theretobe和therebeing.doc

there be 句式的非谓语形式有两种，即 there to be 和 there being。需要掌握以下几个情况： 作主语：当作主语时，一般是 There being 结构，当句式中有 for 时，一般用 there to be。如： There being a shop here is a great advantage. 这儿有个商店，真是方便极了。 It is impossible for there to be any more. 不可能再有了。 作宾语：如果是动词宾语，要看这个动词，我们学过有些动词后面只能接动名词，比如 mind, enjoy, appreciate 等词后面是必须加 doing 的形式的；而这些动词同样适用于 there being, 不能用 there to be. 同样，有些动词只能接不定式的，如 want, hope, would like 等，后面理所当然就接 there to be 常见动词有：expect, mean, intend want, prefer 等，如： We expect there to be no argument. People dont want there to be another war.Would you like there to be a picture on the wall? 你喜欢墙壁上挂一张画吗？ We dont want there to be any comrade lagging behind. 我们不希望有一个同志掉队。 I dont want there to be any misunderstanding between us.我 不希望我们之间有什么误会。作介词的宾语时一般用 There being 句式，但在for后时一般用 there to be 句式。 This depended on there being a sudden change. 这需要有一个突然的改变。The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。 They planned on there being another meeting. 他们打算再开一次会。There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute. 现在还有点希望可以解决这次争端。 作状语：用作状语的 there be 的形式通常用 there being 结构。 There being no buses, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们不得不走着回家。 There being no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying. 屋里没人，我们意识到哭喊是没有用的。 注意：如果句中出现 for 时应用 there to be。 It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了，没有公共汽车了。一、there to be 的用法1) 用作动词的复合宾语。 Would you like there to be a picture on the wall? 你喜欢墙壁上挂一张画吗？ We dont want there to be any comrade lagging behind. 我们不希望有一个同志掉队。 I dont want there to be any misunderstanding between us.我不希望我们之间有什么误会。 2) 用在 It be + adj. for.的结构中的结构中 It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能再有机会了。It was too late for there to be any buses. 时间太晚，不会有汽车了。 We waited for there to be another opportunity. 我们期待着还有 下一次机会。 there being 的用法 用作介词后的复合宾语 I never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 我从未想到墙壁上有幅画。 I was wrong about there being some misunderstanding between us. 认为我们之间有误解是我的错误。 2) 作状语用的独立结构 There being nothing to do, we went home. 因为没有什么事要办，我们就回家了。There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself.由于身边没有别人，我只得自己干典例精析：1. Owing to_ no shipping space up to the moment, we have to require delayed shipment. A. there is B. there beC. there was D. there being 答案：D。 解析：owing to 后面应该加名词, 作介词的宾语一般用 there being 句式，故选 D。 _ nothing else to do, we went home happily. A. There to be B. There be C. There was D. There being 答案：D。 解析：本题句意为：由于没事可做，我们高兴地回家了。所选部分应该在句中作状语。用作状语的 there be 的形式通常用 there being 结构。故选 D。 I dont want _ any misunderstanding between us. A. there to be B. there be C. there is D. there being 答案：A。 解析: 本题句意为： 我不希望我们之间有什么误会。 所选部分在句中作动词的复合宾语。 作动词宾语时，一般用 there to be 结构，故选 A。 _ a house with a garden is of great value. A. There to beB. There be C. There was D. There being 答案：D。 解析: 本题句意为：拥有花园的房子是很有价值的。 所选部分应该在句中作主语, 当作主语时，一般是 there being 结构, 故选 D。There be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法 There be 句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。但是对 there be 句型的多变的特点及其特殊结构的复杂性，并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四级考试题中也常常遇到这一句型结构的试题。 例如： Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon（CET-4，19986-43） A）there to be a chance B）there being a chance C）there be a chance D）being a chance 该题的答案为 B）。 动词 dream of 要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词 of 后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being a chance 意为有一个机会；A） 和 C） 两项均不符合句子结构的要求， 所以不是答案选项， D） being a chance 虽然是 V-ing 分词结构，但语义不通，故不能选又如：No one had told Smith about _ a lecture the following day（CET-4，2001） A）there be B）there would be C）there was D）there being 该题的答案为 D）。介词 about 后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being（a lecture）意为有（一个讲座），而 A）、B）和 C）项内容均不符合 结构要求，故不能选 再如：It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping， singing， somehow or adding to the totality of musical sound.（CET-4，1995）该句子中出现了 for there to be 的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的；但是此结构没有错，此处只能够用 for there to be，而不能用there be-ing。为什么呢？这就是本文想要解答的问题。笔者将 there be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总结如下，供读者参考。一、there be 句型与各种情态动词连用。 例如： There must be something wrong here There might still be some vacant seats in the rear There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking 二、there be 句型中的谓语动词 be 被 be likely to be，happen to be， seem（to be），occur 等代替，用来描写事物。例如：There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for There happened to be nobody in the room There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape，the relative length of day and night，and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are There have occurred many great changes since we met last 三、 there be 句型中的谓语动词 be 被一些不及物动词代替，如live，stand， exist，remain 等，用来表示静止、存在、有。例如： There lives a family of five in the village There remains nothing more to be done There stands the Monument to the Peoples Heroes at the center of the Tiananmen Square There exist different opinions on this question there be 句型中的谓语动词 be 被一些不及物动词代替， 如：come，spring up，appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow, 等，用来表示突然出现。例如： There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yetThere came a company of actors and actresses There followed a spirited discussion after class there be 句型中 be 用不定式，形成（for）there to be 宾格词 结构，表示有或存在（某种情况），在（for）there to be 宾格词的 结构中，主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构在句中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。 there to be 宾格词在句中作宾语。例如： The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams there to be 宾格词结构在句中作动词 expect 的宾语，句中的宾格词 more review-ing classes 作there to be不定式结构的逻辑主语。特别应该注意的是 there 后的不定式只能用to be的形式，因为这种不定式结构是从 there be结构转化而来的。又如： People dont want there to be anotherwar Members like there to be plenty of choice Perhaps transportation and the means of comm unication have reallymade it possible for there to be an end to the big cities It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，somehow or adding to the totality of musical sound there to be 宾格词结构在句中作介词 for 的宾语，句中的宾格词 an ensemble of expert musicians 作there to be不定式结构的逻辑主语。 for there to be 宾格词在句中作状语。例如： It isnt cold enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jim s car out quite safely（for there to be 宾格词作结果状语）特别应该注意的是，for there to be 宾格词在句中作状语时必须用介词for引出 there be 后面的宾格词。又如： For there to be successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussing itself by all present（for there to be 宾格词作目的状语）They planned for there to be another meeting（for there to be 宾格词作目的状语） there to be 宾格词在句中作主语。例如： Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company特别应该注意的是，for there to be 宾格词在句中作主语时必须用介词 for 引出 there be 后面的宾格词。又如： It is impossible for there to be any more apples For there to be so few people in the streets was unusual there be 句型中 be 用 Ving 分词，形成（of）there being 宾格词结构，表示有或存在（某种情况），主语是宾格词。 there being 宾格词在句中作宾语。例如： Have you ever thought of there being so many work units for you to choose on the talents meeting？（there being 宾格词作宾语） there being 宾格词结构在句中作介词 of 的宾语，句中的宾格词 so m any work u- nits 作there beingV-ing 分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如： No one had told him anything about there being a beautiful story about the lake John was relying on there being another opportunity there being 宾格词在句中作状语。例如： There being no cause for alarm ， she went back to her bedroom （there being 宾格词作原因状语） there being 宾格词结构在句中作状语，句中的宾格词 no cause 作 there being V-ing 分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如： There having been a strong suspicion against the ability of the director，the department asked him to resign（there being 宾格词 作原因状语）There being nothing to be done，they have to go back home（there being 宾格词作原因状语） There being no further business，the chairm an closed the meeting（there being 宾格词作原因状语） there being 宾格词在句中作主 语。例如： There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage there being 宾格词结构在句中作主语，句中的宾格词 a bus stop 作 there being V-ing 分词短语结构的逻辑主语。 七、there be 句型中 be 用 be V-ed 分词，形成there be V-ed 分 词宾格词结构，表示有或存在（某种情况），在there be V-ed 分词 宾格词的结构中，主语是宾格词。例如： There was found a lot of food in the kitchen cupboard There are now published millions of books every year in ChinaThere was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai there be no 主语名词的习惯用法。 V-ing 分词在there be no结构中作主语，表示不可能、无法。例 如： There is no denying the fact that China is still a developing country There is no joking about such matters There is no telling what will happen to him next there is no point V-ing 分词，表示没有必要，无用，没有意义，没有用处。例如： We are disappointed with the new officer elected in our bridge club， but thereis no point worrying about it there is no use V-ing 分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用处 。例如： There is no use advising him to give up smoking there is no good V-ing 分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用 处，没有益处。例如：There is no good discussing the matter with such a fool九、在由there be 主语名词引起的句子中，修饰主语的情况。1在由there be 主语名词引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式。例如：There is no time to lose to be lostThere are still many things to take care of/to be taken care of在口语中多用主动形式。但是有时候两种形式可能表示不同的意思。试比较：There is nothing to do now（We have nothing to do now）There is nothing to be done now（We can do nothing now）There is nothing to see（nothing worth seeing）There is nothing to be seen（nothing there at all） 2在由there be 主语名词引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的分词或分 词短语在意思上相当于一个定语从句。例如： There were 200 children studying （who were studying）music, dancing, or dramatics Is there anything planned（that has been planned）for tonight？There be 句型难点解析及练习 There be 结构 一、 There be 句型常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来 时、现在完成时和过去完成时。例如： 1. There is someone at the door to see you. 门口有人找你。 2. There will be a meeting this evening. 今晚有个约会。3. -Have there been any letters from Jack lately? 近日有杰克的 来信吗？ -No, there hasnt. 不，没有。 4. There had been many such accidents before you came. 你来之前 就有过很多起这样的事故。 二、 There be 句型中 be 前面可用一些半助动词，如：be about to (就要), be certain to (一定会), be going to (将要),be likely to (可能), be to (要), had better (最好), have to (必须), used to (过去常), appear/seem/happen to (似乎/恰好)等。例如： 1. There used to be a grocery store on the corner. 以前在这个街 口有家杂货店。 2. There is certain to be something wrong with the engine. = It appears / is certain that there is something wrong with the engine. 发动机一定是出了毛病。 3. 事故。 There appears to have been a nasty accident. 似乎有一起严重的三、 There be 句型中的替换词有：come (来), develop (产生), exist (存 在), fall (落下), follow (跟随), happen (发生), lie (躺着), live (住着),occur (发生), remain (还有), rise (升起),stand (站着)等。这些动词可以有时态变化，及物动词还可以有语态变化。例如：1. There fell a deep silence. 突然一片寂静。2. There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation. 在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。 3. Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. 此后不久，公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。 4. There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the Peoples Heroes. 在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。 四、 There be 句型中，谓语动词和合后面的主语在数方面保持一致。如果有两个或更多的主语，则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致。例如： There is only a table, four chairs and a small bed in the room. 房子里有一张桌子，四把椅子和一张小床。 五、 There be 句型有不定式、现在分词和动名词形式，在句中用作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。例如：1. There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage. 公共汽车站离家这么近是一个很有利的条件。（There being a bus 用作主语） 2. I dont want there to be any misunderstanding. 我不想引起任何误解。（There to be 作宾语） 3. No one would have dreamt of there being such a fine place. 谁也没想到会有这样的一个好地方。（There being 在句子中作介词 of 的宾语。 需注意的是，结构若出现在介词 for 的后面则要用动词不定式；若出现在其他介词后面则要用动名词） 4. There being no bus, we had to walk home. 因为没有公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。 （“There being 名词”构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语） 六、 1. “There be no doing” 表示“不可能做”。例如： There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。2. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. 他接下去要做什么，很难断言。 3. 忍受。 There is no bearing such rude remarks. 如此粗话，叫人根本无法专项练习： In the eastern part of New Jersey _, a major shipping and manufacturing center. A. lies the city of Elizabeth B. the city of Elizabeth C. around the city of Elizabeth city D. there lie the2. It isnt cold enough for there _ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jims car out quite safely. A. would be B. being C. was D. to be3. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final exam. A. be B. being C. have been D. to be4. There _ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live. A. be B. was C. were D. being5. If ever again _ happens an accident like this, we will have only ourselves to blame. A. it B. so C. there D. that6. He said it was impossible for _ a mistake in a computers calculation, so you can rly on that. Athere being B. there would beC. there to be D. there was 7. Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance8. Once he starts talking about Chinese or foreign affairs, ancient or modern, _. A. there is no stopping of him B. he is not to stop C. there is no stopping him D. it is no stopping him9. The chairman insisted that there be a meeting _ within the shortest possible time. A. to hold B. to be held C. to have been held D. to be holding 10. Where _ dirt, there are flies. A. there has B. is C. there is D. has there11. Around the world _ may be as many as a million earthquakes in a single year. A. yet there B. they C. there D. has12. _ no air, there would be no life on the earth. A. There was there B. There were C. Was D. Were there 13. _, she went back to her room. A. There was no cause for alarm B. Without having cause for alarmC. Being no cause for alarm D. There being no cause for alarm14._ to the railway station, we missed the train. A. There is no bus B. No bus goesC. There not being any bus D. Not any bus15. He said, “_ a long way to school. _ a long way to go yet before we arrive.” A. It is B. There is It isC. It is there is D. There is It isThere has been a great increase in retail sales, _? A. does there B. isnt there C. hasnt there D. isnt it 17. We left the meeting, there obviously _ no point in staying. A. were B. being C. to be D. having18. There is no point _ with him, since he has already made up his mind. A. argue B. to argue C. in arguing D. of arguing19. There was a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _ a sudden loud noise. A. there was B. should there be C. there being D. there having been 20. The house improvements have taken _ little there is of my spare time. A. how B. what C. that D. some1-5 A D D D C 610 C A C B C 11-15 C D D C A 16-20 C B C B Bthere to be 结构的两个用法用法一、动词 consider, expect, hate, intend, like, mean, prefer, want 等可接 there to be 做宾语。如： (1) I considered there to be much time for the work. 我原以为有很多时间来做这件工作。(2) I expect there to be great fun in the game. 我希望游戏中有很大的乐趣。用法二、做介词 for 的宾语。如：(1) You don have to hurry, for there to be much time left. 你不必匆忙，因为还剩有很多时间。(2) Let get off the bus, for there to be too many passengers in it. s 我们下车吧，因为车里的乘客将太多了。 there being 的两个用法用法一、 there being 相当于一个独立主格结构，可在句子中用做状语，表示原因等。如：(1) There being too many new words, I find the text difficult. 由于生词太多，我认为课文很难。(2) There being a lot of work to be done, I dont know what to do. 由于很多事情要做，我不知道该如何是好。用法二、相当于一个带有逻辑主语的动词-ing 形式。在句子中可做介词(除介词的宾语。做介词除介词 for 外) 的宾语。如：(1) The crops grow well because of there being enough rain this year. 由于今年雨水充足，庄稼长得很好。 (2) Judging from there being no much furniture in the house, we know that they are very poor. 从他家没有什么家具来看，我们知道他们很穷。there be 结构的几类重要句式一、There is no / some / much / little difficulty / trouble with sth. 做某事(没) 有困难(1) There is some difficulty with the text. 这篇课文还有点困难(2) There is little trouble with the matter. 这件事情没有什么麻烦。There is no / some / little / much difficulty / trouble in + doing. 二、 做某事有困难(1) There is much difficulty in finishing the work in the given time. 在规定的时间内完成这项工作还很困难。(2) There is no trouble in reading the article without a dictionary. 即使不用词典读这篇文章也不难。三、There is no doubt about / of sth. 毫无疑问(1) There is no doubt about his coming here. 毫无疑问，他会来。(2) There is no doubt