冠词的用法系统学习及练习.doc

龙文环球教育教师1对1 中小学课外辅导 Long Wen Huan Qiu Education 语法填空专练一真题：Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960-1927) was very anxious to help _rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea _he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired _doing this for a whole day, _hee felt very happy since the crop did “grow _(high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. The proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result) in the contrary to our intention. 这是一则拔苗助长的寓言故事。考点：介词，非谓语，代词，固定搭配，形容词及比较级，时态二讲解： 语法填空的能力要求：1 阅读/理解语篇的能力；2 分析句子结构的能力；3 熟练运用语法的能力;4 单词拼写的能力. 考查范围：1 语境（上下文）2 语法：动词（时态，语态，主谓一致，非谓语形式），名词，代词，数词，冠词，介词，固定搭配，虚拟语气，情态动词，复合句，形容词和副词的比较级，最高级及构词法，倒装。 冠词1 定冠词：顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，（the United States）习语及乐器。姓氏复数一家人(the Browns)，the +形过分，一类人或物(the injured, the unknown, the wounded, the young),年代朝代（the Tang Dynasty）习语：in the day, in the morning, by the hour, on the other hand, all the year round, play the piano， make the most of, in the daytime, by the day, in the end, in the habit of, go to the doctors, not in the least(not at all), on the spot, in the distance, in the way, on the whole, on the right/left, at the same time, at the moment, go to the cinema/theatre, on the radio/phone, for the time being, by the way, to tell the truth, the other day=a few days ago固定词组： take sb. by the arm, hit sb in the face, be red in the face, be lame in the right leg, in the public, at the meeting, the Pacific ocean, 特殊位置： exactly the same color, just the right place, half the hour, double the amount, twice the size, all the year, off the bus2 不定冠词的特殊用法：a.“像一个-样的人或物” He thinks he is a Napolen.b. “某个叫-的人” A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoonc.“物质名词前”表示“一份，一种，一阵”等： a coffee 一杯咖啡d. 抽象概念名词具体化：(surprise, knowledge, success, failure, pleasure, interest, joy) have a knowledge of -了解， It is a pleasure. 不客气， have/take an interest in sth, 对-有/感兴趣， come as a surprise to sb,使某人吃惊，What a surprise to find you here.e. 用在population, history, area, height, weight, depth, length, speed等词前。at a high speed, reach a speed of 习语：have a try, in a hurry, have a cold, have a cough, have a seat, make a noise after a while, give a concert, make a mistake, play a joke ontake a message, give a hand, have a headache, make a decision, have a good rest, once upon a time, once a week, take an active part in , have a word with, keep a diary, at a loss, for a while, all of sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, get an education, at a distance, have a population of, a waste of, a collection of,固定词组：of an age, 10 dollars an hour, once a week特殊位置：quite a kind man, many a student, not a book, such a fantistic painting, what a terrific film! so good a boy, rather difficult a problem, too unpleasant a room, how/however particular a person, as great a man as 3. 不用冠词的情况：代词限定名词前，专项名词不可数，学科球类三餐，复数名词表泛指，季节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。习语：in bed, in spite of, by chance, lose heart, catch fire, catch sight of, go to school, find fault with, make use of, take exception to (反对) 短语：pen and ink, master and servant, on second thoughts, come to light, come to power, give birth to, in case of, come/rank first, in use, in danger, in public, in debt, under repair, husband and wife, father and son, sun and moon, from morning till night, by weight, by mistake, in place of, by law, at war, on board, side by side, shoulder to shoulder, at noon, at dawn, at daybreak, at dust, at night, at midnight, out of work, out of order, out of control, out of temper, out of patience, out of mind, out of money, out of question, out of reach, out of breath, out of danger 比较：A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across. The tigher is in danger of becoming extinct. Farmers are busy in autumn. The farmers are busy harvesting.冠词易混点一.抽象名词具体化，被具体化的名词可能会a/an连用。a heavy rain 一场大雨， a surprise 一个惊喜， a pleasure 一件乐事 a success/failure 一个成功的/失败的人/事， a pressure 一种压力/紧迫感a concern 一件令人关切的事，an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历二. 形容词比较级前用定冠词表示“两者当中的较-的”,而形容词比较级前用不定冠词，表示“再/更-”，形容词最高级前用冠词表示“三者或三者以上中的最-的”, 而形容词最高级前用不定冠词,并无比较含义。三. “the +序数词” 表排序，“an/an +序数词” 不表示排序，有时候表“又一，再一”；序数词修饰动词事实上已成为副词，这时要用零冠词。四. 表示世界上独一无二的事物名词，前面一般加定冠词，但如果此类名词有修饰成分，也可加a/an all over the world 遍及全世界 a peaceful world 一个和平的世界五. 在不同的句子中，可能会用到不定冠词或冠词。因此，用哪种冠词要视情况而定。The organization was founded in the autumn of 2005.六. 牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词，它们是：weather, fun, space(太空)，advice, word(news), progress, information, news, 以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用七. 专有名词前冠词用法比较复杂，但一般情况下，不含普通名词的纯专有名词不用冠词，如：Beijing, New York 等。但是：1. 江河，湖海，山脉，群岛，海峡，海湾，运河前用the 。如： the Changjiang River the Hudson River 哈得孙河，the West Lake 西湖2. 在含有普通名词构成的专有名词前the the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Palace 颐和园3. 有一些地名如果是以纯专有名词开头的，一般不用冠词，但如果普通名词开头的，一般用定冠词。如：Beijing University 北京大学 the University of Beijing 八. 西洋乐器名词前往往用冠词，但是当此类名词前作普通名词时，可以与不定冠词连用。此外，中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用。Play the piano, the violin; play erhu(二胡)He is playing a borrowed violin. 练习题：一翻译下列短语：1 每隔几天 _ 2.起火_3. 看到_ 4. 面对面_ 5. 在讨论中_6. 盲人_; 7.富人_; 8. 有学问的人_; 9. 公众_, 10. 在公共场所：_二完成句子。1China has _population of 1.3 billion.2. Would you do me _ favour?3. The opening and reforming policies began to be performed in China _(在20世纪80年代)。4 He decided to retire _(在50几岁的时候)。5 Spring comes after _.6. We have few classes on _(星期日)。7 He studies _(生物) at university.8. He has _talent for music. 9. Hearing _news, he went home in _hurry.10His brother has turned _(作家)。11. _as he is, he has some shortcoings. 虽然他是英雄，但他也有缺点。12. _as he is, he has seen much of the world. 他虽然年轻，却已见过许多世面。13. The teacher came in, _in hand, 老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。14. The little girl is very happy, flower on head. 头上戴着一朵花，那小女孩非常高兴。15. The teacher came, with _in his hand. 16. The little girl is very happy, with _ on her head. 17. _goes fasterthan _. 汽车比自行车跑得快。18. _are hard-working. 中国人民是勤劳的。（表类指）19. _are romantic. 法国人很浪漫。（表类指）20. _are playing tennis now. 那些法国人正在打网球。（表专指）21._use a knife and fork in theirr meals. 英语人吃饭时使用刀叉。（类指）22. _in the dining hall are having supper now. 在餐厅里的英国人正在用晚餐。（专指）23. They are of _.他们年龄的一样大。24. Hi, John, _is waiting for you outside. 嗨，约翰，一位叫史密斯的先生在外面等到你。25. Her new book is _of short stories. 她的新书是一部短篇小说集。26. He was _at the news. 听到这个消息，他不知所措。27. The picture looks beautiful _. 这幅画从远处看上去很漂亮。28. He is _guy. 他是一个相当好的人。29. He will be back in _. 他半小时以后回来。30. He is _as ever lived. 他和世上任何伟人一样伟大。31. He play _ but gives lessons on _. 他是拉小提琴的，但他教钢琴。32. I have hired the car _.我已经按小时租到车了。33. He suddenly took me _.他突然抓住我的手臂。33. Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble. 父亲去了医生那里寻求关于他的心脏病的建议。34. Mr. Li is _of the meeting. 李先生是本次会议的主席。35. Has he turned _? 他成为科学家了吗？36. Nothing can make me turn _against my country?什么都不能使我背叛我的祖国。37. His new book was _. 他的新书获得了巨大的成功。38. What _ you give us. 你给了我们一个多么大的惊喜。39. If there were no examinations, we should have _at school. 如果没有考试，我们在学校会更快乐。40. He is _in this class. 他是这个班最勤奋的学生。三. 用冠词填空。1. The cakes are delicious. Id like to have _third one because _second one is rather too small.2. I like to look at _moon, especially _bright moon in the evening. 3. She is _new comer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.4. Mr. Smith, there is a man at _front door who says he has _news for you of great importance.5. He plays _violin but gives lessons on _piano.6. _Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean. 7. _Beijing you see today is quite _different city from what it used to be.8. We went right round to the west coast by _sea instead of drivingg across _the continent. 9. Its not _good idea to drive for hours without _break.10. My neighbor asked me to go for _walk but I dont think Ive got _energy.11. -I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. -It is not your fault. With _rush-hour traffic and _heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.12. I ate _sandwich while I was waiting for _20:08 train. 14. Christmas is _special holiday when _whole family are supposed to get together. 15. Poler bears live mostly on _sea ice, which they use _platform for hunting seals.16. George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he sure it was _Sunday because everyday was at _church. 17. It is _world of wonders, _world where anything can happen.18. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _17the century cottage. 19. According to _World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _spread of AIDS.20. Everywhere can has cut down _forests in order to grow crops, or to use _wood as fuel or as building material.21. I knew _John Lennon, but not _famous one.22. This book tells _life story of John Sm