初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习.doc

初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习一 定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去;非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，定语从句起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who， whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that，which,whom可省略，但介词在引导词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。This is the house which/that we lived in last yearDo you know the baby who/that/whom Mary is taking care of?Do you know the baby of whom Mary is taking care?（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，有些介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远（4）引导词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或先行词本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.先行词为all， any， much， many， everything,anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in theroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）引导词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如： Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例如：This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，在定语从句中起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason（理由） why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。注意：a.Do you remember the time( which/that )Tom told you?b.This is the village (which/that)we visited last yearc.Do you know the city(where)he works? When=at/on/in+whichWhere=at/in/on+whichWhy=for+whicha.Do you know the time(at) which Mary gets up every day?b.Do you remember the year (in)which HongKong came back?c.This is the city(in)which Tom works单项填空。1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up your hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love the places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？1. A football fan(球迷) is _ has a strong interest in football.A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. who D. whom7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. those C. which D. what8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front.A. what B. that C. which D. where10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which11. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one13. -How do you like the book?-Its quite different from _ I read last month.A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what15. The train _ she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that18. Its the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D.when youve arrived19. He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A. wh