短语动词及其基本类型.doc

短语动词及其基本类型在现代英语中, 某些动词 + 副词或介词, 构成短语动词, 产生新的意义, 应根据语境判断其意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词, 有的则相当于不及物动词。短语动词有以下三种基本类型：1 动词 + 副词1） 作及物动词。例如：It isnt easy to make out his ideas 弄懂他的种种想法是不容易的。（make out = understand）You cant take me in like that 你不能那样欺骗我。 2） 作不及物动词。例如：Something unexpected has turned up 意外情况出现了。（turn up = appear）A fire broke out during the night夜间突然发生了火灾。（break out start suddenly）3） 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。例如：The barrel of gunpowder blew up （不及物）火药桶爆炸了。The soldiers blew up the bridge （及物）士兵们把桥炸毁了。2 动词 + 介词动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是放在介词后面。例如：I dont much care for television 我不是很喜欢看电视。（care for = like）He looked into the box他检查了箱子。 注意：在构成被动语态时，短语动词中动词和介词不能分离。例如：All the kids have been carefully looked after by their grandmother 所有孩子一向由奶奶精心照料。The dog was nearly run over by a car 这条狗差点被汽车辗着了。3 动词 + 副词 + 介词这类短语动词词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是位于介词之后。例如：We must work hard to make up for lost time我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。（make up for compensate）The doctor told me to cut down on smoking医生告诉我少抽烟。（cut down on reduce）【高考链接】1. Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesnt know whom to _. (重庆 2007)A. turn to B. look for C. deal with D. talk about 2. The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _ on the radio yesterday. (福建 2007)A. turned out B. found out C. given out D. carried out3. We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only _ violence.(浙江 2007)A. runs into B. comes from C. leads to D. begins with4. If the firms failed to make enough money, they would _. (湖北 2007)A. close down B. call off C. turn down D. set off5. Four dollars a pair? I think its a bit too much.If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _ to