初中时态语态oft.doc

初中英语时态、语态总复习讲练2011-01-08 16:21:39|分类： 教育教学 |标签： |字号大中小订阅 Part A Tenses . 初中英语八种时态归纳复习 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +d one. 一般疑问句：have或has。 六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 . 几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式： 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换 “be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看： We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 二、When to use the Passive Voice: 1. 行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。 Football is played all over the world. 2. 不易找到或根本就找不到动作的执行者时。 My bike was stolen. 3. 汉语含有“据说”、“有人说”等时。 It is said that another bridge has been built over the Changjiang River. 4. 汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。 Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao. 5. 汉语中没有“被”、“由”等词，而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。 These songs are usually sung by boys. 6. 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。 He was born in October, 1988. 7. 表示礼貌时。 You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00p.m. tomorrow. （Note: 用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词，不及物动词不能用被动语态。） . 中考实战题练兵 A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verbs given: 1. Last month, in the first match of the 17th World Cup, France_ (beat) 0-1 by a new teamSenegal. (2002南京市) 2. How many fridges_ (produce) in China in the last two years? (2002徐州市) 3. No dictionary should_- (bring) to the English exam, boys and girls! (2002连云港市) 4. That day each of us_ (give) ten dollars after we finish the work. (2002连云港市) 5. They (warn) not to touch the machine while they were visiting the workshop. (2001吉林) B) Multiple Choice: ( ) 1. I dont know the school, but its_- to be quite a good one. (2002苏州市) A. told B. spoken C. talked D. said ( ) 2. Please dont stand up in class until you_ . (2002泰州市) A. were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told ( )3. If Mg_ in O2, we_ MgO, and it_ combination reaction (化学变化). (2202泰州市) A. will burn; get; calls B. burns; will get; called C. will burn; can get; is calling D. burns; will get; is called ( ) 4. Please tell me when_ on the wall. (2002无锡市) A. has this map hung B. was this map hung C. this map has hung D. this map was hung ( ) 5. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he_ the hospital. (2002常州市) A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesnt return ( ) 6. They wont be back until the work_ . (2002南通市) A. do B. does C. is done D. will do ( ) 7. The medicine_ cool, clean and dry. (2001天津市) A. must keep B. must be kept C. must be carried D. must be in ( ) 8. Wherere the old houses here? -Oh, they_ by the end of last century, and a new tall building_ here soon. (2002深圳市) A. have been pulled down; is going to be built B. were pulled down; will be built C. had been pulled down; is going to be builtD. had been built; is going to be pulled down ( ) 9. You cant leave now. There are still twenty more trees_ . (2002河北) A. to plant B. being planted C. plant D. to be planted ( )10. Wheres your car? -Theres something wrong with it and it in the garage now. (2001 四川) A. is repaired B. is being repaired C. has been repaired D. will be repa