必修三英语总结.doc

Unit1 festivals around the world 一.1. 发生 take place 有预见的，事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。无被动语态。 happen 指一切客观事物或情况得偶然或未能预见的发生，无被动语态。 break out 经用于负面场合，多指灾难战争疾病。 come about 中性词（正负面）take ones place =take ones seat就坐take the place of 代替某人in place 在适当的位置，合适2. in memory of=in honor of 纪念，追念in place of 代替 in need of 需要in favor of 赞同；有利于do honor to sb.=do sb honor 向表示敬意3. dressdress up盛装；打扮；装饰dress sb 给某人穿衣服dress oneself 给自己穿衣服dress in穿衣服4. play a joke on 开玩笑have a joke 说笑话；开玩笑make a joke about 拿开玩笑laugh at 嘲笑make fun of 取笑5. medal 奖章，勋章，纪念张prize 奖品，奖金，战利品reward 回报，报酬，应酬，报应award 奖品，因优点奖励或授予6. gather 应用最广泛的，收集，聚集，集合在一起 。collect 通常指的是仔细选择相似或有联系的东西 ，来变成有组织的整体的一部分。7. look forward to 期望，期待，盼望look out 注意，当心look over 翻阅，浏览look into 调查look up to 仰慕，尊敬look down upon 轻视8. keep ones word 信守承诺break ones wordhave a word with sb. 和谈话have words with sb. 和争吵in a word 总而言之9. hold ones breath 屏息，屏气lose ones break 喘不过气out of ones breath 喘不过气，上气不接下气short of breath 呼吸困难take a deep breath= breathe deeply 深呼吸10. apologizeapologize to sb. for.向某人道谦apologize (doing) sth.因为向某人道谦make/offer an apology 道歉accept an apology 接受refuse an apology 拒绝11. starve for =be starved for/of 渴望得到，迫切需要二情态动词1.can 和could 表能力 She can speak English.猜测 Can she be in the reading now?许可或请求许可 Could you ？Can 和be able tocan只有现在是和过去式，be able to时态变化多can 一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to 则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力。2. may 和might表示许可或请求许可 May I come in?肯定回答Yes, you may.Of course,you may.否定回答 No,you may not./you cant./you mustnt./you had better not.表示可能性。He might not come today.表示祝愿 May you happy!3.must 表示必须 All the students must obey the school rules.否定: No, you neednt./you dont have to.表示推测 （只用在肯定句中）You must be tired after the journey.偏偏，偏要。Why must it rain on Sunday?为什么偏偏是星期天下雨？4.shall和第一、第三人称连用，表示说话人的命令、允诺、警告等。He shall be sorry for it one day.有朝一日他一定会后悔的。问句中，与第一、三人称连用，表示说话人征求对方意见。Shall we go inside?5.should 表示应当，意思和ought to 相近，但语气稍弱。We should help others when they are in trouble.表示推测，可能They should be at home by now.3.will表示愿望 I will do my best to help you.表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问Will you pass the message to him?表示某种倾向或习惯性动作Fish will die out of water.4.would表示过去曾有过的意志、愿望和决心I promised that I would try my best.表示请求、愿望、个人看法等，语气委婉.Would you like a cup of coffee?表示过去的习惯性的动作或倾向，相当于used toHe would go the park to play chess.5.dareHe darent cross the river.Dare he cross the river?No,he darent. He doesnt dare to cross the river.He dares to cross the river.Unit 2 Healthy eating1. go on a diet 节食2. balance 天平，平衡 in the balance 悬而未决on balance 总的来说keep ones balance 保持平衡3. fry 油煎，油炸She fried two eggs for breakfast yesterday.Fry 作不及物动词时，含义为：在油里煎炸The fish in frying in the pan.Fry 作定语 fried potatoes4. lose weight 减肥 put on weight 增加体重 carry weight 重要，有影响 pull ones weight 尽职5. get away with 被放过6. tell a lie/tell lies 说谎tell A from B 把A和B分开7. win back 赢回8. strength 强项，长处，力量9. consult 咨询，请教，商量，翻阅 consult with sb 和某人商量consult on sth 商议某事 10.benefit 利益，好处，有利于benefit from/by 从中受益be of great benefit to 对有很大好处 11.benefit from/by 从中受益for the benefit of 为了的好处long before 很久以前long ago 12. cut down 削减，删除； cut in 插嘴 cut up 切碎 cut out 裁剪 cut off 终止 cut across 走捷径13.ought to 表示认为某事很可能Mary ought to be here soon.表示有责任、义务去做某事I ought to be more careful.ought to 构成否定式、疑问式、及反义疑问句的变化I ought not to go.Ought I to go?Yes,you ought(to)./No,you needntWe ought not to go, ought we?Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note1. bring up 抚养，提出，呕吐2. scene （戏剧）一场；现场；场面；景色on the scene 在场；到场behind the scenes 在幕后；在后台set the scene (for sth) 为做好准备come on the scene 到场；出现3. permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事be permitted to do sth 被允许做某事permit of sth 容许4Go head表示“着手做”或“毫不犹豫地去做”前进，先进来，继续做取得进展；取得进步用在交际用语中4. as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上5. by accident =by chance 偶然，无意中，不小心 by mistake 弄错；失误；错误的6. stare at 凝视 glare at 怒目而视7.give up =lose heart =lose hope 放弃8.spot 斑点，污点，发现，认出On the spot 马上，立刻Be spotted with 被发现 Put sb on the spot 使某人为难9.account for 导致，作出解释10.seek 寻找，探索，寻找 seek after/for 寻找，追求，探索 seek out 找出，搜出，挑出11.on the contrary 与此相反，正相反（对上文的转折） to the contrary 相反地（对事物的评判） by contraries 相反地 be contrary to 和相反宾语从句引导名词性从句的连接词：that, whether,if,what,whatever,who ,whoever,whose,which,when,where,how,why1） that引导，不作成分，常被省略从句是并列句，第二个级以后的分句前的that不能省略We all think (that) she is working hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.2) demand order suggest decide insist desire demand request command 等词后，宾从常用should+V原The connander ordered that troops (should)set off at once.3)动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句We think it important that every citizen should have good manners.4) I dont doubt that Do you doubt that I doubt whether5）who whom which whose what等关联词引导时，陈述语序I always think of how I can work well.6)whether if用whether 不用ifA. 引导主语从句并在句首时B. 引导表语从句C. 引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时D. 从句中有or not时E. 后接动词不定式时7）当主句谓语动词是现在时态时，宾语从句可根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态I know that he studied English term.表语从句1）that仅起连接作用，不作成分，通常不省略2）表语从句表是否只能用whether3）thats because 那是因为 thats why 由于某种原因造成结果 the reason whyis that it looks as if Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the stars1. system 系统；体系；制度（可数）规律条理（不可数）2. theory 学说，理论，既为可数又为不可数名词in theory 理论上theoretical 理论的 theoretically 理论上，理论地3. so thatsothat 如此以至于，引导结果状语从句常见结构：so+形容词或副词（原级）+thatso+many/few+复数可数名词+thatso+much/little+不可数名词+that4.in time及时，终于 on time 准时，按时 at one time 曾经；一度；同时 all the time 一直 kill time 消磨时间 once upon a time 从前 for the time being 暂时 in no time 立刻，及时4. do no harm 无害do sb/sth harm 对有害mean no harm 没有恶意 be harmful to 对有害5. lay eggs 下蛋 lay the table 摆饭桌，摆餐具lay the foundation 奠定基础lay the blame on 责怪动词原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，位于laylainlyinglay放置；产卵laidlaidlaying6. exist生存，存在exist in 存在于中exist on 靠生活、生存exist as 作为而存在；以形态存在in existence 存在；现有come into existence 开始存在，成立existent 现存的，存在的7. give birth to 分娩，产生at birth 在出生时by birth 在血统上，生来，天生地from birst 从出生以来8by turns 轮流 on the turn 在转变中，在变质 out of turn 不合时宜地 take turns 轮流 in turn 依次，反之，反过来8. 阻止，制止preventfrom=stopfrom=keepfrom9. puzzle 谜，难题（可数）puzzle about 苦思苦想puzzle out 仔细考虑；设法想出puzzle over苦苦思考10. block out 挡住，遮住（光线和声音）block up 塞住；封住（孔、洞）block off （用路障）封住堵住Unit5 Canada-“The True North”1. rather than 与其，不愿，而不是would do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做而不愿做prefer to do sth rather than do sth 与做相比更喜欢做2.chat-chatted-chatted-chatting 聊天，闲聊 chat with sb3surroundwith 用包围 be surround by/with 被包围、环绕4.名词（代词）+现在分词We shall play the match tomorrow,weather permitting.名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished,we went home.名词（代词）+不定式So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.名词（代词）+介词短语A girl came in, some books in hand.名词（代词）+形容词或副词He sat in the front row,his mouth