英语语法论文试析英语中的隐性否定现象.doc

英语语法论文：试析英语中的隐性否定现象摘要：本文就英语教学中词、短语、句子的形式上肯定而意义上否定的表达方法作初步的探讨。关键词:词;短语;词组;句子;隐性否定所谓隐性否定是指英语中有些词或短语不与否定词no、not等连用，就可以表示否定意思。这些词、短语通过本身的词汇意义或引申意义表现出否定意思。1、用词表达否定意义表达否定意义的词主要是名词、动词、形容词、介词等。(1)名词。ignorance of law is of no excuse.无视法律是不能原谅的。we try to make up for the shortage of labor and materials.我们试图弥补劳力和材料的不足。i can not buy it because of my lack of money.我没有钱，所以不能买。his absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.他开车时心不在焉，差点造成交通事故。my failure surprised all of them.我的失败使他们都很吃惊。her refusal to help them made me angry.她拒绝帮助他们使我很生气。the children were in a state of neglect.孩子们无人看管。she complained about the omission of her name from the list.她抱怨名单上没有她的名字。(2)动词。he missed the school bus.他没赶上校车。the door refused to open.门开不开。the teacher forbids us the use of this word.老师不许我们使用这个字眼。im afraid her name escapes me.我恐怕记不起她的名字了。we failedto understand his meaning.我们不明白他的意思。i neglected to water the flower.我忘记给花浇水了。he forgot to do his homework,他忘了做作业。she ignored my question.她不回答我的问题。(3)形容词。most of the roads are now free of snow.大多数马路现已没有积雪。its hard to learn english well.学好英语不容易。he is reluctant to play football with us.他不愿意和我们踢足球。my granny is in poor health.我奶奶身体不好。snow is absent is some countries.雪在一些国家是看不到的。the climate in beijing and in guangzhou is different.北京和广州的气候是不同的。(4)介词。learning without thought is labor lost.学而不思则罔。the book is above me.这本书我看不懂。she was touched beyond words.她激动得无法形容her apearance is against us.她的出现对我们不利。i earn under $100 a mouth.我每月挣的钱不足100美元。their suggestion is beneath consideration.他们的建议不值得考虑。the patient is from danger.病人已没有危险了。my father is off smoking.我父亲已戒烟了。2、用短语或词组表达否定意义表达否定意义的短语或词组通常有动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语。(1)动词短语。i raised my hands to protect my face from the blow.我抬起手挡住脸不被打。if they offer help,well turn them down.如果他们想帮我们，我们也不会接受的。keep off the grass.请勿践踏草坪！danger!keep away!危险！请勿靠近！his answer to this question differs from mine.他这道题的答案与我的不同。iiiness prevented me from attending the meeting.我因病未能出席会议。(2)形容词短语。they are short of money.他们缺少资金。she always felt inferior to her elder sister.她总觉得自己不如姐姐。my home is far from my school.我家离学校很远。we are different from each other in many ways.我们在很多方面都不同。(3)介词短语。when i missed the last bus.i was at a loss to know what to do.没赶上最后一班车，我不知如何是好。all their efforts were in vain.他们所有的努力都没用了。the sisters are both in the wrong.姐妹俩都错了。3、用句子表达否定意义最常见的肯定句表示否定意义有以下几种：(1)比较结构。shed rather die than lose her children.她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子。he is more bold than wise.他有勇无谋。i borrowed some books other than english books.我借了一些书，借不都是英语书。(2)条件句。before i could protest,he got to his feet.我还没来得及提出异议，他已站了起来。if the train arrives on time ill eat my hat.火车决不会正点到达。(3)感叹句。if only i knew the answer!但愿我知道答案就好了！as if he would do!他才不会做呢！(4)祈使句。hurry up,or youll be late.快点，否则你就要迟到了。(5)陈述句。he is the last man to rely on.他是最不