英语修辞单词汇总.doc

窗体顶端窗体底端英语修辞单词汇总比喻 figures of speech 对偶 Antithesis 暗喻(隐喻) Metaphor 明喻 Simile 夸张 Hyperbole 反语 Irony 借代 Metonymy 排比 Parallelism 拟人Personification 类比 Analogy 含蓄陈述 Understatement 委婉 Euphemism 转喻 Metonymy Synecdoche (提喻） Pun: (双关语） Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） Antithesis: (对照） Anti-climax (突降，反高潮） Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） Alliteration: (头韵） Onomatopoeia: (拟声）明喻（simile）定义：是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。基本格式：A 像 B比喻词：介词 as, like, of 连词 as if/ though，what, than, and 动词 seem, compare /treat to 词组 may as wellas, as it were, no more thanBeauty is as summer fruits ,which are easy to corrupt and cannot last美者犹如夏日鲜果，易腐难存He talks like a book all the time. 他老是文绉绉地说话。He has a heart of stone. 他有一副铁石心肠。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。What light is to the eye, that knowledge is to the mind.知识之于思想，犹如光线至于眼睛。A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled. 一言既出，驷马难追。So as she shows she seems the budding rose, yet sweeter far than is earthly flower.当她出现，犹如含苞的玫瑰，但却远比尘世的花清香He treats his child as the apple in the eye.Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.One might as well throw money into the sea as lend it to William.把钱借给威廉，就好像把钱扔到海里一样。He can no more swim than a hammer can. 他不能游泳正如锤子不能游泳一样。He is, as it were ,a walking dictionary. 他就像一部活字典。隐喻（metaphor）定义：不通过比喻词，直接将A当作B来描写，AB之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。基本格式：A 是 B分类： 名词性隐喻动词性隐喻 形容词、副词性隐喻 谚语中的隐喻Men are April when they woo,December when they wed,Maids are May when they are maids,but the sky changes when they are wives.男人求爱时是阳春四月，结婚后是寒冬腊月，女人少女时是明媚五月，出嫁后就风云莫测了。iron will 钢铁般的意志a silver tongue 流利的口才Time passed at a nails pace. 时间慢的像蜗牛爬一般。They lived from hand to mouth. 他们生活拮据。Some books are to be tested, other swallowed, and more few to be chewed and digested.书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。Misfortune dogged him at every turn. 灾难老是折磨他。I was snowed under work. 我工作忙的不可开交。Still waters run deep. 水静深流，人静心深。A little pot is soon hot. 小锅易沸，小人易怒。A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。提喻（synecdoche）定义：同性质、同种类、同一体的事物中，大小互代、部分和全体互代、抽象和具体互代、原料代替所构成的成品等，反之亦然分类：部分和整体互代抽象和具体互代个体代替整个类以材料代替事物They share the same roof. 他们住在一起。 （以部分代全体，即用roof，表示house）Life was a wearing to him. 生活令他感到厌倦。（以抽象代具体，即用wearing喻指a wearing thing令人厌倦的事情)He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿。（以个体代整个类，用Newton表示scientist科学家）Have you any coppers? 你有钱吗？(材料代事物，即以copper铜喻指coin money铜币）转喻(Metonymy)定义：A被B替换A 可是单词或词组B 与A有着紧密联系转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”.The kettle boils . 壶水开了。 (用the kettle壶，表示 the water in the kettle 壶水)He is fond of the bottle. 他喜欢喝酒。（用bottle装酒的瓶子，表示wine酒）Grey hairs should be respected. 老人应受到尊重。（用grey hairs白发，表示 old people老人)The pen is mightier than the sword.笔要比剑更锋利。 （用pen笔，表示article文章）换称（Antonomasia）定义：指专有名词和普通名词之间的互替有背景的专有名词在换称中的专有名词的背景来自三种渊源：宗教，古代及当代的历史和文学。有特指的普通名词宗教或神话渊源（biblical or mythological figures）Solomon（所罗门）a wise man（聪明人） Judas（犹大）a traitor（叛徒）历史渊源（historical figures） Nero（尼禄）a tyrant（暴君）文学渊源（literary figures） Uncle Tom（汤姆大叔）a Negro who compromises and conforms with the Whites（人妥协顺应的黑人）The bard of Avon 艾冯河畔诗人 Shakespearethe father of lies 谎言之父 SatanThe garden of English 英格兰的花园 KentThe father of waters 江河之父 the MississippiThe lion-hearted 狮心王Richard IThe iron Duke 铁公爵Wellington引喻（Allusion)定义：引用出自神话，童话，传说，寓言，文学作品的带典故性的词语。Swan song .（诗人作家等）最后作品。源于传说，天鹅将死，会发出悦耳鸣声。Greek gift.黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。The apple of discord.不和之因。对照或对比（antithesis）定义：是一种将结构相同或基本相同、意义完全相反的语句排列在一起，以达到加强效果的修辞手法。从形式上看，结构整齐匀称，音乐节律感较强从内容上看，它凝练集中，概括性强。因此，在名言、格言、谚语中运用广泛。Take little, give much. 少索取，多奉献。Pride hurts, modesty benefits. 满招损，谦受益。All for one, one for all. 人人为我，我为人人。Faults are thick where love is thin. 一朝情义谈，样样不顺眼。We prefer to die a hero, rather live a slave.Give me liberty, or give me death 不自由毋宁死。平行（Parallelism）定义：把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语、句子排列成串,形成一个整体.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.结构 意思对照 相同 相反平行 相同 相关拟人(Personification)定义：指把物（包括物体、动物、思想或抽象概念）拟人，使其具有人的外表、个性或情感的这样的修辞手段。 拟人可以通过形容词、动词或名词表现出来。Thirsty soil drank in the rain.饥渴的土壤在雨中畅饮。The flowers nodded in the breeze.花儿在微风中点头。矛盾修饰法 oxymoron定义：一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法。 这两个反义词是矛盾的统一体，反应事物之间的辩证关系，能产生讽刺等修辞效果。in a deafening silence震耳欲聋的沉默a mournful optimist 悲伤的乐观What she said is falsely true.他说的话似真实假。“Youve already got one,” Baochai chuckled, “Much Ado about Nothing is just the name for you.”宝钗笑道：“你的绰号早有了，无事忙三个字恰当得很。”They had a love-hate relationship. 他们的关系爱恨交加。That is a life-and-death struggle. 那是一场生死搏斗。I could not help feeling the despair of hope itself. 我对希望本身感到绝望。The illiteracy of the literate。 无知的文化人。夸张（hyperbole）运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。I d give the world to see you. 只要能见到你，我愿意付出任何代价。We must fight for every inch of land.我们必须寸土必争。Im as poor as poor can be.我穷的不能再穷。I was confronted with a difficulty of difficulties.我遇到的问题那是难中之难啊。Im honest to the core.我诚实至真。He is an artist to his fingertips. 他是个地地道道的艺术家。一笔双叙（Syllepsis )用一个词或词组（动词、介词、形容词）同时与两个名词（名词词组）搭配的现象。且是自然搭配，既符合语法又符合逻辑。并利用一词多义的特点，在与一词搭配时用一种词义，与另一词搭配时用另一种词义。He lost his coat and his temper. 他因丢了大衣而大发脾气。Mr. Pickwick took his hat and his leave. 匹克威克先生拿起帽子，拔腿就走。She was serving soup with a ladle and scowl. 她阴沉着脸用勺子分汤。Love and a cough cannot be hid. 咳嗽禁不住，爱情会吐露。The tank fired ,and the bridge and many hopes sank.Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat.She opened the door and her heart to the homeless child.She dropped a tear and her pocket handkerchief.轭式修饰法 (zeugma) 当一个中心词与另外两个（或多个）词搭配时，这个中心词与其中一个（或多个）词属正常的自然搭配，而与另一个或其他的词不是自然搭配。 如果