英语字母组合发音.doc

英语字母组合发音26个字母发音规律 a /ei/ name cake table /A/ apple cat map am /C: / want dance /C/ what watch b /b/ book big bag box c /k/ cat cake cup clock car /s/ face nice pencil books d/d/ desk doll dog dad e /i:/ he she meet me /e/ elephant egg bed pen f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan g/ gun glass glad glove /dV/ age orange h /h/ hat he house hand i /ai / fine bike five ice /i/ is sit miss pig picture j / dV / jeep jam jar jacket k /k/ kite cake black thank l /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp /l/ apple bowl tell old m/m/ am map my mouth milk n /n/ no know new hand o/u / old home nose coke /o/ dog not clockbox /Q / son month mother love p/p/ map jeep pig pen apple q/kw / quite quilt quick r /r/ red radio brother racket s /s/ sit miss this smile books /z/ nose those rose rulers t /t/ it sit not that table little u /ju: / use usually excuse /Q / bus us sun duck / u / put pull push v/v / five vase very seven w /w/ we window watch want x /ks / box six fox y /ai / my fly why bye / j / yes yellow / i / happy baby very z / z / zoo zero 元音组合 ai /ei/ wait paint ay /ei/ may day say playair /ZE / air hair chair al /C: / tall small ball ar /B: / farther farm car armea /i:/ meat please tea /e/ head bread / iE /theater ear/ iE/ear hear near / Z / bear / E: / earth ee /i:/ meet see bee eir / ZE/ their er / E / worker teacher / E : / her ere / IE / here 英语语音知识（一）音节：一个元音，或一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合称为音节。m, n, l, N和辅音音素结合，也可以构成一个音节。如：/ 5lisn / .单词重音：在多音节或双音节词中，有一个读得特别响亮的音节，叫做重读音节。除了一些复合词外，一般说来，每个单词只有一个重读音节，重读音节用重音符号 5 来表示。单音节词不标重音符号，但必须重读。开音节：绝对开音节：辅音字母 + 元音字母相对开音节：元音字母 + 辅音字母（除r）+ e （不发音）在重读开音节中，元音字母都读作字母的发音。重读开音节是由一个元音字母，一个辅音字母（r除外）和一个不发音的e构成。如 name ，词尾带有不发音的e, 属于开音节, 元音a就念这个字母的本身发音 ei。闭音节：元音字母 + 辅音字母（除r）在重读闭音节中，元音字母a读作/A /， e 读作/ e /，I (y)读作/ I /，o读作/ R /，u读作/ u / 或 / Q /.（重读闭音节三要素：1. 必须是重读音节； 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母；3. 元音字母发短元音。）重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorryb)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare, inform, discuss, impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim,translate c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record, record; insult, insult; conduct, conduct; present present; content, content d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。outside, retell, well-known, unreal, fifteen, Chinese, pre-war, post-war B)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult, communist, family, economy, opportunity,democracy. b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。carefully, indefinite, comfortable, conductor, according, disturbance, complicated,establishment, c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在后缀的前一个音节上。courteous, calligraphy, editorial, historian, periodic, mathematics, experience,sufficient, identify, translation, religious, curiosity, protective d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain, employee, mountaineer, Japanese, cigarette读音规律元音字母a, e, i, o, u, y（在辅音字母后面）在重读开音节中的读音规律见下表：元音字母读 音例 词aeiCanadian, native, patient, labour, salesman, translate, population, nature, liberation特殊eany, many; ZMary, Parent, various, carry; R:water; Ahaveei:fever, recycle, metre, Chinese, complete, even, evening, recently, scene, secret, eveiaisilence, design, provide, bicycle, library, exciting, quiteigive, livei:machine, magazine, police, techniqueourobot, lonely, program, only, clothes, October, socialist, motor, oceanu:move, improve, whose, lose, proveQabove, come, some, none, government, cover特殊uwoman; iwomen; wQone, onceuu:ruler, conclude, revolutionju:pupil, usually, stupid不发音guess, guard, guest, league特殊ebury; ibusy; juduringyaibye, Hyde, my, sky, why元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读闭音节中的读音规律见下表：元音字母读 音例 词aAan, at, back, cat, fan, has, apple, carrot, factory, Japan, madam, manager, SaturdayB:dance, chance, example, rather, answer, basket, after, path, grasp, task, fast, past, glass, pass, cast, class, grass, master, advance, commandRwant, what, watch, wash, quantity, quarrel, wander, wallet特殊Amass; eidangerouseefresh, envelope, develop, respect, message, umbrella, sentence, president, televisioniiprison, living, children, official, village, scientificaibehind, blind, find, kind, wild, 例外：wind i n. ai v.oRsolid, common, poverty, biology, probably, comrade, laboratory, long, lock, oppositeQmonth, thorough, dozen, government, wonderful, stomach, Londonuboth, post, old, scold, hold, soldier, golduQugly, struggle, interrupt, suddenly, construction, pulseusugar, full, pull, put, push元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规律见下表：iaeoaeiyagainChinaEnglandmadamwomanAmericaAustraliabananaJapanesebrokenchildrendifferentlicenseopenproblemstudentoclockcarrotpolicetodaywelcometomorroworangevillagebasketbecausebeginbusinesschickenelevenexcusehundredticketartistEnglishbuildingmusicofficevisitbusinessfamilyminibusanycitycountryearlyfactoryfiftyfriendlyheavyhungry元音字母组合在单词中的读音规律见下表：读音字母组合例 词er, or, ou, our, ure轻读after, brother, cleaner, driver, exercise, flower, letter, number, ruler, forget, thorough, poisonous, curious, serious, labour, honour, neighbour, colour, figure, picture:ear, er, ir, or, urearly, learn, search, heard, earth, her, hers, certainly, bird, first, girl, shirt, skirt, thirsty, third, work, worker, word, nurse, turn, Thursday, surfaceuoa, ou, owboat, goat, coat, though, although, shoulder, soul, grow, know, row, throw, bowluldoldold, cold, told, soldaiighhigh, light, rightaiireadmire, tireaildildchild, 但childrenildaindindfind, kindauou, owabout, blouse, count, house, mouth, out, round, trousers, brown, down, how, now, flower, 特殊：knowledgeRB:al不在词首half, calmB:ar/areare, arm, artist, car, far, farm, hard, garden, market, partyeeaheavy, bread, measure, ahead, weather, sweater, pleasure, meant, dealt, head, health, breakfast, sweatereiai, ay, ei, eyagain, straight, train, away, day, may, play, say, stay, eight, eighteenth, eighty, hey, greyiay轻读Monday, weekdayi:ea, ee, eo, iecheap, clean, each, easy, eat, leave, meal, meat, read, sea, tea, teach, team, feet, meet, sleep, week, wheel, people, believe, piece, 特殊：quietaiiear, eer, ereear, clear, dear, hear, near, tear(泪水), year, pioneer, sneer, hereQoutrouble, southern, touch, country, cousin, enough, youngR:al不在词首,au, oor, or, ore, ou, ourball, call, small, talk, tall, wall, daughter, door, floor, or, for, forty, morning, short, sport, before, ought, thought, four, your, yours, 特殊：coughRR:lal在词首almost, always, already, although, altogether, also, 特殊：allR:Rioi, oynoise, boy, toyuoo, oulbook, cook, foot, good, look, football, goodness, could, would, shouldu:oo, oubroom, food, moon, soon, too, zoo, school, afternoon, noodle, youth, you, wound, through, route, groupZair, are, ear, ere, eirair, chair, hair, glare, hare, stare, pear, wear, tear(撕、扯), there, where, their, theirs特殊eaOceaniai5ei, realityi5A, theatrei, reallyi, ocean, beautiful(不发音)辅音字母和字母组合在单词中的读音规律见下表：字母读音例 词字母读音例 词bbback, table, bringww wash, would, swimck card, catch, closexx taxi, excuse, expensives face, city