情态动词宾语从句.doc

情态动词；主要是must I 和may I 的否定回答must I .No, you neednt /you dont have tomay I .No ,you mustnt宾语从句用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下： 一，引导词 A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。 例：I told him that he was wrong. l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。 例：I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对) l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。 例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。 例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment. l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导. 例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not. l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导. 例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。 例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语) I dont know where he lives. (where 做地点状语) 二，宾语从句的语序， 宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 例：I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 二，宾语从句的时态。 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制， 既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。 主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。 例: 1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student. 2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English. l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country. lCould you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。 例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 注意事项： u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。 例：She said: “I have been to England before.” She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths?” She asked me if I liked maths. u宾语从句与简单句的交换。 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式 ”做宾语的简单句结构。 例：I dont know what I should do next. I cont know what to do next. He didnt know where he would live. He didnt know where to live.1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister，arent I? 2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I? 3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 The Swede made no answer, did he / she? Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? 7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 9) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。 Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 He must be a doctor, isnt he? You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you? He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。 What colours, arent they? What a smell, isnt it? 12) 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isnt it? 14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定： He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I dont think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, cant she? 15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。 Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Dont do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / wont you ? 注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 18) 陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。 There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? There will not be any trouble, will there? 19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isnt it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20)must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be there now, isnt he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 快速记忆表 陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分 I arent I Wish may +主语 no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词 肯定含义 ought to（肯定的） shouldnt/ oughtnt +主语 have to+v.(had to+v.) dont +主语(didnt +主语) used to didnt +主语或 usednt +主语 had better + v. hadnt you would rather + v. wouldnt +主语 youd like to + v. wouldnt +主语 must 根据实际情况而定 感叹句中 be +主语 Neithernor, eitheror 根据其实际逻辑意义而定 指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this 主语用it 并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定 think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句 everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he 情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语 dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语 省去主语的祈使句 will you？ Lets 开头的祈使句 Shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you? there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词） 否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式回答：反意疑问句是在陈述句后边加上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的内容提出相反的疑问,这种句子就叫作反意疑问句。反意疑问句可以表示真实的疑问,也可以表示提问人的倾向、强调或反问。如果陈述句是肯定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用否定式;反之,如果陈述句是否定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。陈述句和后边的反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。例如: He speaks English, doesnt he? Mary wont do it, will she? Lies cannot cover up the facts, can they? 回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样,肯定回答用Yes, +肯定结构;否定回答用No, +否定结构。这与汉语习惯有所不同。例如: -Hes a doctor, isnt he?他是医生,对吧? -Yes, he is.对,他是医生。(No, he isnt.不,他不是医生。) -He isnt a doctor, is he?他不是医生,对吧? -Yes, he is.不,他是医生。(No, he isnt.对,他不是医生。)阅读理解；This is a talk by a London taxi(出租车)driver.Ive been a taxi driver for nearly ten years. Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis.Its a nice job most of time. you meet a lot of people. I always work at night, because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles(英里)outside London and I go to work at 5:30 in the afternoon.I usually go home between 2 and 3 in the morning.Some very strange things happened late at night .The other day I was taking a woman home from a party .She had her little dog with her. When we got to her house, she found that she had lost her key. So I waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the windows.I waited and waited. After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what was going on .I tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window. The next thing I knew was that the police came. They thought I was a thief(小偷).Luckily the woman came downstairs(下楼).She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog!1.The driver always worked at night because it was easier to _.A. drive B. make money C. climb in through the windowD. meet a lot of people2.The woman climbed in through the window because _.A. she wanted to have a sleepB. her husband didnt open the door for herC. she didnt want to pay the driverD. she couldnt find her key3.The story happened _.A. early in the morning B. late at nightC.20 miles outside London D. near the police station4.Which of the following is wrong?A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning.B. The police made a mistake.C. The woman had no money to pay the driver.D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.5.The driver climbed in th A. early in the morning B. late at nightC.20 miles outside London D. near the police station4.Which of the following is wrong?A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning.B. The police made a mistake.C. The woman had no money to pay the driver.D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.5.The driver climbed in through the window toA. get money from the womanB. return the dog to the womanC. see what was happening in the houseD. phone the policeKEY: 1-5 ADBCCThere are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is California, the largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is also the coldest state. California and Florida are the warmer. Henry and his family live in Seattle, a big city, on the Pacific coast. But Los Angeles and San Francisco, also on the Pacific coast, are larger than Seattle. Henrys cousin, Susan, lives in New York. It is the largest city in the United States. Thousands of people visit New York each year. The most important city in the United States is Washington, D. C. It is the capital, but it is much smaller than New York.1. How many states are there in the U. S. A. ?A. Five B. Forty- Five. C. Fifty D. Fifteen.2. Which state is the largest in population?A. California. B. Rhode-Island.C. Alaska D. Los Angeles.3. Which state is the oldest, the newest, and the smallest in population?A. Rhode Island. B. Seattle. C. San Francisco. D. Alaska.4. Which of the following is true?A. The oldest states are the ones along the Pacific coast.B. Washington is the most important and the largest city.C. New York is the largest city in the United States.D. Henrys cousin lives in the Seattle.5. Why is Washington, D. C. the most important American city?Because _.A. it is the largest city B. it is the largest in populationC. it is the most beautiful city D. it is the capital of the United StatesKEY: 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D二单项选择（15分）指出能填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Hes a basketball fan and he wants to see Yao Ming D one day.A. he B. him C. his D. himself Li Ming is a new student in our class. He B here for only a month.A. has come B. has been C. came D. Was May I go now? No. You _B_ let the teacher know first.A. need B. must C. can D. may Usually before exams, students _A_ two minutes to write down their names.A. are given B. were given C. gave D. give I remember she came _A_ a fine spring afternoon.A. on B. in C. at D. to What do you think of the new movie? Its good. But the one we saw last month is even _B_ than it.A. good B. better C. best D. well Several _A_ students came to the meeting.A. thousand B. thousandsC. thousand of D. thousands of This is a busy street. We see buses _C_ all the time.A. came and went B. to come and goC. come and go D. comes and goes How many English words _B_ you _ by the end of last term?A. have learned B. had learnedC. were learning D. would learn He is a nice person to _A_ .A. get on with(与某人相处。) B. come up with C. catch up with D. look up in Go and find out b there will be a train for Shanghai today.A. that B. whether C. When D. where The man _b_ is wearing a blue jacket is Jims uncle.A. who B. whom C. which D. / While she _a , she cut herself.A. was cooking B. cooked C. had cooked D. cooks _d_ of the students in the class would like to go to school by bike in such terrible weather.A. All B. Both C. Neither D. None Our P.E. teacher _b_ us try very hard in the running practice of 800 meters.A. asked B. made C. let D. toldDBBAA BACBA BBADB三完形填空(10分)阅读短文, 指出能填入相应空白处的最佳答案。It was Monday. Mrs Smiths dog was 1 , but there was no meat in the house. Thinking that there was no 2 way, Mrs Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote the following words on it：Give my dog half a pound of meat. Then she gave the paper to her dog and said, 3 this to the butcher, and hes going to give you your lunch today. 4 the piece of paper in its mouth, the dog ran to the butchers shop. It gave the paper to the butcher. The butcher read it 5 , and recognized (辨认) that it was 6 Mrs Smiths handwriting. So he did 7 he was asked to. The dog was very happy, and ate the meat up at once.At midday, the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it, he gave half a pound of meat 8 .The next day, the dog came again just at midday. And as usual, it brought a piece of paper in the mouth. This time, the butcher did not take a look at the paper, and gave the dog 9 meat, for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers. But, the dog came again at 4:00 p.m. And the same thing happened once again. To the butchers surprise, it came for the third time at 6:00 p.m. The butcher felt puzzled. He said to himself, This is a small dog. Why does Mrs Smith give it so much meat to eat today? Looking 10 the piece of paper, he found that there were no words there. A. hungry B. thirsty C. hot D. ill A. another B. other C. others D. the other A. Take B. Bring C. Get D. Carry A. Picking B. Having C. Dropping D. Holding A. carefully B. quietly C. slowly D. clearly A. possibly B. really C. exactly D. strongly A. when B. like C. as D. after A. too B. also C. again D. either A. its B. his C. himself D. it A. at B. for C. into D. up四阅读理解（30分）阅读理解下面的短文，然后按要求答题。(A)根据表格内容, 指出能完成所给句子的最佳答案。 The art show will last _ .A. One day B. Two days C. Three days D. Four days The students will have the school meeting _ in May.A. four times B. three times C. twice D. once We can see that the students will have exams from _ to _ .A. May 1, May 5 B. May 10, 12 C. May 22, May 26 D. May 8, May 11 From the above chart (图表) we can see that there are two _ groups in this school.A. sports B. art C. science D. language There will be _ ball matches in May.A. two B. three C. four D. five(B)When most people think of the Olympics, they dont think of science. But in the USA, each year, students take part in a kind of competition called the Science Olympiad.It has a lot of different events. Students go there to show how much they know about the science of music, biology, chemistry and others. My best event is forestry (森林学). This time, I went to the Olympiad with my schools team. We had worked hard, but this was the state competition. It would be hard to win.The Olympiad was out of town, so we got to ride on a bus and stay in a hotel for a night. The Olympiad was in three big rooms. When we got there, we set up our teams camp off to one side. The big day had come at last! First, I went to watch the tower building competition. Thats when students build small towers and put heavy things on top of it. They hope they can hold them up. One of my schoolmates was putting things on her tower. She was nervous, and in the end it was too heavy for her tower to hold itit broke! I felt bad for her. After lunch, I helped some teammates with their events. One was geography, and the other was history. I dont know much about those things, so I just watched my teammates do most of the work. At last, it was time for my favorite eventforestry. Another student was also in the forestry event. The rules were easy. We had to look at more than 40 different kinds of leaves and find out which plants they were from. We also had to answer some questions about the uses of each leaf. I knew almost all of the leaves and could answer most of the questions. I had spent more than a month studying on the Internet to get ready. At the end, it was time for the awards (颁奖), l was nervous, because the forestry awards were last. We won second place in the whole state! A nice man gave me a medal and smiled at me.I had a great time at the Science Olympiad. I cant wait for next year!根据短文内容, 指出能完成所给句子的最佳答案。 Which of the following is true?A. When people talk about Olympics, they never think of the sports games.B. The writer got some help from others in getting ready for the competition.C. No one thinks the Olympics has anything to do with science.D. The writer thought the competition was difficult. The writer felt _ about the competition.A. nervous B. excited C. sad D. bad We know that _ .A. you know a lot about biology if youre good at forestryB. its the first time for the writer to be in the competitionC. the writer had to do some experiments in the competitionD. the state competition lasted several days The writer took part in the competition _ .A. in the morning B. at noon C. in the afternoon D. at night The writer _ at the Science Olympiad.A. won the first prize B. lost the state competitionC. enjoyed himself D. got 40 different kinds of leaves(C)For many of us, the idea of a