大学英语第二册第5课课文及课后答案.doc

UNIT 5TEXT在一个年轻朋友的眼中，爱因斯坦是一位朴素、谦虚的普通人。 教授和溜溜球 托马斯. 李. 巴基 及约瑟夫.布兰克 我父亲与阿尔伯特. 爱因斯坦是密友。青年时上爱因斯坦家去拜访，我很害羞，爱因斯坦就说：“我给你看一样东西。”他的话使我感到释然。他走向他的书桌，转过身时拿着一个溜溜球。他试着给我演示它如何运动，却不能让它沿绳子卷上去。该轮到我时，我仅略施小技，并且向他指出他将绳子卷错了，玩具就失去了平衡。爱因斯坦点着头，对我的技巧和知识留下了很深的印象。后来，我买了一个新的溜溜球，寄给教授作为圣诞礼物，并收到了他的一首充满感谢的诗。 由少年而至成年，我从未失去对爱因斯坦独具人格的好奇心。他是我所知的唯一的一个对自己对周围很淡泊的人。他知道自己需要什么，仅需要：在作为人的能力范围内去了解宇宙的特性，它的逻辑及功能的易行性。他知道有他智力所不能及的答案。但这并不令他泄气。他对自己所能做到的感到满足。 在我们长达23年的友情里，我从未见他表示过妒忌、虚荣心、痛苦、愤怒、憎恨或个人野心。他不弄玄虚。尽管他与世界上许多头面人物有过书信交往，他的信笺上却只有一个水印-W-代表伍尔沃斯连锁店。 他工作只需一支铅笔和一本便签薄。物质财富对他来说并不意味着什么，我知道他身上从不带钱，因为他不需要它。他恪守俭朴，节俭之甚，仅用安全剃刀和水来刮胡须。当我向他建议用刮须膏时，他说：“刀和水能管用。”他耸耸肩。最后，我送他一管刮须膏。第二天早晨他下楼吃早餐时，脸上洋溢着伟大新发现的喜悦。“你知道刮须膏真管用，”他宣称，“感觉真好。”尔后，他每天使用刮须膏，直到那一管用完为止。然后他重又使用清水。 爱因斯坦是一个地地道道的理论家。他对自己的思想和理念在实际上的应用毫无兴趣。他的E=mc2可能是历史上最有名的方程式-然而爱因斯坦不愿到外面去看核反应堆产生原子能。他的光电理论，他认为不甚重要的一系列方程式，为他赢得了诺贝尔奖，但他对他的理论如何用来生产电视机毫不关心。 我的兄弟有一次送给教授一个玩具，那是一只鸟平衡于一只盛满水的碗的边缘上，不断地将它的头啄入水中。爱因斯坦兴趣盎然地观看它，试图推理出其操作原理。但他失败了。 第二天早上他宣布：“昨天上床前我思考了很久，那只鸟一定是这样工作”他开始了一个长长的解释。然后他停止了，发现自己的推理里有一个错误。“不，我猜不是这样的。”他说。好几天他都在探讨着不同的理论，直至我建议打开下玩具看个究竟。他的飞快的不屑一顾的神情告诉我，他对这种应用态度不以为然。他一直未能弄清其中奥妙。 爱因斯坦所不能理解的另一个迷是他的名气。他所发展的理论非常深奥，仅在相对少数的科学家里才能引起反响。尽管如此，他的错别字在文明世界里却家喻户晓。“我有好的思想，其他的人也一样，”他有一次说，“只是因为运气好，我的思想才被人们接受。”他为自己的名声所惑：人们渴望与他见面，陌生人站在街头望着他，科学家们，政界要人们，学子们以及家庭主妇们给他写信。他从来不明白为何自己倍受关注，为何他被作为特殊人物挑选出来。Seen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.The Professor and the Yo-yo Thomas Lee Bucky with Joseph P. BlanmMy father was a close friend of Albert Einstein As a shy young visitor to Einsteins home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, I have something to show you. He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldnt make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the worlds most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark -W-for Woolworths.To do his work he needed only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, The razor and water do the job.But Professor, why dont you try the cream just once? I argued. It makes shaving smoother and less painful.He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. You know, that cream really works, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didnt have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet Einstein wouldnt walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didnt have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But he couldnt.The next morning he announced, I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way . He began a long explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. No, I guess thats not it, he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. Ive had good ideas, and so have other men, he once said. But its been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted. He was bewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.NEW WORDSmodest a. having or expressing a not too high opinion of ones merits, abilities, etc.谦虚的a.1. 谦虚的,审慎的(+about)Hes got a drawer full of medals but hes too modest to wear them.他有满满一抽屉的奖章,但是他很谦虚,从不戴它们。2. (女性及其衣饰)端庄的;稳重的She wore a modest bathing suit.她穿一件不太暴露的游泳衣。3. 不太大(或多)的;适度的,有节制的Prices tended to rise year by year, but at a modest rate.物价年年上涨,但幅度不大。yo-yo n. 游游(一种用线扯动使忽上忽下的轮形玩具)n.1. 溜溜球2. 【美】【俚】摇摆不定的傻瓜;笨蛋Dont talk to him, he is a real yo-yo.不要跟他说话,他真是个摇摆不定的呆瓜。ease n. freedom from work, discomfort ,trouble, difficulty, worry, etc.悠闲;舒适;自在;安心n.U1. 容易;不费力Their team won the game with ease.他们队轻松地赢了那场比赛。2. 舒适;悠闲The retired couple lived a life of ease.这对退休夫妇过着安逸的生活。3. 自在,不拘束The hostess greeted her guests with ease.女主人自然大方地迎接客人。display vt. show展示vt.1. 陈列;展出The cakes were displayed in the window.糕点陈列在橱窗中。2. 显示;表现;显露He displayed interest in archaeology.他对考古学有兴趣。3. 炫耀,夸示n.1. 展览,陈列;表演CUChildren enjoy a fireworks display.孩子们喜爱看烟火。2. 陈列品,展览品CI like the way the displays are arranged in the museum.我喜欢那个博物馆里展品陈列的方式。3. 显示,表现CU4. 炫耀CUHe made a display of his learning.他夸耀自己有学问。loop vt. 把(绳等)打成环vt.1. 把(绳等)打成环,使成圈2. 用环扣住(或套住);缠绕She looped the curtain up.她把帘子打环卷起。He looped the rope around the pole.他将绳子绕在柱子上。n.圈,环n.C1. (线,铁丝等绕成的)圈,环Wind the wire in loops and put it away in the toolshed.把铁丝绕成圈圈,放到工具棚里。2. 环状物;环路,环线;(河等的)弯曲处The road makes a wide loop around the lake.这条路沿湖绕一大圈。3. 节育环the S4. (铁路)会车线5. (特技飞行)筋斗,翻筋斗string n. 细绳,线;弦n.1. 线;细绳;带子UCI need a piece of string to tie this parcel up.我需要一根细绳把这包裹扎起来。2. (附在衣服等上的)带子,丝带C3. (穿珠,钱等的)串线,串绳C4. 一串,一行,一列C(+of)A string of accidents happened at that corner.在那个转角发生了一连串的事故。The monk wears a string of beads.和尚戴着一串念珠。5. (植物的)纤维,筋C6. (乐器等的)弦CThere are four strings on a violin.小提琴有四根弦。balance n. condition of being steady平衡n.1. 平衡,均衡USI lost my balance and fell.我身体失去平衡,摔了一跤。2. 协调,和谐US3. 平静,镇定U4. 天平,秤CIn what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store?实验室的天平与商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同?5. 结存;结余CThe balance on your account is US$5.你的帐户上余额为五美金。6. 平衡物;抵消因素C(+to)v. keep in state of balancevt.1. 使平衡;保持.的平衡In order to balance their trade, they would have to buy less goods in the United States.为了平衡贸易,他们将不得不减少在美国购货。2. 权衡,比较(+against)The judge balanced the contention of both parties.法官权衡了双方的论点。3. 使相称;与.相称4. 用天平称;估量5. 抵消;补偿(+off/out/up)Wage increase was balanced off by rising cost of living.加到的工资被上升的生活费用抵消。6. 结算;使收支平衡vi.1. 得到平衡;保持平衡2. 相称3. 被抵消(+out)4. 收支平衡properly ad. really; completely非常,完全地ad.1. 恰当地;正确地2. 有礼貌地;体面地3. 严格地;实际上That is not, properly speaking, a dictionary, but a grammar.严格说来;那不是一本词典,而是一本语法书。4. 理所当然地An honest man is properly indignant at the offer of a bribe.一个诚实的人对行贿理所当然感到愤慨。5. 【主英】【口】完全地;彻底地impress vt. have a strong effect on the mind or feelings of给.深刻的印象vt.1. 给.极深的印象;使感动WHI was very impressed by his story.他的故事深深打动了我。The woman impressed me most unfavorably.这女人给我的印象极差。2. 使铭记,铭刻O(+on/upon)My father impressed on me the importance of hard work.我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。Our teacher impressed us with the importance of industry and economy.老师要我们牢牢记住勤奋节俭的重要性。3. 印,压印;盖(印)于+on/intoHe impressed his initials on the box.他把自己名字的起首字母印在那只盒子上。impressn.1. 印记;痕迹The suspects shoes left impresses in the snow.嫌疑犯的鞋子在雪地里留下了压印。2. 印象,影响Their honesty and hospitality left an enduring impress on her life.他们的诚实与好客给她一生留下了难以磨灭的印象。3. 特征mail vt. send by post vt.1. 【美】邮寄(+to)I have mailed the letter.我已将该信付邮。mail2n.1. 【美】邮递;邮政Uthe SAir mail is quicker than sea mail.空邮比海运快。2. 邮件UIs there any mail this morning?今天上午有邮件吗?3. 【美】一次递送的邮件C4. 邮政工具(指邮车、邮船等)Cpoem n. piece of writing in verse诗n.1. (一首)诗personality n. character个性n.1. 人格,品格CUHis personality left a deep impression on us.他的人品给我们留下了深刻的印象。2. (显明的)个性,性格CUHe has a strong personality.他性格坚强。3. 名人,名士CA number of local personalities were present at the meeting.一些当地名人出席了会议。4. 人身攻击,诽谤P1The argument deteriorated into personalities.那场争论演变成人身攻击。logic n. the science or method of reasoning 逻辑(学); 推理(法)n.U1. 逻辑;逻辑学I can not understand her logic.我不能理解她的逻辑。2. 推理(法)3. 道理;理由There is no logic in what she says.他讲的话没有道理。4. 必然的联系(或结果)5. 【电脑】逻辑,逻辑操作simplicity n. the state of being simple; an absence of pretense 简单;简朴;单纯 n.1. 简单,简易;简明UThe advantage of the idea was its simplicity.这个主意的优点就在于它简单明了。2. 简明易懂的事物P3. 简朴,朴素UShe dressed with elegant simplicity.她的穿着朴素而雅致。4. 纯朴,单纯U5. 真诚,坦率U6. 无知,愚蠢UHis simplicity made him easily fooled.他的无知使他很容易受骗上当。function vi. workvi.1. (机器等)工作,运行The refrigerator is not functioning well.冰箱有点问题。2. 起作用(+as)The sofa functions as a bed at night.这沙发在夜里可以当床。n.C1. 官能,功能,作用The teacher did not explain its grammatical function.老师没有解释它的语法功能。2. 职务,职责What is his function on the committee?他在委员会里担任什么职务?3. 盛大的集会(或宴会,宗教仪式)I attended many social functions while working abroad.我在国外工作期间出席了许多社交会。4. 【数】函数intellectual a. 智力的 a.1. 智力的;理智的intellectual powers智力2. 需智力的Chess is a highly intellectual game.象棋是需用高度智力的运动项目。3. 智力发达的,聪明的intellectual people智力很高的人n.1. 知识分子;有很高智力的人Cfrustrate vt. cause to have feelings of annoyed disappointment; defeat使沮丧;挫败 vt.1. 挫败;阻挠;使感到灰心They made their preparations to frustrate the conspiracy.他们作好准备挫败这个阴谋。He was frustrated by repeated failures.他因一再失败而灰心丧气。2. 使无效frustration n. n.1. 挫折,失败,挫败UCLife is full of frustrations.生活充满了挫折。He vented his frustration on his wife.他受到挫折却把气发泄到妻子身上。jealousy n. envy妒忌 n.1. 妒忌;猜忌UCHe is above jealousy.他不会妒忌别人。2. 戒备,警惕Ujealous a. a.1. 妒忌的(+of)He was jealous of his friends reputation.他妒忌朋友的声誉。Why is he so jealous?他为何这么会妒忌?2. 吃醋的If other men spoke to her intimately he was immediately jealous.一见到别的男人跟她亲热地交谈,他便会醋劲大发。3. 小心守护的,惟恐失去的(+of)We are jealous of our hard-won freedom.我们珍惜得来不易的自由。vanity n. state of being too proud of oneself or ones looks, abilities, etc.虚荣心 n.1. 自负;虚荣(心)UHe did that to gratify his girlfriends vanity.他做那事是要满足他女友的虚荣心。2. 虚幻;无意义,无益Uthe vanity of a selfish life利己生活的空虚无聊3. 无价值的东西CI had forsaken the vanities of the world.我已将人世的无聊琐事置之不理。bitterness n. the quality or state of being bitter 苦;痛苦 n.1. 苦味2. 痛苦,悲痛3. 酷烈resentment n. feeling that one has when insulted, ignored, injured, etc.怨恨 n.1. 愤慨,忿怒,怨恨UC(+at/against)Yet they did not dare to show their resentment.然而他们不敢流露出他们的愤慨。He felt resentment at the intrusion.他因受到干扰而十分恼火。ambition n. strong desire for success, power riches etc.野心;抱负 n.1. 雄心,抱负UCHer son was filled with ambition to become a great inventor.她儿子一心想成为伟大的发明家。2. 野心UC3. 追求的目标CHer ambition was to become a film star.她一心追求的是做电影明星。ambitious a. a.1. 有雄心的;野心勃勃的(+for/of)+to-vShe is an ambitious woman.她是一个雄心勃勃的女人。2. 显示野心(或雄心)的He then attempted something more ambitious, a novel of 200,000 words.接着他试图写作一部更大的作品,一本二十万字的长篇小说。3. 炫耀的immune a. 有免疫力的，不受影响的 a.1. 免疫的2. 免除的;免于.的immunity n. n.1. 免疫力;免疫性U(+against/to)immunity against typhoid对伤寒的免疫力2. 免除,豁免U(+from)The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。3. 豁免权UCdiplomatic immunity外交豁免权emotion n. strong feeling n.1. 感情,情感CLove, hatred, and grief are emotions.爱,恨和悲都是情感。2. 激动Upretension n. 矫饰;做作;虚荣 n.CU1. 借口,托词2. 要求;权利P1(+to)have no pretensions to the title配不上这个称号3. 自称,自命P1(+to/of)I make no pretensions to expert Knowledge of financial matters.我不自诩有金融方面的专门知识。4. 假装,做作;虚荣correspond vi. exchange letters regularly 通信 vi.1. 符合,一致(+to/with)I assure you my actions will correspond with my words.我向你保证,我将言行一致。2. 相当,相应(+to)The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.美国国会相当于英国议会。3. 通信(+with)Have you been corresponding with him?你一直和他通信吗?stationery n. exchange letters, usu. With matching envelopes; writing materials 信笺;文具 n.1. 文具;信纸Ustationery and envelopes信纸信封watermark n. mark made on paper by the maker, seen when it is held against light 水印 n.1. 水位标志;水印vt.1. 在.上印水印图案;水印(图案)pad n. a number of sheets of writing paper fixed along one edge便笺薄 n.C1. 垫,衬垫;护垫;鞍垫Football and hockey players wear shoulder pads.足球和曲棍球球员都戴垫肩。That carpet needs a pad under it.那块地毯下面要铺衬垫。2. (狗,狐狸等动物的)肉趾;(动物的)脚;脚印3. 打印台,印色盒,印泥4. (能一张一张扯用的)便条纸簿Each student should have a pencil and pad.每个学生都应有一支铅笔和一本便条纸簿。5. (导弹,火箭等的)发射台;直升机的升降台6. (电脑)输入键盘(=keypad)7. (荷花等的)大浮叶8. 【俚】房间;公寓vt.1. (用软物)填塞,衬填(+with)They padded the seat of the chair with horse-hair to make it soft.他们往椅子的坐垫里填塞马鬃以使之柔软。2. (用废话等)拉长,铺张(文章等)(+out)3. 【美】浮报(帐目等)(+out)pad2 vi.1. 步行;放轻脚步走(或跑)QThey padded the same path every day.他们每天走这同一条路。He put on his slippers and padded out to the kitchen.他穿上拖鞋走到厨房去。vt.1. 走(路);沿着.走The farmers padded the long road into town.农夫走长长的路进城去。razor n. sharp instrument for taking hair off the body剃刀 n.1. 剃刀CHe shaved his face with a razor.他用剃刀刮脸。shave vt. cut off (hair or beard) with a razor vt.1. 剃去.上的毛发;刮(脸)等shave ones face刮脸2. 刮(胡子等)(+off/away)He shaved off his beard.他剃掉了胡须。3. 修剪(+off)He asked me to shave the lawn.他叫我修剪草坪。4. 刨;刨掉(+off)The carpenter shaved off a small amount from the bottom of the door to make it close properly.木匠将门底边刨去了一点使它正好关上。5. 将.切成薄片(+off)She bought a packet of shaved ham.她买了一包切成薄片的火腿。6. 擦过,掠过The airplane shaved the top of a tree.那架飞机从树梢掠过。7. 【口】削减;略减(价格等)(+off/from)cream n. any thick, soft liquid膏状物 n.1. 奶油;乳脂UButter is made from cream.奶油是从乳脂中提取而成的。2. 含奶油的食品;乳脂状的食品CU3. 膏状物;化妆用乳霜;药用乳膏CU4. 精华;最精彩的部分the S(+of)5. 奶油色,乳脂色Ua.1. 奶油色的,淡黄色的,乳黄色的vt.1. 把.打成乳脂状2. 从(牛奶中)提取乳脂3. 提取(精华);选出(最好的部分)(+off)They creamed off the best students and sent them to a special school.他们把最好的学生挑选出来送往特别的学校学习。argue vt. give reasons for or against(sth.) 争辩vt. 1. 辩论;议论We argued the matter over for hours.我们为这事辩论了几小时。2. 主张,认为+thatColumbus argued that the world was round.哥伦布认为地球是圆形的。3. 说服(+into/out of)We argued her out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们说服她不要去作这样危险的旅行。4. 证明,表明O2+thatpainful a. causing pain a.1. 疼痛的;引起痛苦的My back is so painful that I cannot stand upright anymore.我的背疼痛难忍,我现在甚至站不直了。2. 费力的;困难的;麻烦的3. 令人不快的;恼人的It was painful to admit that I was wrong.承认我自己错了是件很痛苦的事。4. 【古】细心的;辛勤的shrug v. lift (the shoulders) slightly (to show indifference, doubt, etc.)耸肩 vt.1. (表示疑惑,蔑视,无奈等)耸(肩)Dont just shrug your shoulders. Say something.不要光耸肩。你讲讲话呀。2. 耸肩表示He shrugged his low opinion of the occupant of the room.他耸耸肩表示对那房间的住户不屑一顾。vi.1. 耸肩He shrugged at my suggestion.他对我的建议只是耸耸肩。n.C1. 耸肩With a shrug, he went out of the room.他耸一下肩,走出了房间。finally ad. at last; lastly最终;最后 ad.1. 最后,终于They finally realized that the whole thing was a joke.他们终于意识到整个事情是场玩笑。2. 决定性地Its not finally settled yet.这还没有彻底解决。present v