in which these comrades look at problem is wrong. T4. The way which these comrades look at problem is wrong. F知识笔记五：定语从句中，当先行词为way,并且在从句中作状语时，用that或in which引导从句，在非正式场合也可以不使用引导词。例6：判断正误1. I have never heard such interesting stories as he tells. T2. I have never heard such interesting stories that he tells. F知识笔记六：定语从句中，先行词被such修饰时，用as引导从句，而不用which和 who.例7：选择题1. That is one of the books that _ to us so far. （A）A. have been given B. are given C. have given D. has been given2. This is the one of the boys who _always on time.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. I was the only one of the clerks in the office who _invited. （A）A. was B. is C. are D. am知识笔记七：在one of+定语从句结构中，若one之前有the, the only等修饰时，定语从句谓语动词的单复数要与one 保持一致。例8：选择题（答案不唯一）1. This is the place _we visited last year. （A/B/D）A. that B. which C. where D. /2. This is the very place _we lived last year. （A）A. where B. at which C. / D. that 3. I thought of the dark days _ I worked for the boss. （AB）A. when B. in which C. that D. which4. The days _I spent in the countryside in my childhood was the happiest time. （A/B）A. that B. which C. when D. on which 知识笔记八：选择关系代词、关系副词应根据它在定语从句中所充当的成份而定。如：判断正误：1. I will go to the front where needs me. F2. I will go to the front where I am needed. T3. I will go to the front which needs me. T例9：选择题，并判断从句类型（答案不唯一）。1. I found my books _ I had left them. （B）A. which B. where C. in which D. where2. The news _he will visit our school is whispered from one to another. （A）A. that B. which C. where D. /3. The news _you told me yesterday is encouraging. （A/B）A. that B. which C. where D. what 4. 判断正误(1)All what I can say is this. F(2)All that I can say is this. T(3)All I can say is this. T(4)What I can say is this. T5.选择题(1)Ill do the things _ I can (do). （A）A. that B. which C. what D. /(2)Ill do _ I can (do). （C）A. that B. which C. what D. /知识笔记九：首先判断从句的类型，再决定引导词。例10：判断正误1. I have brought you everything (that) you need it. F2. I have brought you everything (that) you need. T知识笔记十：定语从句中，必修省略重复出现的部分。综 述：非限制性定语从句与主句的关系部十分密切，只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，主句意思仍然完整、清楚；主句、从句之间往往用逗号隔开，一般可用who, whom, whose, which, as, when, where引导，但不可用that, why引导非限制性定语从句。1. Xiao Ming, who is a boy of twelve, knows a lot of English.2. Mr. White, whose home is not far from here, is an outstanding doctor.3. The next day John went to the station, where he bought a ticket for Xian.4. In the old days, when I was only a little boy, the city had no industry to speak of.5. As is known to all, “Practice makes perfect.”二、介词或介词词组+关系代词。1. Mr. Li is our teacher, from whom I learned a lot.2. Our school has 86 teachers, 30 of whom are women.3. She had two daughters, both of whom became lawyers.4. At noon they got to a hill, on the top of which stood an old temple.5. They stayed in a big hotel, in front of which was a garden.1. This is the job _they laughed. （C）A. which B. that C. at which D. at that2. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks _built about 300 years ago in Beijing. （D）A. where were B. which was C. that was D. that were3. This is the school _they visited the other day. （A）A. that B. where C. to which D. what4. Thats the only thing _we can do at present. （D）A. which B. what C. all D. that5. Trees must be planted _there is plenty of water and sunlight. （A）A. where B. in which C. which D. in the place that 6. The days _ we spent together are not easily forgotten. （D）A. when B. on which C. in which D. which7. They talked for an hour of things and persons _they remembered in the school. （C）A. whom B. which C. that D. who8. This is such a difficult question _nobody can answer it. （C）A. as B. which C. that D. so that9. There is something wrong with the TV set _last month. （A）A. I bought B. I bought it C. which I bought it D. when I bought10. It was said _was all _he said. （A）A. that that; that B. that what; what C. that /; what D. that what; /定语从句通常被命题者用来增加句子结构的复杂性，遇到插入定语从句后，一般可以采用省略定语从句的方法分析句子结构。1. The day we all looked forward _at last. （C）A. to come B. to coming C. to came D. came 2. The country life he was used to _greatly since the opening policy. （B）A. changed B. has changed C. changing D. having changed3. The time he has devoted in the past ten years _the disabled is now considered _of great value. （B）A. to help; being B. to helping; to be C. to help; to be D. helping; being4. Mr. Brian was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. （C）A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired5. The theory he had stuck _to be true. （D）A. proved B. to proving C. to prove D. to proved6. I didnt know the girl you _the cows. （C）A. had fed B. had her fed C. had feed D. had to feed7. It is dangerous to let children who are _go swimming in the river. （B）A. too young to B. so young C. not old enough to D. so old8. Mother was so angry at all _I was doing _she walked out. （A）A. that; that B. what; that C. what; as D. that; which1. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. （D）A. these B. those C. that D. which2. She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into mouth. （B）A. it B. which C. what D. that3. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help.（D）A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to a small town, _he grew up. （B）A. which B