虚拟分词动名词.doc

虚拟语气SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD提 纲1) Nature of Subjunctive Mood unreal conditional clause A used with conditional clause formula “if” 的省略 含蓄条件句 (介词/连词/分词/上下文) 1. wish (if only) 后的宾语从句 2. 含坚决要命的名词性从句 as if 后的状语从句2) Use of S M B used in clauses 3. 状语从句 lest/ for fear (that) 后引导的目的状语从句 it is (about/high) time (that) 4. 特殊结构 would rather / would sooner /had rather(that) C used for politeness A used with conditional clauseA-1 unreal conditional clause A-2 formulaA-3 “if” 的省略A-4 含蓄条件句 (介词/连词/分词/上下文) A-1 unreal conditional clauseI Introduction In English we use different verb forms to indicate various intention, which is termed as Mood. Generally speaking there are 3 kinds of moods all together, namely: 1) the Indicative Mood (陈述)He is a student.2) the Imperative Mood (祈使)Sit down please. / Stand up.3) the Subjunctive Mood (虚拟)I wish you were more careful. II The Use of Subjunctive Mood: A Used with Conditional Clause:A-1: Unreal Conditional Clause: a) Real Conditional Clause (真实条件句): 如假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句If he has time, he will come If they keep on doing evils, they will reap what they sow. b) Unreal Conditional Clause (非真实条件句): If you study harder, you will succeed in the exam. If I had been there, we would have won the game. A-2 : formula (根据非真实性假设所针对的时间): 过去B 现在A 将来C 条件句 主句 条件句 主句 条件句 主句 should 过 should should should would 去 would would had + done have done 式 do were to do do could (were) could could might might might A-2A: 针对现在- If I were you, I would reconsider your advice. - If I had the time, I would help you. - If he were here, everything would be all right. A-2C: 针对将来 - If I were to do the experiment again, I would try it in another way. - If he should come tomorrow, I would give him this dictionary. A-2D: 错综的虚拟语气 - If I had studied harder, I would be in a comfortable office now. A-3: “if” 的省略: 在条件句中, 如果谓语动词是 “were” “had” “should” 三词,则可省略 “if” 采用主谓到装的形式. - Were I in your place, I would not do that. - Had I known about it, I would have told you. - Should anyone call, you could take note. A-4: 含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况不以条件句的形式出现,而是通过一个介词短语 (a);连词短语 (b);分词短语(c) 或是通过上下文 (d) 表示 (a): - We could have done better, under more favorable condition. - This change would not have taken place, without (but for) a solid industrial foundation. - By using the quiet family hour to discuss our problems, we might get to know each other better. - Without the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. (b): - I was in a hurry that day; otherwise I would have visited you. - You could have avoided such a mistake, but you didnt take her advise. (c): - Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride to watch the sunset. (d): - Such mistakes could have been avoided. (if you had been more careful)B Used in subordinate clauses用在从句中: B-1: wish (If only ) 后的宾语从句: B-1-1: formula a现在 did (be 用 were) I wish b过去 had + done / could + have + done c将来 should; would; could; might + do / were + doing a: - I wish I were as strong as you. b: - I wish I had remembered the address. - I wish I had paid more attention to my pronunciation. c: - I wish he would try again. B-1-2: If only = wish 但感情色彩更浓(要是该多好啊!) - If only he knew we missed him! (现在) - If only the letter had arrived in time! (过去) - If only we had listened to his advise! (过去) - If only the rain would stop! (将来) B-2: 主句中如含有“坚决要命”一类词,名词性从句中要用虚拟语气: 主语从句 宾语从句(should)B-2-1: formula: “坚决要命” 表语从句 + 同位语从句 do 主句 从句 B-2-2: “坚决要命” 坚持: insist; insistence 建议: advise / suggest; suggestion / propose; proposal / move (提议) 推荐: recommend; recommendation 决心: determine / resolve 决定: decide 要求: demand / require / desire / ask / beg 重要: essential / important 必要: necessary 命令: order / command 致命: vital - We insisted that our teacher (should) be present at the ceremony. - The teacher suggested that she should study more English before going abroad. - My advise is that we (should) set up a special board to deal with the matter. B-3: 状语从句 B-3-1: in adverbial clause introduced by “as if (though)” (“as if”引导的让步状语从句) B-3-1-a: formula: a.和现在事实相反 did (be为were) as if (that) b.和过去事实相反 had + done a. - She speaks English to me as if she knew everything in the world. - It seems as if it were spring now. b. - They talked as if they had been friends for years. - Looking around the city, he felt as if he had been away for ages. B-3-2: lest (惟恐)/ for fear that(生怕;以免) / in case(假设;万一) 引导的目的状语从句 B-3-2-a: formula may / might 谓语动词为:can / could should - The mad man was put in soft-padded cell lest he should injure himself. - He is working hard for fear that he may fall behind. it is (about/high) time (that) B 4. 用于特殊结构 would rather / would sooner /had rather(that) whether 引导的让步状语从句的省略 about time (that) 缓和 B 4-1. it is time (that) 一般 表早该做而未做 high time (that) 强烈 B-3-1-a: formula: did (be为单数时用was ) It is (about / high) time (that) should + do - It is high time that we left. - It is about time the children got to bed. B 4-2.Would rather (had rather) Would sooner Would as soon (just as soon) 表宁愿 Would prefer Had better did (针对当时或将来) B-4-2-a: formula：I would rather (had rather) that had done (针对过去) 经典考题: - To be more frank, Id rather you D in the case. A) will not be involved B) not be involved C) not involved D) were not involved - Id rather you C make any comment on the issue for the time being. A) dontB) wouldnt C) didntD) shouldnt B 4-3. whether 引导的让步状语从句的省略 经典考题: ，we will set off as we planned. A)Were it good or bad B)Be it good or bad C)Being good or bad D)Whether good or bad 考点分析 这是种表示假设悄况的让步状语从句中的虚拟语气，为倒