延续性和非延续性动词.doc

按动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短，可把动词分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。延续性动词：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等，可与一段时间连用，如：for 2 years, since he came here, since last year.非延续性动词：open, close, die, begin, start, finish, come, go, borrow, lend, buy等，不能与一段时间连用。但其否定式可以与一段时间连用。He has lived here for 2 years. 正确He hasnt received her letter for almost a month. 正确He has left for 2 years. 错误将非延续性动词转化成延续性动词Leave-be away Borrow-keepBuy- haveBegin,start-be onDie- be deadFinish/end/stop-be overJoin-be in+组织机构Open/close-keep sth open/closedFall ill- be illGet up- be upCatch/get a cold-have a coldFall asleep-be asleepBecome-beCome back-be backGet to/arrive at/reach-be inPut on-wearLose ones job/work-be out of work/a job1. A-A-A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hithit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 beat beat beaten 打 3. A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run跑 4. A -B -B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heardheard 听见 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spentspent 花费（3）其他 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought买 think thoughtthought 想sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白win won won 得胜 shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得 fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got/gotten 得到 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死 / 挂 have had had 有 hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉 smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖5. A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） （1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画 show showed shown 展示 （2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drun