初一英语知识点.doc

【学习目标】 一、语音知识 1. 2. 单词重读 dinner kitchen shower people forget piano delicious review 二、词汇 1. 16单元黑体字单词 2. 词组 what abouthow about 怎么样（认为如何） fall asleepbe asleep 入睡 eat up 吃光 go to bed 上床睡觉 watch TV 看电视 only child 独生子、独生女 wash the dishes 洗盘子 at school/home/work 在学校 / 家 / 工作 go up 起床 live with sb. 和某人住在一起 三、日常用语 1. Whats your name? My name is Mike. 2. Are you happy? Yes, I am./No, Im not. 3. Whats your favorite subject? My favorite subject is English. 4. Do you like sports? Yes, I do./No, I dont. 四、语法 1. 词类：名词、冠词、形容词、副词 2. 比较等级 【知识讲解】 1. 名词 表示人或事物的名称，如 boy, clock, book, tree。 总的说来，名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。 专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称，如： Jim, China 专有名词的第一个字母要大写，如：Beijing, New York 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词：可以用数目计算，有单数和复数两种形式，如：an apple, two apples, a car, some cars 不可数名词：一般无法用数目计算，没有复数形式，且不用不定冠词a/an修饰，如：water, milk, meat, tea, bread, rice 单数名词变复数名词的规则如下表： 注：少数名词的复数是不规则的，如： manmen womanwomen childchildren 表示民族的名词，有的在词尾加 s ，如： an Americanthree Americans 有的单、复数形式相同，如： a Chinesefour Chinese a sheepthree sheep a deerfive deer 2. 冠词 冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，只能和一个名词一起使用，并帮助说明此名词。冠词有两类，即定冠词the 和不定冠词a/an。 不定冠词 常表示“一”的概念，有两种形式：a和an。a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，如：a book, a pen；an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如：an apple,an orange,an egg。 定冠词the 常表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”的概念，the在元音音素前读，在辅音音素前读 ，如：the moon, the evening。 eg. Do you have an English book? Yes, but the English book is broken. There is a chicken in the picture. We cant see the sun at night. The Browns are going to the park this Sunday. Shanghai is in the east of China. 3. 形容词 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。 如： Its a sunny day today. Lets go to the park. This book is good. Its very nice of you to help us. 常见形容词的同义词与近义词： largebig 大的 gladhappy/pleased 高兴的 cleverbright 聪明的 illsick 病 finewell 好的 常见形容词的反义词和对应词： bad（坏的）good（好的） big（大的）small（小的） poor（穷的）rich（富的） busy（忙的） free（空闲的） dry（干的）wet（湿的）same（相同的）different（不同的） empty（空的）full（满的） cold（寒冷的）hot（热的） open（开着的）closed（关闭的） 4. 副词 用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，在句中作状语或表语。 eg. Now he is back in New York again. 现在他又回到了纽约。 Mike is a good student. He often does his homework carefully.副词一般分为七大类： 时间副词： now, often, then, early, ago, before 地点副词： here, there, out, above, up, down 方式副词： hard, well, badly, fast, slowly 程度副词： very, much, still, almost, too, so 疑问副词： how, when, why, where 关系副词： when, where, why 连接副词： now, where, why often 等表示“频率”的时间副词，总被放在句子中间，又称“中置副词”。这类副词有 always（总是）、 usually（通常）、sometimes（有时）、ever（曾经）、never（从不）等。 “中置”规律： 放在单个的 be 动词之后； 放在单个实义动词之前； 谓语动词为多个词时，放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 如： You are always late for school. 你总是上学迟到。 I usually go to school by bike. I never see that book. He often helps other students. He goes to work on foot sometimes. 5. 比较等级 在进行比较的时候，形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。 规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级加 -er或-est。 （1）不规则变化的形容词和副词如下： Good/wellbetterbest bad wors worst （许多）many/muchmoremost (几乎没有）littlelessleast （远的）farfartherfarthest （老的，旧的）old （2）三种句型 原级句型： as形容词/副词as，表示“和一样”；否定句式：not as/so 形容词/副词as，表示“和不一样”。 eg. I think Kate does just as well as Ann. If you like the chicken, you may have as much as you can. I dont like the film. Its not so interesting as that one. 比较级句型： a. 主语谓语比较级than其它，表示“较一些”。 eg. This city is more beautiful than that one. It is hotter today than yesterday. He is a much nicer worker. b. 比较级and比较级，more and more原级，表示“越来越”，说明本身程度的改变。 eg. The worlds population is growing faster and faster. 世界人口增长得越来越快。 more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 c. the比较级, the比较级，表示“越就越”，说明随着前边条件的变化，后边的结果也发生变化。 eg. The more she eats, the fatter shell be. 她吃得越多就会越胖。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 最高级句型： 主语谓语（the）形容词或副词的最高级in/of 注：最高级前一般要用the，如： He is the most careful student. 但在副词最高级前the可以省去，如：He writes（the）most carefully in his class. This kind of cake is the most delicious. I like English best. Mike is the youngest in his class. He runs fastest. 初一英语上册专题重点动词 一、be动词 1. 根据人称的不同，be动词有三种基本形式，分别为am，is和are。am用于单数第一人称(I)；is用于单数第三人称(he，she，it)；are用于第二人称和复数第一，二，三人称(we，you，they)。 例：I am fifteen years old. 我十五岁了。 You are my friend forever. 你永远是我的朋友。 He is a hard-working student. 他是一个刻苦努力的学生。 The students are reading books in the classroom. 学生们都在教室里读书。 2. be动词的否定形式直接在后面加not. I am not fifteen years old. He is not a hard-working student. The students are not reading books in the classroom. 3. 把be动词的肯定句变成疑问则要直接把动词be提到句首，变型如下： Are you fifteen years old? Is he a hard-working student? Are the students reading books in the classroom? 二. 行为动词 1. match v. 相称；匹配 match. . . with. . . e. g. Match the words with the pictures，please. 请把单词和图画相搭配。 2. practise v. 练习 practise doing sth. 练习做。 e. g. He practices speaking English every day. 他每天都练习读英语。3. welcome v. 欢迎. welcome sb. to sp. e. g. Please welcome Betty and Tony to our school. 欢迎贝蒂和托尼来我们学校。4. invite v. 邀请 invite sb. to do sth. e.g. Tom invites me to go to the concert with him on Saturday. 汤姆邀请我跟他周六一起去参加音乐会。 invite sb. to sp. e. g. Daming invites Tony to the cinema. 大明邀请托尼去看电影。 invitation(n. ) send an invitation to sb. 对某人发出邀请5. ask v. 请求 ask sb. to do sth. e. g. Tony asks Daming to go to a basketball match. 托尼叫大明一起去看篮球赛。6. have v. 有 have lessons上课 have a rest 休息 have a look at sth. 看看. have dinner 吃饭 have a good time 玩的开心 have a break 课间休息 have a party 举办聚会 e. g. We have three lessons in the morning. 我们早上有三节课。 At eleven oclock，we have a break and I talk with my friends. 11点我们课间休息，我和我的朋友们聊天。 In the evening，we watch TV and have dinner. I do my homework and go to bed at ten oclock. 晚上，我们看电视并且吃晚饭。我做作业然后十点上床睡觉。 7. send v. 发送 send sb sth(send sth. to sb. ) e. g. We usually send him a birthday card. 我们经常送给他一张生日卡片。8. make v. 制作。 make sth. for sb. e. g. And we often make a cake for his birthday. 我们经常为他的生日做一个生日蛋糕。 make travel plans on the Internet e. g. Do you often make travel plans on the Internet? 你们经常在网上制定旅游计划么? make a trip to the zoo e. g. Lets make a trip to the zoo. 让我们一起去动物园吧。9. like v. 喜欢 like doing sth. e. g. Damings uncle likes reading and he reads a lot of books. 大明的叔叔喜欢阅读，并且他经常读很多书。 would like sthto do sth. e. g. Would you like to go to the cinema with Betty and me? 你愿意跟我和贝蒂一起去电影院么? Would you like some tea? 你想来点茶叶么? 10. talk v. 谈话 talk to (with) sb. e. g. I often talk to my friends on the phone. 我经常跟我的朋友打电话。 talk about sth. e. g. I often talk about our favorite singers with my best friends after school. 我经常在课后跟我最要好的朋友们谈论我们喜欢的歌星。11. stay v. 停留 stay at home e. g. Lets stay at home and watch TV. 让我们留在家里看电视。 stay healthy e. g. Mr. and Mrs. Brown do lots of sports and stay healthy. 布朗先生和布朗太太做很多运动，保持健康。 12. visit v. 参观 visit sbsp. e. g. Welcome to Beijing Zoo. Sixteen thousand people visit it every year. 欢迎来到北京动物园。每年有16000人在此参观。 三. 情态动词can 情态动词特点： 1)后面加动词原型。 2)否定句和疑问句不需要借助助动词构成。 e. g. I can play basketball. Can you? 我会打篮球，你会么? That cant be our teacher：our teacher is in her office right now. 那不会是我们老师，我们的老师现在正在办公室呢。动词练习 一. 用适当的介词填空。 1. Can you match the words _ the pictures? 2. Lets welcome the foreign friends _ our country. 3. I want to invite my sister _ my home. 4. Lets have a party and I will send lots of invitations _ my friends. 5. Can I have a look _ your new watch? 6. Its Fathers Day tomorrow, and I will send a present _ my father. 7. Can you make a cake _ me? 8. My parents always buy a birthday cake _ me _ my birthday. 9. She usually buys CD _ her favorite singers. 10. I often talk _ my mother on the phone. 11. Lets stay _ home and watch TV. 12. I usually download music _ the Internet. 13. I am a writer and I write my novels _ my computers. 14. I listen _ music every day. 15. The polar bear comes _ the Arctic. 16. He often writes _ his friends. 17. Every day I often talk_ my parents_ the interesting things in school. 18. On my birthday, I get lots of presents _ my family and friends. 19. Who switch_ the lights? Its so dark in the room, let me switch them 二、用所给动词适当形式填空。 1. Daming _ (be) in Class Two. 2. Lingling and Daming _ (be) good friends. 3. Lingling with Daming _ (be) at school now. 4. He can _ (speak) English. 5. We can _ (play) basketball and _ (swim). 6. Tony _ (ride) a bike to school every day. 7. Lucy and Lily sometimes _ (do) their homework at school. 8. I want _ (invite) Lily _ (see)a film with me after class. 9. I ask my mother _ (choose) a book for me. 10. What about _ ( have ) a birthday party? 11. He likes _ (play) computer games and _ (play) cards at weekends. 12. Let Lingling _ (watch) TV with me, please. 13. How about_ (go) swimming on Sunday? 14. I would like _ (have) dinner with you tomorrow. 15. Lets go and _ (see) a panda. 三、时态填空。 1. We often _ (play) in the playground. 2. He _ (get) up at six oclock. 3. _ you _ (brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What _ (do) he usually_ (do) after school? 5. Danny _ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school. 6. Mike sometimes _ (go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she _ (watch) TV with his parents. 8. _ Mike _ (read) English every day? 9. How many lessons _ your classmate _ (have) on Monday? 10. What time _ his mother _ (do) the housework? 四. 按要求修改句子。 1. Do you often play basketball after school? (肯定回答) 2. I have a lot of books. (改为否定句) 3. Bettys mother likes playing table tennis. (改为否定句) 4. She lives in a town near New York. (改为一般疑问句) 5. I watch TV every day. (改为一般疑问句) 6. Tom has got a goal. (改为一般疑问句) 7. We hav