现在完成时及练习.doc

高一英语学案 班级-姓名-使用时间-第-周 课 题 课 时 主备人 审核人 Module4 Grammar 赵 叶 高步亮 现在完成时(Present perfect tense)(一) 现在完成时的基本用法：1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 I have finished my work. We have set up many new factories.2. 动作发生在过去, 强调对现在的结果、影响等。 Have you ever seen the film “Harry Potter”? Ive spent 3 years in the countryside.3. 表示动作发生在过去, 并且一直持续到现在, 甚至还可能继续下去, 句中使用持续性动词, 且常有 表示一段时间的时间状语。 We havent seen each other for ten years.Ive been an English teacher for about 20 years.4. 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中, 表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。e.g. Ill go home as soon as I have finished my homework. Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it. (二) 使用现在完成时的句型1) 现在完成时+since + 点时间状语(名词、短语、从句, 其中从句用一般过去时)2) 现在完成时+ for+ 段时间状语 3) It / This is the first /其他序数词/ last time + that 从句中, 从句使用现在完成时。 注意: 在下面的句子中, 主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时： It is three years since I began to work on the farm. Its a long time since I saw you last. This is my first time that I have visited your hometown.(3) 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别: 现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响, 强调的是现在的情况, 所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用; 一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过, 与现在不发生联系, 它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。 He has read that book. (说明他现在知道那本书的内容) He read that book last year. (只说明他去年读过那本书) He has gone to America. (他现在不在此地, 在美国) He went to America. (只说明他去过美国)(四) 终止性动词与延续性动词：1. 终止性动词: 表示短暂的运动状态,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常用的动词有: come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。2. 延续性动词: 表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 常用的动词有: live, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等。高考链接:1. Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. (山东2010) A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved2. Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry, I _myself clear. We want to return on October 20.(北京 2010) A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made 3. When shall we restart our business? Not until we _ our plan（四川2010） A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished4. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely.(2010全国卷I) A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive5. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ on the market in 1973. （重庆2010） A. had comeB. has comeC. cameD. comes6. For many years, people _ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.（浙江2010） A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream ofComplete the conversation. Use the preset tense of the verbs in brackets, and for or since where appropriate. Mike: Hi, Kate. Kate: Hi, Mike. Mike: I havent seen your brother around for a long time. _ he _ (move) to a new neighborhood? Kate: No, he _ _ (move) to a new country! He _ _ (be) in Australia _ last year.Mike: Australia! Thats great country. _ you ever _ (be) there?Kate: No, I _ never _ (be) there, but I _ _ (decide) to go later this year.Mike: Great! _ your brother _ (send) you any photos _ he moved there?Kate: Yes, in fact, I _ just _ (receive) some. Here they are. This is his new house. He _ recently _ (finish) decorating it.答案：DDDBCB Mike:has moved; Kate: hasnt moved;has been, since; Mike:have been; Kate:have been ;have decided;Mike:Has sent,since Kate: have received ,has finished Module 4 Crammer课时作业一、翻译下列句子： 1. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 2. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 3. 你看过这部电影了吗？ 4. 这本字典我已买了三年了。 5. 他离开中国三年了。 6. 我认识他们五年了。 7. 他们已去了美国五年了。 8. 自从他搬到朔州，他就住这儿了。 9. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 10. 她来到这个学校已3年多了。 二、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空：1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _seen the film?” “No, I have _seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _left.”三、用适当的时态填空： 1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2.Both of them _ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days. 3. Half an hour _(pass) since the train _ (leave).4. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?5. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?6. _they _(build) a new school in the village?7. My father _ (read) the novel twice.8. I _ (buy) a book just now.9. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.10. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.四、句型转换1.The old man _last year. He for a year. (die) 2.This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.3.Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.4.He has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .5.The Greens moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Greens moved to France.6.The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) Keys一翻译：1. I have just lost my chemistry book. 2. I have never been to the farm before.3. Have you seen the movie yet?4. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago. 5. Has been away from China for three years. 6. I have known them for five years. 7. They have been in the USA for five years. 8. He has been here since he moved to Shuozhou. 9. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years. 10. She has been in this school for over three years.二.填空:1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already三.用适当的时态填空：1. lived / has been living2. have been3. has passed ; left4. has lost , have , seen5. Have , found6. Have , built7. has read8. bought9. lost10. have been reading / has read四.句型转换 1.died, has been dead 2.has been open 3.has been away 4.joined；ago 5.It is, since 6.The bus has been here for ten minutes. ing form and the infinitive1. 作主语(1) -ing形式和不定式都可在句中用作主语。一般情况下可以互换。 To learn a foreign language is not easy. = Learning a foreign language is not easy.(2) 表示具体的, 特定情况下的或有待于完成的动作时, 常用不定式。 To finish such a novel will take me several days. 读完这本小说需要花去我几天的时间。 Its impossible to get to Beijing in three hours this time, because there is something wrong with our car. 看来这次三个小时是到不了北京了, 因为我们的车出问题了。(3) 在 “It is + 形容词(如necessary) + for/ of sb. ”的结构后, 通常用不定式作真正的主语。而 “It is no use/no good/a waste of time”后通常接ing形式。 Its quite impossible to finish the work with so little money. 用这么少的钱想完成这项工作是不可能的。 Its no use asking him for help. 向他求助是没有用的。(4) There is no 结构后只能接ing形式。 There is no knowing whether he is dead or alive. 无从得知他是死是活。2.作表语(1) 两者都可用作表语, 而且一般情况下可以互换。 His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses. 他的工作就是粉刷房屋。(2) 表示具体的, 特定情况下的, 将来的动作, 通常用动词不定式。 Our homework today is to finish the exercises 2 and 3 on page 10. 我们今天的作业就是完成第10页的练习2和3。(3) 主语与表语通常要保持形式一致。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。3. 作宾语(1) 有些动词后面只能用不定式作宾语，常见此类动词有： ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, set out, want, wish, expect, demand She decided to help him. 她决定帮他。As a student, he cant afford to buy a car now. 作为一个学生，他现在买不起车。 Though he was very busy, he managed to take time to attend the wedding. 虽然他很忙，还是参加了那个婚礼。(2) 有些动词后只能接ing形式作宾语，常见此类动词有：admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, cant help, consider(考虑), delay, deny, endure, enjoy, excuse, escape, face, fancy, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practise, put off, risk, resist, suggest, understand等。 The doctor advised taking more exercise. 医生建议多做运动。 I suggest doing it in this way. 我建议这样做。 注意: 一些动词短语中含有介词to, 不要和不定式中的to混淆。常见此类短语: be used to, come to, devote to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, refer to, stick to等。I really must get down to considering it seriously. 我真的必须认真考虑一下这事了。 We are looking forward to seeing you again. 我们盼望着再次见到你。(3) 有些动词后既可接ing形式, 也可接不定式, 而且意义上没有差别。常见此类动词: cant stand, prefer, learn, continue等。 I cant stand seeing/to see good food going to waste. 我无法忍受看到好好的粮食被浪费掉。 She continue to work/working after having a baby. 有了孩子后她仍然继续工作。(4) begin, start后跟不定式或动名词皆可, 通常可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 只用不定式。1) start, begin本身为时行时时。 The boy noticed his father was beginning to get angry, so he ran away. 那个小男孩注意到他的父亲开始生气了, 所以就跑开了。2) 当主语为非生物名词或it时。 A strong wind started to blow. 一阵强风开始刮起来。3) 当其后接表示心理活动的词时, 如understand, realize, know, see等。He began to realize the importance of foreign languages. 他开始意识到外语的重要性。(5) 在hate, like, love后, 表示经常性, 习惯性的动词时, 通常用动名词; 表示特定的、具体的某次行为 则用不定式。 I dony like bothering him when he is busy. 我不喜欢在他忙得时候打扰他。 I usually like staying with him, but I even hate to see him that night. 我通常喜欢和他在一起，但是那天晚上我甚至不想见到他。(6) 在remember, forget, try, go on, regret, mean, stop, want, need, require等动词后既可接ing, 也可接不定式, 但含义不同。1) remember to do记着去做(还没有做的事) remember doing记得做过某事2) forget to do 忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记了做的事3) go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做(原来做的)同一件事4) regret to do 遗憾将要做某事 regret doing 后悔做过某事5) mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事6) stop to do 停止(正在做的事)去做另一件 stop doing 停止正在做的事7) try to do 努力做某事 try doing 尝试着做某事8) want to do 想要做某事 want doing 需要被9) need/require to do 需要做某事 need/require doing 需要被 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记着关灯。 Certainly I posted your letterI remember posting it. 我当然给你寄信了, 我记得寄过它。 The machine needs cleaning.( needs to be cleaned). 这台机器需要清洁了。4. 作宾补(1) 常见用不定式作宾补的动词。 allow, help, warn, ask, force, tell, expect, promise, wish, want We expected him to win an Olympic gold medal. 我们期盼他赢一枚奥运金牌。 Tell him to come early. 告诉他早点来。(2) 不定式(不带to)和动词ing形式都可在感官动词和使役动词(feel, make, let, see, hear, watch, listen to, look at, notice, observe)后作宾补。不定式强调动作发生了, 完成了; ing形式则强调动作正在进行。 I saw a man walk into the garden and pick some flowers. 我看到一个男的进入花园, 摘了一些花。(进园摘花的动作已完成) I saw a man walking into the garden. 我看到一个男的正在进入花园。 (walk这个动作在“我看的时候”正在进行) We heard him sing a song at the party.我们在晚会上听他唱了一首歌。(他唱了一首, 我们完整的听了一首。) I heard him singing a song when passing his window. 经过他的窗户时，我听到他正在唱歌。 (我只听了一部分, 没有听完, 我过去后他可能还在唱）(3) 不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，在主动语态时，不能带to, 而变为被动语态时，要加上to。 They saw him steal Toms money. 他们看到他偷了汤姆的钱。 He was seen to steal Toms money. 他被看到偷了汤姆的钱。5. 作状语不定式作状语, 通常表示目的, 结果, 有时也放在形容词、过去分词后表示原因; ing形式作状语时通常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随等。 Ive taken some money out of the bank to buy a laptop. (目的) 为了买手提电脑, 我从银行了取了钱。 He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there. (结果) 他匆忙赶到学校, 却发现那儿没人。 Im glad to hear that. (原因) 听到那件事我很高兴。 Seeing the picture, he couldnt help thinking of those memorable days. (时间) 看到这张照片(的时候), 他情不自禁地想起了那些难忘的日了。 Not knowing his address, we couldnt get in touch with him. (原因) 不知道他的地址, 我们无法和他取得 联系。 Workin