主动语态与被动语态.doc

主动语态与被动语态一概念：主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。二构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。 1.be有各种人称和时态的变化。三、主动语态变被动语态的方法：1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语动词结构。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态介词by的宾语。4.主动语态变为被动语态时，时态不变。5.动词要和主语一致。Note:当动作的执行者不必说明或者没有必要强调时，by短语可省略。例子 1.They grow tea in Southeast China. Tea is grown in Southeast China.2. She often takes care of the baby. The baby is often taken care of by her.3.The boys played football last Sunday. Football was played by the boys last Sunday.4.The workers will build some new roads next year. Some new roads will be built by the workers next year.各种时态的被动语态：一般现在时：am, is, are + V.P.P一般过去时：was, were +V.P.P一般将来时：will + be +V.P.P情态动词： can, may, must, should, need + be + V.P.P现在完成时：have, has +been + V.P.P现在进行时：am, is, are + being +V.P.P二 带双宾语的句子1.He showed me some new pictures. Some new pictures were showed to me by him. I was showed a new picture by him.2.My mother has bought me a computer.I have been bought a computer.A computer was buought for me by my mother.3.The old man told him an interesting story.He was told an interesting story by the old man.An interesting story was told to me by the old man.带复合宾语 的句子1. He told us to come on time. We were told to come on time.2. Our teacher asked us to do Exercise 3.We were asked to do Exercise 3.3.We often see them play volleyball on the playground.They are often seen to play volleyball on the playground.4.The boss made the boy work 12 hours a day. The boy was made to work 12 hours a day.Note:1.要把间接宾语变为主语。 2.复合宾语是不带 to 的不定式时，变被动语态时要带上 to.这些词有： here, see, watch, make, have, let, notice等。主动语态和被动语态概说被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：Everybodylikeshim. 大家都喜欢他。 (主动语态)Heislikedbyeverybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态)主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：Hebrokethecup. Thecupwasbrokenbyhim.【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：Hewasbornin1986. 他生于1986年。Whatisthisflowercalled? 这种花叫什么花?2. 双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)：Heansweredmethatquestion. Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)：Hewroteheraletter. Aletterwaswrittentoher. (与动词write搭配用介词to)Shemadehimanewcoat. Anewcoatwasmadeforhim. (与动词make搭配用介词for)有时以上两种方式均可用：Hegavehersomemoney. 他给她一些钱。Shewasgivensomemoney. /Somemoneywasgiventohim.Heboughtherawatch. 他给她买了一块表。Awatchwasboughtforher. /Shewasboughtawatch.3. 被动语态的时态被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(1) 一般现在时的被动语态：amis,are+过去分词Englishistaughtinourschool. 我们学校学英语。Wearetakengoodcareofatschool. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：waswere+过去分词Hewastakentothepolicestation. 他被带到了警察局。Thehousewasbuilttenyearsago. 这座房子是10年前建的。(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+过去分词Anewbuildingwillbebuiltheresoon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。Themeetingwillbeheldattwothisafternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。(4) 现在完成时的被动语态：havehasbeen+过去分词Alltheworkhasbeendonenow. 所有的工作现在都做好了。Havethelettersbeenposted? 信都寄了吗?(5) 过去完成时的被动语态：hadbeen+过去分词Hesaidtheworkhadbeenfinished. 他说工作已完成了。(6) 现在进行时的被动语态：amis,arebeing+过去分词Mywatchisbeingrepairedbyhim. 我的表正在由他修理。Theplanisnowbeingdiscussed. 计划现在正在讨论。(7) 过去进行时的被动语态：waswerebeing+过去分词Hesaidthatthemanwasbeingoperatedon. 他说那个人正在动手术。Hetoldmethatanewstationwasbeingbuilt. 他说正在修建一个新车站。(8) 过去将来时的被动语态：wouldbe+过去分词Hesaidthatthemeetingwouldbeheldnextweek