情态动词常考点.doc

高三英语专项复习情态动词特殊用法大集合1 can和could Can 和 could 可以表示某人或某物一时的特点，可以翻译为“有可能，有时会”。Eg，It can be very warm in this area 。这个地区有时可能非常暖和. can表示能力时（即有某种知识和技能而能办到），可以与be able to 换用。但是在将来时和完成时中，必须用be able to ；表示经过努力而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时，只能用be able to ，不可以用can。 这种用法的be able to 相当于succeed in 或manage to。另外：cannot 比cannot 更强调。eg，Canyoutype ？ Areyouable to type ？Iam surewe shall be able to get youajopsoon 。（不能用can）Hehas been able to finish the work on time。（不可用can）After years of hard work hewas able to win the prize 。（不可以用could）He couldt climb the mountain 。（没有能力爬，因而也没有爬）He was not able to climb the mountain 。（尝试爬过，但是没能爬上去）另外：be able to 强调能力，通常表示一次性的事件，一般不表示经常性的事件。Iwas able to pass the examination 。（Isucceeded in passing the examination 。）在否定句结构中，be able to 指暂时的情况，而can可以指经常的情况。He is not able to swim today 。他今天不能游泳。He cant swim at all 。他根本不会游泳。Ishall not be able to go to school tomorrow 。我明天不能上学了。在表示“经过尝试或努力为能做到”的意思时，一般不用be able to。如对Were youable to find the pen？做否定回答应该用：No，Icouldnt （find it ）。不能说：No ，Iwasnt able to find it 。could 可以用来表示过去习惯性动作的完成，而was able to 却没有这种用法。Icould runafter abus and catch it twenty years ago ，Icant do that now 。 二十年前，我能在后面跑着追上公共汽车，现在不行了。cannot cant 与tooover（)enough perfectly sufficiently 等词连用，意思是 “越越”“无论怎样也不为过”、“决不会够(过)”。You cant praise him too much 。你无论怎样称赞他都不过分。You cannot be over careful 。你越细心越好。Icant thank youenough 。我对你感激不尽。注释：cantcannot too/enough 等中的not,也可以用neverhardly/scarcely 等代替。Therecanneverbe toomuchdeception in war 。兵不厌诈。cant / cannot too / enough 等后的附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式can，不用 cant。 You cant praise him too much ，can you ？你无论怎样赞扬他都不为过，对吧 ? You cannot be too careful ,can you ? 你再小心也不为过，对吧？“cannot wait 不定式 ”意思是“be eager to 急于做”，表示强调的肯定意思 。I cannot wait to read the book.我非常渴望读这本书 He couldn t wait to see her.他渴望见到她练习题：Please remind your grandpato takemedicine on time，for amanof his age_be very forgetful 。Ashould B。must C。shall D。can You cannot be_careful when you drive a car. A.very B.so C .too D .enough The car broke down on the way ,but we_get out of the desert at last. A.might B.would C.were able to D.could2.must有一种含义：“偏要”“硬要”。表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或行为是不希望的、不满的甚至是生气的。通常指令人不愉快的事情。must用于第二人称时，常常含有讽刺挖苦的意思：eg, Why must you be so stubborn （固执）？If you must smoke,at least you could use an ashtray （烟灰缸）。As I was sitting down to lunch,the electric bell must ring 。Why must you be so late ？你为何非要这么晚来呢 ？练习题：Why _you always interrupt me ？ A ,can B .will C.may D.must Naturally ，after I told her what to do ，my daughter _go and do the opposite ！ A 。may B。can C。 must D。 should 另：have to多表示习惯动作或客观条件索引出的义务,而must表示一种重要或急迫的事情：We have to care for the young 。（义务） She has to be at the office before 8 every day 。（习惯）You must go to the manager at once ，or you ll be diamissed 。（急迫的事情）have to 强调客观需求,表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不作某事；must 强调主观看法，表示主观上认为有必要做谋事。I must learn another language.（主观想法：I want to ） I have to learn another language,（客观需求：身为一个外交官）但是must 可以表示客观必然性，意思为“必然（会），总是会”，而have to 则不可以这样用。All men must die.人固有一死. Competition must happen.竞争总会发生。Truth must be out.真相总会大白 Winter must be followed by spring.冬天到了，春天还会远吗 ？对must 所在句子变反意疑问句时，应注意以下习惯搭配：must 作“必须”解时，反意疑问句中重复must 。 All the children must respect their parents ，mustnt they ？ must 作“有必要”解时，反意疑问句中用need 。 We must tell her the truth ，neednt we ？ “must be ”表示推测时，反意疑问句用be 的适当形式 。 You must be thirsty ，arent you ？ “must have done ”表示推测时 ，附加疑问句一般用have 或 has ，但是有明确表示过去的时间壮语（before 除外）时，反意疑问句用过去时态。He must have finished the work ，hasn t he ？ He must have gone abroad last week ，didnt he ？You must have been told about it that day ，werent you ？mustnt 表示“禁止，不允许”时，反意疑问句一般用may 。The children mustnt play with fire ，may they ？ We mustnt be late ，must / may ？must 用于表示询问对方意向时，反意疑问句部分的动词可以与前面陈述句部分的动词不一致。You must come tomorrow ，will you ？练习题：You mustnt tell it to your morther ，_？ Amust you Bdo you Cneed you Dwill you -The students must hand in their term papers in a week ，_？ -No，they _。A.neednt they,mustnt B.mustnt they,mustnt C.mustnt they,neednt D.shouldnt they ,should 3.used to 的意思是“过去常常”，已经含有 always ，often ，sometimes ，from time to time等意思，但是它却可以和它们连用。 He always used to / used always to come by bus 。 He often used to work late at night 。 但是used to 不可以与表示具体次数或一段时间(即特定的时间段)的词语连用。Eg.He went to abroad three times 。He lived in the countryside for three years 。但是可以和过去确定的时间状语连用。 Eg. He used to live here in 1995。He used to be devoted to her when she was a little girl 。另：would 和used to 的区别如下：两者都可以表示过去的习惯性动作。但是would 只强调过去特定情况下的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示)，单纯的过去和现在无关；而used to 即可以强调过去的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示)，也可以强调过去的事实或状态(由静态东此表示)，且与现在形成对比，即可表示持续的状态，也可表示过去重复的行为。I used to have an old car 。I didnt use to like opera ，but now Im getting interested.我过去不喜欢歌剧，但现在逐渐有了兴趣。 练习题： When he was there ,he_go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day . A.would B.should C.had better D.might 4.shall可以用在第二、三人称,要重读,不可以缩写,表示说话人的意图、意志、允诺、命令、命运或必然结果等；在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。You shall have a lot of money .(意图/允诺)你会有很多钱的。Each citizen shall carry his identification card when travelling.(规定)旅游时每个市民务必带上身证。You shall arrive there before sunset .(命令)你们要在日落前到达那儿。If you dont behave yourself ,you shall be punidhed .(威胁) 如果你行为不轨的话，你会受到惩罚的。The task shall be finished by Sunday .(允诺)任务会在星期天前完成的。He shall get what he deserves .(警告)他会得到他应该得到的。Who touches pitch shall be defiled .(必然结果)玩火者必自焚。The new regulation shall take effect on May the first .(规定)新章程自五月一日起实施。练习题：It has been announced that candidates_remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A.can B.will C.may D.shall Havent I told you already that you_have my answer tomorrow morning ? A. will B.shall C.should D.would Nobody_throw away rubbish everywhere ! A.can B.need C.shall D.must 5.will 表示意愿或固执坚持。用于非人主语时，表示固有性质，倾向。Eg。She wont lend me the money .她不愿把钱借给我。 The door wont shut .门关不上了。用在if从句中表示各种“愿望”,包括“请求，意愿，拒绝，同意，允许，能够,坚持，选择，计划”等。 If you will come into the hall ,the meeting will begin soon. 请求）请到大厅里来，会议马上开始了 If you will make another try ,I shall do everything possible to help you . (意愿)如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿近一切可能帮助你。 If he wont go with you ,I shall ask somebody else . (拒绝)如果他不肯同你一起去的话，我将另找人。 另：下面句子中的will表示“难免”。 Eg. Accidents will happen.事故难免会发生. Boys will be boys .男孩子总是男孩子。 will可以用来表示某些根据自然规律必定会发生的事情,并且此时可用一般现在时来代替它。 Eg. Oil will float on water .油能在水上漂流。Matches will not strike if they are damp.火柴如果潮湿，就划不着。练习题：Only in summer_.A.will the ice melt B.the ice will melt C.the ice can melt D.the ice melts If you_wait a moment ,Ill go to see if Mr.Johns is free .A.shall B.will C.would D.need 6.need: 作为情态动词时主要用在否定句和疑问句中，但是也可以用在用条件的肯定句中，这个条件是:肯定句中必须含有某些含某种否定含义的词语例如only ,but ,all,before等或者说句子中暗含某种否定含义。Eg. One need only consider the facts .否定含义是：只需考虑这些事实，不必去做别的事。All he need do is state his opinion clearly. 义是：只要清楚地陈述自己的观点，他不必做任何事。练习题：To become a member of the civic association ,one need only attend three meetings ,and _ his fees regularly。 A. pay B.to pay C.paying D.paiddidnt need to 和neednt have done 的区别：前者表示没有必要做实际上也没有做某事，后者表示做了不该做的事情。They didnt need to come here.他们不必来这儿（实际也没来）。 They neednt have come here.他们本来不必来这儿（但是实际来了） You _such a long essay ,the teacher only asked for 300 words ,and you have written 600 words . A.mustnt have written B.neednt have written C .didnt have to write D.didnneed to write You_all those calculations !We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A.mustnt have done B.must not have done C.shouldnt have done D.can not have done 7may / might well动词原形或may/ might as well动词原形 May /might well动词原形意思为“理应，有足够的理由”；may / might as well 动词原形 意思为“还不如，不妨，还是的好”，表示某人应该做某事，因为没有更好的事、没有更有趣的事或没有更有用处的事可以做。May as well 可能比might as well 更加肯定一点。Eg.He may well be proud of his son .他大可以他的儿子为荣。