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如何给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象?要想作文获得高分,显而易见就是要给阅卷老师留下美好的印象。老师们的阅卷过程是郁闷枯燥的。使自己的文章在大约1分钟的阅读时间内,迅速地在他们的脑海中形成较多的兴奋点,是至关重要的。首先,作文的写作时间为35分钟,合理的时间安排为10+20+5,前面的10分钟用来读题审题 ,构思并列提纲,接着的20分钟用来按照提纲写作,最后5分钟用来检查及润色。合理的时 间安排是写出优秀 作文的必不可少的第一步。其次,卷面的设置。要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉,作文的排版应该不多于2/3,不少于1/3,要留有余地,不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小。字迹要工整。段落方面,英语专业四级考试作文的特点决定了作文写法的基本框架为三段论。俗话说,事不过三,超过了三段后就会让人感到过于繁琐。并且应当注意的是,每段开头都应该有缩进,留有两个单词的位置。再次,除了形式之外,作文 的内容也尤其重要。阅卷老师阅卷一般是从第一段看语言,从第二段看结构。这就要求考生 的作文开头部分以及每一段的第一句一定要写得像英文,不要出现任何的拼写或语法错误。 除了语言的地道外,还要求作文有层次感。可以用一系列表示逻辑关系的连词,即路标 词来表示思路的清晰,如and, however, further more, also, whats more等。此外,还可 以用对等的句式结构,如for one thing, for another; On the one hand, on the other hand等来增加文章的层次感。总之,议论文对语言的要求主要体现在三个方面:用 恰当的逻辑词表现文章的逻辑性。要注意自然段与主题句的运用,即用自然段表现出文章 的逻辑性,并在每段中用主题句说明要点,给人一目了然的感觉。要注意句型结构,注意 每句的重心和句与句之间的衔接,使句意一环扣一环,避免松散。便条的写作便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求学生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景,确定便条所涉及的内容 ,如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。便条的特点在于内容简短,大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比,便条的语言更为口语化。有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时,就可以写便条,如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址,与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词,只需要写上便条者姓名。便条的日期一般只要写上星期几,也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间。便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。 2.in that: 在于,原因是in that 不能引导定语从句in which 介宾结构,可引导定语从句but that: 若不是now that: 既然Men are different from other animals in that the former can create and use tools while the latter cannot. 人与动物的不同之处在于,人会制造和使用工具而其他动物则不能。I like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.我喜欢城市,但我更喜欢农村,因为在农村我有许多朋友。in which 的用法=where1 如果先行词(指定语从句修饰的那个表地点的词)前已有前置词(介词),关系副词就用where ;如果先行词前没有前置词,此时既可以用where,也可以用in which,但在美国的TOEFL考试中一般要用in which。例如:The offices,laboratory,and museum are situated at te top of the hill whe re they command a fine view.(参考译文:办公室、实验室和博物馆都坐落在山顶上,从那儿他们可以俯瞰周围秀丽的景色。)句中用where是因为top前已有前置词at。The farmer uses wood to build a house in which to store grains.(译文:农民用木头造了一间房子,用来储存粮食。)2 it is the national priority to push the whole education,in which students from poverty-stricken families have the right to be offered the money and the fair opportunities.in which 是指代什么?in which 引导的是个非限制性定语从句,which指代先行词education. in which 指代的是 in the whole education “在全民教育的教育系统下”3 在定语从句中 in which 就相当于 where ,of which 就相当于 whose ; in / at which 就相当于 when ; for which 就相当于 whyI have a dream to own a refrigerator , in which I can store my favorite drinking and food .I have a dream to own a refrigerator , where I can store my favorite drinking and food .分词作状语(关键找逻辑主语)a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语21. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldnt help missing my middle school days.2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.=As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句)The girl was left alone in the room,weeping(crying )bitterly.(但注意特殊:Generally/frankly speaking. / taken as a whole(总的来讲)不考虑逻辑主语,看作为独立成分)独立主格结构由两部分,前一部分是名词或代词,后一部分是非谓语或其他词。前后两部分有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中作状语,多用于书面语。分以下六种形式:1. 名词/代词+现在分词 mr Li being a senior teacher, we all respect him.2. 名词/代词+过去分词Their work done, the workers left the factory.3. 名词/代词+不定式They divided the work, the husband to do the shopping and the wife clean the rooms.4. 名词/代词+形容词Ann came back from the country, her face black from the sun.5. 名词/代词+副词The meeting over, the officials came out.6. 名词/代词+介词短语The policeman was searching the house, gun in hand. 1. I see 我明白了。 2. I quit! 我不干了! 3. Let go! 放手! 4. Me too 我也是。 5. My god! 天哪! 6. No way! 不行! 7. Come on 来吧(赶快) 8. Hold on 等一等。 9. I agree。 我同意。 10. Not bad 还不错。 11. Not yet 还没。 12. See you 再见。 13. Shut up! 闭嘴! 14. So long 再见。 15. Why not? 好呀! (为什么不呢?) 16. Allow me 让我来。 17. Be quiet! 安静点! 18. Cheer up! 振作起来! 19. Good job! 做得好! 20. Have fun! 玩得开心! 21. How much? 多少钱? 22. Im full 我饱了。 23. Im home 我回来了。 24. Im lost 我迷路了。 25. My treat 我请客。1. Stop complaining! 别发牢骚!2. You make me sick! 你真让我恶心!3. Whats wrong with you? 你怎么回事?4. You shouldnt have done that! 你真不应该那样做!5. Youre a jerk! 你是个废物/混球!6. Dont talk to me like that! 别那样和我说话!7. Who do you think you are? 你以为你是谁?8. Whats your problem? 你怎么回事啊?9. I hate you! 我讨厌你!10. I dont want to see your face! 我不愿再见到你!11. Youre crazy! 你疯了12. Are you insane/crazy/out of your mind? 你疯了吗?(美国人绝对常用!)13. Dont bother me. 别烦我。14. Knock it off. 少来这一套。15. Get out of my face. 从我面前消失!16. Leave me alone. 走开。17. Get lost.滚开!18. Take a hike! 哪儿凉快哪儿歇着去吧。19. You piss me off. 你气死我了。20. Its none of your business. 关你屁事!22. How dare you! 你敢!23. Cut it out. 省省吧。24. You stupid jerk! 你这蠢猪!25. You have a lot of nerve. 脸皮真厚。26. Im fed up. 我厌倦了。27. I cant take it anymore. 我受不了了!(李阳老师常用)28. Ive had enough of your garbage. 我听腻了你的废话。29. Shut up! 闭嘴!30. What do you want? 你想怎么样?32. What were you thinking? 你脑子进水啊?33. How can you say that? 你怎么可以这样说?34. Who says? 谁说的?35. Thats what you think! 那才是你脑子里想的!36. Dont look at me like that. 别那样看着我。37. What did you say? 你说什么?38. You are out of your mind. 你脑子有毛病!39. You make me so mad.你气死我了啦。40. Drop dead. 去死吧!42. Dont give me your shit. 别跟我胡扯。43. Dont give me your excuses/ No more excuses. 别找借口。44. Youre a pain in the ass. 你这讨厌鬼。45. Youre an asshole. 你这缺德鬼。46. You bastard! 你这杂种!47. Get over yourself. 别自以为是。48. Youre nothing to me. 你对我什么都不是。49. Its not my fault. 不是我的错。50. You look guilty. 你看上去心虚。51. I cant help it. 我没办法。52. Thats your problem. 那是你的问题。53. I dont want to hear it. 我不想听!54. Get off my back. 少跟我罗嗦。55. Give me a break. 饶了我吧。56. Who do you think youre talking to? 你以为你在跟谁说话?57. Look at this mess! 看看这烂摊子!58. Youre so careless. 你真粗心。59. Why on earth didnt you tell me the truth? 你到底为什么不跟我说实话?60. Im about to explode! 我肺都快要气炸了!62. Im not going to put up with this! 我再也受不了啦!63. I never want to see your face again! 我再也不要见到你!64. Thats terrible. 真糟糕!65. Just look at what youve done! 看看你都做了些什么!66. I wish I had never met you. 我真后悔这辈子遇到你!67. Youre a disgrace. 你真丢人!68. Ill never forgive you! 我永远都不会饶恕你!69. Dont nag me! 别在我面前唠叨!70. Im sick of it. 我都腻了。71. Youre son of bitch! 婊子养的!72. Stop screwing/ fooling/ messing around! 别鬼混了!73. Mind your own business! 管好你自己的事!74. Youre just a good for nothing bum! 你真是一个废物!/ 你一无是处!75. Youve gone too far! 你太过分了77. I detest you! 我恨你!78. Get the hell out of here! 滚开!79. Dont be that way! 别那样!80. Cant you do anything right? 成事不足,败事有余。81. Youre impossible. 你真不可救药。82. Dont touch me! 别碰我!83. Get away from me! 离我远一点儿!84. Get out of my life. 我不愿再见到你。/ 从我的生活中消失吧。85. Youre a joke! 你真是一个小丑!86. Dont give me your attitude. 别跟我摆架子。87. Youll be sorry. 你会后悔的。88. Were through. 我们完了!89. Look at the mess youve made! 你搞得一团糟!90. Youve ruined everything. 全都让你搞砸了。91. I cant believe your never. 你好大的胆子!92. Youre away too far. 你太过分了。93. I cant take you any more! 我再也受不了你啦!94. Im telling you for the last time! 我最后再告诉你一次!95. I could kill you! 我宰了你!96. Thats the stupidest thing Ive ever heard! 那是我听到的最愚蠢的事!(比尔盖茨常用)97. I cant believe a word you say. 我才不信你呢!98. You never tell the truth! 你从来就不说实话!99. Dont push me ! 别逼我!100. Enough is enough! 够了够了!101. Dont waste my time anymore. 别再浪费我的时间了!102. Dont make so much noise. Im working. 别吵,我在干活。103. Its unfair. 太不公平了。105. Dont panic! 别怕!106. What do you think you are doing? 你知道你在做什么吗?107. Dont you dare come back again! 你敢再回来!108. You asked for it. 你自找的。109. Nonsense! 鬼话!lover 情人(不是“爱人”) busboy 餐馆勤杂工(不是“公汽售票员”) busybody 爱管闲事的人(不是“大忙人”) dry goods (美)纺织品;(英)谷物(不是“干货”) heartman 换心人(不是“有心人”) mad doctor 精神病科医生(不是“发疯的医生”) eleventh hour 最后时刻(不是“十一点”) blind date (由第三者安排的)男女初次会面(并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”) dead president 美钞(上印有总统头像)(并非“死了的总统”) personal remark 人身攻击(不是“个人评论”) sweet water 淡水(不是“糖水”或“甜水”) confidence man 骗子(不是“信得过的人”) criminal lawyer 刑事律师(不是“犯罪的律师”) service station 加油站(不是“服务站”) rest room 厕所(不是“休息室”) dressing room 化妆室(不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”) sporting house 妓院(不是“体育室”) horse sense 常识(不是“马的感觉”) capital idea 好主意(不是“资本主义思想”) familiar talk 庸俗的交谈(不是“熟悉的谈话”) black tea 红茶(不是“黑茶”) black art 妖术(不是“黑色艺术”) black stranger 完全陌生的人(不是“陌生的黑人”) white coal (作动力来源用的)水(不是“白煤”) white man 忠实可靠的人(不是“皮肤白的人”) yellow book 黄皮书(法国政府报告书,以黄纸为封)(不是“黄色书籍”) red tape 官僚习气(不是“红色带子”) green hand 新手(不是“绿手”) blue stocking 女学者、女才子(不是“蓝色长统袜”) China policy 对华政策(不是“中国政策”) Chinese dragon 麒麟(不是“中国龙”) American beauty 红蔷薇(不是“美国美女”) English disease 软骨病(不是“英国病”) Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年(不是“印度的夏日”) Greek gift 害人的礼品(不是“希腊礼物”) Spanish athlete 吹牛的人(不是“西班牙运动员”) French chalk 滑石粉(不是“法国粉笔”) 2.成语类 pull ones leg 开玩笑(不是“拉后腿”) in ones birthday suit 赤身裸体(不是“穿着生日礼服”) eat ones words 收回前言(不是“食言”) an apple of love 西红柿(不是“爱情之果”) handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆(不是“大字报”) bring down the house 博得全场喝彩(不是“推倒房子”) have a fit 勃然大怒(不是“试穿”) make ones hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然恐惧(不是“令人发指气愤”) be taken in 受骗,上当(不是“被接纳”) think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己(不是“为自己想得很多”) pull up ones socks 鼓起勇气(不是“提上袜子”) have the heart to do (用于否定句)忍心做不是“有心做”或“有意做”) 3.表达方式类 Look out! 当心!(不是“向外看”) What a shame! 多可惜!真遗憾!(不是“多可耻”) You dont say! 是吗!(不是“你别说”) You can say that again! 说得好!(不是“你可以再说一遍”) I havent slept better. 我睡得好极了。(不是“我从未睡过好觉”) You cant be too careful in your work. 你工作越仔细越好。(不是“你工作不能太仔细”) It has been 4 years since I smoked. 我戒烟4年了。(不是“我抽烟4年了”) All his friends did not turn up. 他的朋友没全到。(不是“他的朋友全没到”) People will be long forgetting her. 人们在很长时间内会记住她的。(不是“人们会永远忘记她”) He was only too pleased to let them go. 他很乐意让他们走。(不是“他太高兴了,不愿让他们走”) It cant be less interesting. 它无聊极了。(不是“它不可能没有趣”)4.关系代词that与which用于引导定语从句的区别(2)先行词是不定代词anything, nothing, little, all, everything时,关系代词用that;(3)先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰或由next,last, only, very修饰时,用that;(4)非限定性定语从句只能用which引导;(5)关系代词前面如果有介词,只能用which。In that 唔可以引导定语从句Any other 意为其他任何一个The other 2个中的一个Another 3者或3者以上的一个The others 同一范围内剩下的全部sosuch 两者都可以表示“如此”、“这样”。so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词;such是形容词,用来修饰名词,如果修饰单数可数名词(名词前常有形容词修饰),其后需加不定冠词a或an,即把不定冠词置于such的后面,形容词的前面。 例如:He writes so well他字写得这么好。 He told us such a funny story他给我们讲了一个很有趣的故事。 另外,当名词前有many,much,few,little等词修饰时,用so,不用such;当单数可数名词前有形容词修饰时,也可以用so,但要调整冠词的位置,即冠词置于形容词之后,单数可数名词前。例如: They made so much noise,our teacher got angry他们吵得这么历害,老师生气了。 Its so cold a day to day(Its such a cold day today)今天是这么寒冷的一天。 he was so kind that we will never forget him.his kindness was such that we will never foreget him .insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。如:He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。如: His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising.funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。句型:It is.that 结构后的主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。情态动词+动词完成时,即情态动词+have+done.表示对过去的行为或动作进行推测,评论或者判断.1.must have done.表示对过去某事的肯定猜测,其否定或疑问形式都用can/could来表示。例如:since the road is wet,it must have rained last night.2;当然对现在发生或者将来发生的事情,要用must do表示猜测,否定为cant dohe must understand that we mean business.you must be hungry after a long walk.反意疑问句中含有Must的情况主要有以下几种: 1)作为情态动词表“必须”,这时反意疑问句直接用mustn/neednt 2)当must表示推测时又分以下几种情况: a:对现在事实的推测,反意疑问句与must后面的动词呼应,如: You must be joking,arent you ? b:对过去事实的推测,表示动作的时候用did 当助动词,表示状态时用was,如: Mr Green must have been punished for his being rude at the meeting,didnt he ?(格林先生一定因为昨天在会上鲁莽的行为被处罚了,是吗?) 被处罚表示一个动作 She must have been a policeman ,wasnt she ?(她过去一定是个警察,是吗?) 是警察表示一种状态 对现在情况的推测,问句部分用主动词(do,be)一般现在时的适当形式。若是现在进行时,问句部分用现在进行时的适当形式表示。若是there be结构,问句用isnt/arent there。如: 1)He must be there,isnt he? 2)He must have a big family,doesnt he? 3)He must be waiting outside,isnt he? 4)There must be some students in the room,arent there? 对已发生的过去情况的推测,若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”,而且有表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用didnt;若没有表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用havent或hasnt。如: 1)They must have gone there last night,didnt they? 2)They must have arrived by now,havent they?(根据by now来判断) 3)They must have been to the Great Wall,havent they? 若是被动,应按被动结构来处理。如: 1)The room must have been cleaned yesterday,wasnt it? 2)The room must have been cleaned,hasnt it? 若句中有表示过去完成时的时间状语,问句部分应用hadnt.如: They must have learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term,hadnt they? (本题中must表推测,如果将它去掉,还原为真实句就是They had learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term.因此,反意问句是hadnt)“应当”“规定是”可视为情态动词 be supposed to You are to obey the school rules and regulations.so as to不能置于句首分词的时态辨析(见学生资料 语法词汇 )3. 不定式做宾语 掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词:afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。如:Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.4. 做定语 (1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时,该名词用不定式做定语。如:(It is )the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语,相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:tendency to dotend to do, decision to dodecide to do This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语,相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:ability to do“做的能力”able to do“有能力做”According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语,这些名词包括:way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (运动),effort等。如:I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.(5)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。如:Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.(3)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾,表示不愉快的结果,有时用only加强语气。常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如:Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.(4)not/never too to, too not to, but/only tooto, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义。如:考点5:动名词的使用(解题方法主要靠熟记)1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, recall,recollect,risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.2.动名词做介词短语考生尤其要识别下列短语中的to是介词,不是不定式符号:object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, preferto, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to。1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以,但在意思上有区别的动词的用法mean to do想要(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事)mean doing意味(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事)forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember doing记得(已做过的事)go on to do继而(做另一件事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾 regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔2.不定式的习惯用法句型:cannot help but do cannot but docannot choose but do can do nothing but dohave no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近,即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”感叹句的几种常用形式表达欢喜、悲伤、惊讶等感情的句子称为感叹句。一般以疑问词what或how起始,而以惊叹号终结。感叹句通常有以下形式:一、How+形容词或副词+S+V! How boring this is! 这实在太无趣了! How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真美妙! How well she remembered the first time she had seen him! (她把初见他的那幕情景记得好清楚呀!) 注:有时会将形容词或副词省略。如:How youve changed! 你的变化真大!二、What a an +形容词+名词+S+V! What a bad cough he has! (他咳得好历害!) What a voyage they had! 他们这段航行经验真是太完美可怕了! 注:这类句子若无形容词,则须就上下文来判断形容词为何。如:What a man he is! 那家伙算什么!What a business it is moving house! 搬家这件事真够受的!另外,若名词为不可数或复数的话,就不能用不定冠词。如:What bad weather were having! 多讨厌的天气!What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together. 我们大家一起去度假那可太有意思了。What lovely flowers they are! 好美的花朵啊! 三、How+形容词+ a an +名词+S+V ! How kind a man he is! 他这个人真好! 注:感叹句的省略用法 How lucky (I am) ! 我是多么地幸运啊! What a strange man (he is) ! 好奇怪的人啊! What a pity (it is) that you cant come with us! 你不能和我们一起来,真是可惜啊! How careless (it is) of him to make such a mistake! 他是不小心,才会犯下这种错误! 3. not only but also 不能用在否定句中。例如: 误: They dont fear not only hardship but

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