新视野大学英语第三版第四册第三单元sectiona课件

4FredSmithandFedEx:ThevisionthatchangedtheworldUnit3SectionAAmanagerisnotapersonwhocandotheworkbetterthanhismen;heisapersonwhocangethismentodotheworkbetterthanhecan.

—FrederickW.Smith(Americanbusinessman,founderofFedEx)Thesecretofbusinessistoknowsomethingthatnobodyelseknows.—AristotleOnassis(Greekshippingmagnate)43UNITBeingentrepreneurialSectionA

43BeingentrepreneurialUNITObjectivesTotalkabouttheentrepreneurialspiritTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomastertheessaywritingskillFredSmithandFedEx:ThevisionthatchangedtheworldContentsAFredSmithandFedEx:ThevisionthatchangedtheworldSectionWarming-upActivitiesTextStudyLanguageApplicationSummary1.Whatisanentrepreneur?An

entrepreneur

isanindividualwhoacceptssomesortofrisk—usuallyfinancial—inthepursuitofnewbusiness.Thewordcanapplytoanypersonorganizinganewprojectoropportunity,thoughitismostoftenusedinbusinessworld.2.Whatarethegoodqualitiesofanentrepreneur?

greatabilitytolead;anintenselevelofstrongdeterminationandwillingnesstoworkhard;beinginnovativeandcreative;astrongmotivationtowardstheachievementofatask;theabilitytoestablishgoodrelationswithpeoplearound;

1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesepeopleandtheircompanies?PictureDescriptionThemaninthefirstpictureisSteveJobs,cofounderandformerchairmanandCEOofAppleInc.;ThemaninthesecondpictureisMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,theworld’slargestsocialnetworkingwebsite;ThemeninthethirdpictureareLarryPageandSergeyBrin,co-foundersofGoogleInc.2.Whatpersonalitytraitsdosuccessfulentrepreneurshaveincommon?Successfulentrepreneurshavemanypersonalitytraitsincommon,suchasstrongleadershipqualities,highmotivation,greatdetermination,willingnesstofail,competitivespirit,budget-mindedness,etc.PictureDescriptionThe__________definitionofanentrepreneurisapersonwhoorganizesandacceptstherisksofanewbusiness.Entrepreneursmayhaveanewproductorserviceto_____.Ortheymayhaveideasfornewwaystodobusiness.Butanentrepreneurialspiritdoesnothaveto___________thebusinessworld.Listentoashortpassageconcerningentrepreneurandfillinthemissinginformation.TobecontinuedtraditionalofferbelimitedtoListentoashortpassageconcerningentrepreneurandfillinthemissinginformation.Latelywehearmoreandmoreaboutsocialentrepreneurs.Whattheydois_______;theymightevenactlikebusinessentrepreneurs.Theymight______moneyinprojectsorgetotherstosupportthem.Butsocialentrepreneurssaytheyarenot______byadesireforprofits.TobecontinuedsimilarinvestguidedListentoashortpassageconcerningentrepreneurandfillinthemissinginformation.Theirmostimportantgoal,theysay,istocreatesocialvalue.Theyorganizeandsupportprogramsthat______improveconditionsincommunities.Socialentrepreneurssaytheylookforsolutionstoneedswithoutleavingthemtogovernmentorindustrytosolve.Andtheysaytheytryto_______thesolution.Inotherwords,tochangethesystem,

Tobecontinuedaimtospreadtheytrytogetwholesocietiestochange.Therearemanyhistoricalexamplesofpeoplewhomightbecalledsocialentrepreneurs.SusanB.Anthony,forexample,_________women'srightsintheUnitedStates.VinobaBhavecreatedtheLandGiftMovementtohelpIndia'spoorand________.positionlandlessfoughtforListentoashortpassageconcerningentrepreneurandfillinthemissinginformation.Whatdoyouknowabout“theMillionaire’sUnit”?ItisthenicknamefortheFirstYaleUnit,anavalairreserveunitconsideredtobethefirstintheUnitedStates.ItwasstartedbyF.TrubeeDavison,aYalesophomoreatthetime,in1915.Theunithad29memberswhowereallwealthyandfascinatedbyflying.TheirintentionwastolearntoflyairplanessoastodevelopAmerican’smilitaryaviation.CulturalBackground2.Whatdoyouknowaboutthe“hubandspoke”system?Itisasystemwhichmakestransportationmuchmoreefficientbyroutingallofthetrafficthroughoneorafewcentralhubs.TheFedExcompanytookadvantageofthisideainthe1970s,revolutionizingthewayairlineswererun.Nowthemodelisextensivelyusedincommercialaviationforbothpassengersandfreight.CulturalBackgroundWhatisthetypicalsceneatMemphisAirporteverynight?(Para.1)TipsCrewsunloadtheplane’scargo;Thepackagesandenvelopesarerapidlyreshuffledandsortedaccordingtoaddress;Thentheyareloadedontootheraircraft,andflowntotheirdestinations–manywithin24hoursofleavingtheirsenders.CanyoufindthetopicsentenceinParagraph2?TipsSmithisrecognizedasanoutstandingentrepreneurwithanagreeableandwinningpersonality.BeginningatypicalsceneinFedEx’sbusinessandabasicintroductionofFredSmith,thispartbringsoutthemaintopicandthesisoftheessay:Smithis“__________________________________________________________________________________”.PartI—Para.1–__2recognizedasanoutstandingEntrepreneurwithanagreeableandwinningpersonalityAsajuvenile,Smithwas______,sufferingfromadisease.Hewas_________bybullies,buthelearnedto______himself.Hewascuredofthediseaseat10andbecamea__________inhighschool.invalidpickedondefendPara.3starathleteHowdidSmith’spassionforflyinginfluencehisuniversitylife?(Para.4)TipsHehelpedrevivetheYaleflyingclub;Smithadministratedtheclub’sbusinessendandranasmallcharteroperationinNewHaven.TipsHedraftedaprototypeforatransportationcompanythatwouldguaranteeexpressdeliveryservice—sendingsmallandtime-sensitivegoodstomajorUSregionsovernight.Theprofessorwasn’timpressedbytheideaandtoldSmithitwasn’tfeasible.WhatdidSmithdoinhistermpaperforhiseconomicsclass?Howwasthepaperevaluatedbyhisprofessor?(Para.5)HomefromVietnam,Smithdecidedto____________startinghisownbusiness.Theearlydays__________________extremefrugalityandfinanciallosses.Buttheystill________________toensureagoodmedicalanddentalplanfortheiremployees.takeastabatwereunderscoredbysettheprecedentParas.8–9FedExpioneered____________andthe_______________system.Smithsayssuccessinbusiness____________threeelements:anappealingproductorservice,an__________________________,goodleadership.centralization“hubandspoke”boilsdowntoParas.10–11efficientmanagementsystemPartIII—Para.12Smith’sgreatconcernforhisemployeesillustrateshisP-S-Pphilosophy(___________________),whichisjustlikeanunbrokencircleorchain.People,Service,ProfitBasicintroductiontoSmithandhisFedExcompany.(Para.1)Smithis“recognizedasanoutstandingentrepreneurwithanagreeableandwinningpersonality”.(Para.2)IntroductionSectionOne:Smith’searlylifeExperiences.(Paras.3-7)SectionTwo:Smith’sbusinessexperience.(Paras.8-11)IntroductionBodySectionOne:Smith’searlylifeExperiences.(Paras.3-7)IntroductionSmith’schildhoodandhighschoolyears.(Para.3)Smith’sinterestinflyingandhissuccessfulmanagementoftheYaleflyingclubwhileincollege.(Para.4)Blueprintofhisbusiness–hispaperfortheeconomicsclass.(Para.5)Smith’smilitaryexperienceandwhathelearnedfromit.(Paras.6-7)BodySectionTwo:Smith’sbusinessexperience.(Paras.8-11)IntroductionSmith’sbusinessideaputintopracticepractice.(Para.8)Difficultiesintheearlystageofhisbusinessaswellashisgreatconcernforhisemployees.(Para.9)Smith’sbusinesssuccesssecrets:a“hubandspoke”systemandthethreekeypointsheconcluded.(Paras.10-11)BodyIntroductionFurtherdescriptionofSmith’sfriendlyandagreeablepersonalityandthesignificanceofhisP-S-Pphilosophy.(Para.12)ConclusionBodyIntroductionBodyConclusionFredSmithandFedEx:ThevisionthatchangedtheworldFrederickW.SmithisthefounderoftheFedExCorp.,thelargestandmostsuccessful_______________________.Heisrecognizedasanoutstandingentrepreneurwhois_________________bybothhiscompetitorsandemployees.Asajuvenile,hesufferedfromadiseaseandwasoften________bybullies.ButhispassionovernightdeliveryserviceheldinhighregardTobecontinuedpickedonpassionforflyingincreasedashegrewup.AtYaleUniversity,hehelpedto_____theYaleflyingclub.Inatermpaperforaneconomicsclass,he________________foratransportationcompanythatensureovernightdeliveryofsmalland____________goods,buttheprofessorsaiditwasn’t_______.Aftergraduation,he_________________andwenttoVietnam.Duringhismilitarydays,helearnedgoodrevivedraftedaprototypetime-sensitivefeasibleTobecontinuedjoinedtheMarinesLeadership________________________acompany.HomefromVietnam,hedecidedto___________startinghisownbusinessbuttheearlydays__________________extremefrugalityandfinanciallosses.Inspiteofdifficulties,hestill_______________toensuregoodmedicalplan.Hesaidsuccessinbusiness______________threeelements:appealingproductorservice,__________________________,andgoodleadership.hadmeasureableeffectsontakeastabatwereunderscoredbysettheprecedentboileddowntoefficientmanagementsystemPracticalPhrasesSpecificMeanings1.touchdown（飞机等）降落，着落2.holdsb./sth.inhighregard敬重；尊重3.pickonsb.找…的茬；与…过不去4.beontosth.发现新事物；制造出有

趣的事物5.take/have/makeastabat(doing)sth.试图（做）某事；尝试（做）某事6.boildowntosth.（能）归结为…（飞机等）降落，着落(touchdownsafely/deck/aircraftcarrier)Despitetheterribleweather,thepilotofthehelicoptermanagedtotouchdownsafelyonthedeckoftheaircraftcarrier.touchdown短语逆译短语应用尽管天气恶劣，直升机飞行员还是设法安全地着陆在航空母舰的甲板上。意群提示敬重；尊重(holdinhighregard/actas/mentors)Thestudentswereexcitedthatpeopletheyheldinhighregardagreedtoactastheirmentors.holdsb./sth.inhighregard短语逆译短语应用学生们感到非常兴奋，因为他们所敬重的人同意当他们的指导老师。意群提示找…的茬；与…过不去(makeone’sbloodboil/pickon)Itmakesmybloodboiltothinktwoadultsdecidedtopickonaninnocentkid.pickonsb.短语逆译短语应用一想到两个大人欺负一个天真的小孩，我就满腔怒火。意群提示发现新事物；制造出有趣的事物(archaeologists/beontosomething/dig)

Archaeologistsknewtheywereontosomethingbigwhentheystarteddigging.beontosth.短语逆译短语应用考古学家在发掘之初就知道他们将有重大发现。意群提示试图（做）某事；尝试（做）某事(release/inaneffort/makeanewstabat)Thepolicestationreleasednewdetailsinthecase,inanefforttomakeanewstabatfindingthemysteriousrobber.take/have/makeastabat(doing)sth.短语逆译短语应用警察局公布了案情的新细节，再次试图找到这个神秘的抢劫犯。意群提示（能）归结为…(boildown)Mostofthecrimesmayboildowntothequestionofmoney.boildowntosth.短语逆译短语应用大多数犯罪可以归结为金钱问题。意群提示FunctionalPatternsFunctions&Usages1.Recognized/acknowledgedas…,sb.isheldinhighregardby…用于说明“某人受尊重的程度”。2.Intheinterim,sb.doessth.,justassth.ishappening.用于表达“同一时间段内发生的事情”。3.Itisnotuncommonforsb.todosth.双重否定表示肯定，表达“某人经常做某事”。史密斯被公认为是一位和蔼可亲、性格迷人的杰出企业家。无论是他的竞争者、员工，还是他公司股票的持有人，都对他十分敬重。原句译文逆译练习Recognizedasanoutstandingentrepreneurwithanagreeableandwinningpersonality,Smithisheldinhighregardbyhiscompetitorsaswellashisemployeesandstockholders.句型提炼Recognized/Acknowledgedas…,Sb.isheldinhighregardby…句型提炼应用提示用于说明“某人受尊重的程度”。句型应用(philanthropist/allwalksoflife)典型例句比尔·盖茨被公认为是世界上最伟大的慈善家之一，社会各个阶层的人都对他十分敬重。

意群提示Widelyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestphilanthropistsintheworld,BillGatesisheldinhighregardbypeoplefromallwalksoflife.

在此期间，他于1966年从耶鲁大学毕业，那时正值美国在越战中越陷越深。原句译文逆译练习Intheinterim,hegraduatedfromYalein1966,justasAmerican’sinvolvementintheVietnamWarwasdeepening.句型提炼Intheinterim,sb.doessth.,justassth.ishappening.

句型提炼应用提示用于表达“同一时间段内发生的事情”。句型应用(bediagnosedwith/famineanddrought)典型例句在此期间，他在1976年被诊断患有癌症，那时饥荒和干旱正威胁着他的祖国。意群提示Intheinterim,hewasdiagnosedwithcancerin1976,justasfamineanddroughtwerethreateninghismotherland.联邦快递公司的司机自己掏腰包为货车付汽油费的情况屡见不鲜。原句译文逆译练习ItwasuncommonforFedExdriverstopayforgasolinefortheirvansoutoftheirownpockets.句型提炼Itisnotuncommonforsb.todosth.句型提炼应用提示双重否定表示肯定，表达“某人经常做某事”。句型应用(distinguishfrom/leek)典型例句对于城市孩子来说，无法区分韭菜和麦子，这种现象屡见不鲜。

意群提示Itisnotuncommonforcitychildrentofailtodistinguishleekfromwheat.

如今，史密斯这一源于大学时代的妙想已在现实中经营到了第28个年头，并已成为包裹快递入户行业的标杆。

a.Conceivedwhenhewasincollegeandnowinthe28thyearofoperation,Smith’sexquisitebrainchildhasbecomethestandardfordoor-to-doorpackagedelivery.(Para.1,L10)史密斯被公认为是一位和蔼可亲、性格迷人的杰出企业家。无论是他的竞争者、员工，还是他公司股票的持有人，都对他十分敬重。

b.Recognizedasanoutstandingentrepreneurwithanagreeableandwinningpersonality,Smithisheldinhighregardbyhiscompetitorsaswellashisemployeesandstockholders.(Para.2,L1)在军队中，领导力意味着能使团队中所有成员将个人的期望与抱负置于从属地位，而以实现集体目标为重。

c.Inthemilitary,leadershipmeansgettingagroupofpeopletosubordinatetheirindividualdesiresandambitionsfortheachievementoforganizationalgoals.(Para.7,L1)通过明确表达并亲身践行这一理念，弗雷德里克·史密斯已成为未来成功所必需的新领导领域的开拓者。

d.Inarticulatingthisphilosophyandinpersonallyinvolvinghimselfintisimplementation,FrederickSmithistheforerunnerofthenewsphereofleadershipthatsuccessinthefuturewilldemand.(Para.12,L8)1.WhatchallengesdoyouthinktheexpressdeliveryservicesinChinaarepresentlyfacedwith?2.Smithovercamemanydifficultiesinhislifetoachievesuccess.Howdoyoudealwithnegativeexperiencesinyourlife?3.Whatelementsdoyouconsiderasmostimportantforbusinesssuccess?TipsTipsTipsTome,thechallengesfacedbytheexpressdeliveryservicesinChinainclude:•highlyeffectivetransportationsystemnotyetestablished;•relativelyexpensivetransportationfees;•compensationsystemforlossordamageofpackagesnotyetcompleted.1.WhatchallengesdoyouthinktheexpressdeliveryservicesinChinaarepresentlyfacedwith?2.Smithovercamemanydifficultiesinhislifetoachievesuccess.Howdoyoudealwithnegativeexperiencesinyourlife?•Psychologicallyacceptnegativeexperiencesasaprocessoflearning;•Treatthemaschancestoovercomemyweaknesses;•Improvemyabilitytomakethebestofeveryexperience,includingnegativeones.•Leadershipability•Strategicplans•Anefficientproductionandmanagementsystem•Well-motivatedemployees•High-qualityproducts•Greatmarketingandcustomerservices•Innovativespirit3.Whatelementsdoyouconsiderasmostimportantforbusinesssuccess?

Chinese

students

with

a

pioneering

spirit

can

nowdefertheirstudies

to

start

their

own

business,

accordingtoChina’sEducationMinistry.Pleaseairyourviewsonthefollowingquestion:ShouldcollegegraduatesstarttheirownBusiness?

With

the

competition

in

the

job

market

becomingincreasingly

fierce

for

college

graduates,

some

ambitiousstudents

have

madeastabatstartingtheirownbusiness.Over

the

years,

there

have

been

many

successful

cases

of

student

entrepreneurship

and

such

attempts

should

be

encouraged

by

both

the

universities

and

the

society.College

students

who

start

businesses

are

pioneers.

tobecontinued

Faced

with

unknown

challenges,

they

are

brave

enoughtogo

on

a

risky

journey.Exposedtomanyuncertainties,theydevelopperseverance,anddeterminationthatareindispensibletoallthegreatentrepreneurs.Eveniftheyfail,theykeepexploringfornewbusinessopportunitiesandworktirelesslyuntiltheysucceed.Aspeopleofvision,initiative,leadershipandcreativityandinnovation,theyrepresentthefutureandthehopeofanation.

Chinese

students

with

a

pioneering

spirit

can

now

defer

their

studies

to

start

their

own

business,

accordingtoChina’sEducationMinistry.Pleaseairyourviewsonthefollowingquestion:Shouldcollegegraduatesstarttheir

own

business?

Tips

Watchavideoclipanddiscusssomequestions.Q:Whatadvicedidthespeakersgiveustostartbusinessandbecomeentrepreneurs?VideoWatching

Back

Whatadvicedidthespeakersgiveustostartbusinessandbecomeentrepreneurs?Goandworkwithyourheroes.Golearnfromthem;Startingisthemostimportantstep.Onceyoumakethatstep,whatyouhavetodoistotrusttheprocess;Asforproductbuilding,use“momtest”strategytodescribeproductstocustomers;Beingpassionateisthekey.…LanguageApplicationWritingDevicesOralReproductionParagraphTranslationAFredSmithandFedEx:ThevisionthatchangedtheworldSectionWriteanarrativewithbiographicalinformation

Abiographicalnarrativeessayisanillustrationofcertainpointstheauthorhasaboutaperson.Inaway,itissimilartoanargumentation,withallthefactsoftheperson’slifeasevidence.Instructure,likeanyothertypeofessay,abiographicalnarrativeessayincludesanintroduction,bodyandconclusion.Whenwritingtheintroductionofabiographicalnarrativeessay,youcanstartbygivingsomegeneralfactsaboutthechosenperson:WhoistobecontinuedWriteanarrativewithbiographicalinformationhe?Whatishefamousfor?Whyishespecialtoyou?Inaddition,youcanincludeasignificanteventaboutthepersontomakeyourbeginningmoremotivating.Afterthesebeginningsentences,youneedtocomposeathesisstatement,thatis,themainmessageorthemeyouwanttoconvincethereaderaboutthepersonthroughyouressay.Whenwritingthebody,youshouldgivedetailsthatproveyourthesisstatementandgivetobecontinuedWriteanarrativewithbiographicalinformationinsightstoyoursubject’spersonality.Considerthesequestionswhileselectingthedetails:•Whataretheimportantdatesintheperson’slife?•Istheresomethingintheperson’schildhoodthatshapedhispersonality?•Whatpersonalitytraitsdrivehimtosuccessormakehimspecial?•Arethereanycriticalturningpointsinhislife?tobecontinuedWriteanarrativewithbiographicalinformation•Whataretheperson’smajorachievements?•Whatistheperson’simpactonhistoryorsociety?Whenyouwritetheconclusionoftheessay,youcansummarizeyourmainpointsandreassertyourmajorclaimabouttheperson,butbesurenottorepeatspecificexamples.Let’stakeTextAasanexampleandfigureouthowitisorganizedasabiographicalnarrativeessay.

Introduction:WithadescriptionofaFedExbusinesssceneandsomegeneralfactsaboutFredSmith,theintroductionbringsoutthemaintopicandthethesisoftheessay:Smithis“recognizedasanoutstandingentrepreneurwithanagreeableandwinningpersonality”.Body:ItgivesanaccountofSmith’smostimportantearlylifeexperiences,aswellassomeimportantdetailswhichshowhimasanoutstandingentrepreneur.Conclusion:ItrestatesSmith’spersonalityandcloseswiththesignificanceofhisbusinessphilosophy.Readthefollowingoutlineandthesampleessay,andtrytofindouthowitdevelopsasabiographicalnarrativeessay.Introduction:Zuckerberg’swiderangeofinterestsandgreatenthusiasm,aswellashisachievements,makehimoneofthemostremarkableyoungmenofourtime.Body:1.Widerangeofinterests:ClassicsScienceSportstobecontinued2.Enthusiasm:CreationofFacebookDevotiontoworkConclusion:RestatementofthethemeSampleSample:MarkElliotZuckerbergisanAmericancomputerprogrammerandInternetentrepreneur.BornonMay14,1984inNewYork,heisbestknownasoneoftheco-foundersofthesocialnetworkingsiteFacebook.Hiswiderangeofinterestsandgreatenthusiasm,aswellashisachievements,makehimoneofthemostremarkableyoungmenofourtime.tobecontinuedSample:Zuckerberg'sinterestscoveravarietyofareas.Duringhishighschoolyears,heshowedgreatinterestintheclassics.InPhillipsExeterAcademy,hewonprizesinscience(math,astronomyandphysics)andclassicalstudies.Thenincollege,hewaswellknownforhisabilitytoreciteancientpoemssuchasTheIliad.Butdon’ttakehimasabookworm.Hewasalsoafencing(击剑运动)starandcaptainofthefencingteam.tobecontinuedSample:Whenaninterestdevelopsintoacareer,enthusiasmplaysamoreimportantrole.In2004whenhewasstillastudentatHarvard,Zuckerberg’sexpertiseincomputerscienceledhiswayintothecreationandconstructionofthepubliccommunityplatform,Facebook.Heandhisteammatesdevotedalotofenergyandtimeintotheprojectandovercamemanyunexpecteddifficulties.Itistheenthusiasmofcreationthatreallydrovehimandhismates.tobecontinuedSample:AsZuckerbergexplainedinaninterviewin2007:“Formeandmycolleagues,themostimportantthingisthatwecreateanopeninformationflowforpeople.”Rightnow,youmaybeenjoyingthegreatconvenienceofcommunicatingwithyourfriendsandotherpeoplearoundtheworldonFacebook.MuchoftheconveniencecomesfromZuckerberg’swiderangeofinterestsandhisgreatenthusiasmtowardwork.Thoughveryyoung,Zuckerberghasestablishedhimselfasoneofthemostsuccessfulentrepreneursofourtime.WritingpracticeDirections:Writeabiographicalnarrativeessayofnolessthan200wordsononeofthefollowingtopics.Onetopichasanoutlineyoucanfollow.Topic:AsuccessfulpersonIntroduction:•Basicintroductionoftheperson•MainmessageofyouressayBody:•Earlylifeexperiences(Family,education,etc.)•Startofhiscareerofgreatproject•Difficultiesencounteredalongtheway•PersonaltraitsrelatedtohissuccessConclusion:RestatementofthemostimpressivetraitsofthepersonMoretopics:•AfamouspersoninChinesehistory•ApersonclosetoyouoryouadmiremostSupposeyouaretogiveaspeechonlifeexperienceofJackMa.Makeaspeechonthefollowingtopic.

Youcanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.PartI.Introductiona.BasicinformationtoJackMaandAlibabaGroup.b.Thesisstatement:RecognizedasaChinesebusinessmagnateandphilanthropist,JackMaisthefounderandexecutivechairmanofAlibabaGroup.TobecontinuedPartII.Body(DetailedaccountofJackMa’slife)1.HiscollegelifeandhisinterestinstudyingEnglish;2.HisearlycontactwiththeInternetandhisbusiness;3.EstablishmentofAlibabaandTaobaoMarketplace.PartIII.ConclusionDescriptionofJackMa’spersonalityandhisgreatachievements.TobecontinuedYoucanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.Youmayadoptthefollowingexpressions.anagreeableandwinningpersonality;intheinterim;beontosomething;beunderscoredbyextremefrugalityandfinanciallosses;takeastabat;alongtheway;boildownto;appealingproductorservice,acompellingstrategy,anefficientmanagementsystem;takesb./sth.forgran