四级英语翻译练习.doc

名师分析2011年英语四级翻译主要考点四级翻译部分为汉译英，共5个句子，一句一题，句长为15-30词，句中的一部分已用英文给出，考生需根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语，考试时间5分钟。翻译题重点考察考生对语法结构及常用英语表达习惯的掌握情况。若考生语法功底较好且句型和词组储备丰富，那么此题不会太为难。和作文相比，翻译虽只是个把句子，但来路不明难以猜测。作文尚可背诵模板以备执笔急需之用，而翻译则全无，它微小零星却锋利难防，并将考生模板式作文的画皮扯下，暴露其撰句能力的真实面目，所以令人可畏。根据近几年的翻译真题来看，针对某项语法重复考察率比较高，所以对曾经考察过的语法点依然不可松懈。下面所提一些重点语法项目，并提出一些建议，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。(1)句型以及其倒装使用2008年6月翻译真题第91题：_(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (Key：Not until he accomplished / finished the mission )建议：以此类推，掌握如下常用句型(以倒装方式给出)Not only .but alsoSo ( Such )that。.Not until。Neither.nor。.Hardly .when。.No sooner than。Only by /through /in ., 。.例：Not only _ (他向我收费过高)but he didnt do a good repair. (key：did he charge me too much)(2)从句a. 定语从句2008年12月翻译真题第87题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _(他们至今还没有答案) (Key :which/that they havent found answers to)b. 状语从句真题中出现过如if 条件状语从句(2007 年6月第 91题)，no matter引导的让步状语从句(2007年12月第89题和2008年6月第89题)建议：关于定语从句，到目前为止所考察的均为关系代词which/ that等所引导的，所以考生需额外留意关系副词where/ when/how 所引导的定语从句。对于状语从句，继续复习如时间状语从句，方式状语从句，因果状语从句等其他类状语从句。除却定语从句，状语从句外，名词性从句也需加强，如宾语从句(特别注意wish/ would rather 引导的宾语从句中虚拟样式)，表语从句，同位语从句甚至主语从句。(3)非谓语动词a. 分词做伴随状语2008年6月第90题：考试大，考试伴你同行_(与我成长的地方相比) this town is more prosperous and exciting. (key : Compared with the place where I grew up)注意，答案中除过去分词(compared with )做伴随外，还含有where引导的定语从句。b. 动词不定式做目的状语2006年6月第88题_(为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. (Key : to support my university studies )建议：由于非谓语动词除分词和动词不定式外，还包括动名词，但尚未考察过，所以考生有必要预备非谓语动词之“动名词”情况。(4)其他类语法如：虚拟语气，比较级，情态动词。(5)常用词组：尤其是动介词组，如adapt to ., have trouble doing ， be likely to do. , attribute to。.等类似样式。作文是表达自己，可以随心所愿，而翻译是表达别人，被动且受制。学习翻译，尝试放下过分的自我，顺服接受，反而会行得更容易些。CET-4 翻译练习练习（一）1. _(不论演奏过多少回)，the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.2. When you get men into that state of anger, _(他们很容易出麻烦).3. _(尽管我很崇拜他是个作家), I dont like him as a man.4. His eyes were reading books_(脑子却在胡思乱想).5. Only in this way _(我们才能在毕业之后很快适应社会).6. _ (他真正希望得到的东西) is encouragement from his parents and teachers.7. It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).8. Why didnt you tell me you could lend me the money? I_ (本来不必从银行借钱的).9. _(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.10. I_(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.11. _(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.12. It is not yet known _(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).13. His remarks left me _(想知道他的真实目的).14. If you had_ (听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦).15. The government was accused _(没能实现其改善城市交通状况的承诺).练习（二）1. This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).2. Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就结束了).3. The war went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命).4. (无论理由是什么)，we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.5. The population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before_ _ _ (发达国家尤为如此).6. _(让世界发展如此之快的)is the modern science and technology.7. A student must treasure his time and _(吸收尽可能多的知识)to lay a solid foundation for his future career.8. For students eager to be useful to society, _(没有任何地方的教育比大学里的更好了) -studying there is like bathing yourself in the oceans of knowledge.9. As for Williams, _(他宁愿死也不愿意做这件事).10. Only under special circumstances, _(学生才被准许提前毕业).11. Henry has prepared a party for his girlfriend，_(结果却被告之她到时候不能来了).12. The identical twins resemble each other_(长相相似但性格不同).13. I would rather join you in research work_(而不愿到海滨去度假).14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language，they can communicate with adults _(通过面部表情和靠发出噪声).15. Although I liked the appearance of the house，_(真正让我决定买下它的)was the beautiful view through the window.答案及解析：练习（一）1.【答案】No matter how frequently performed考查no matter how“无论如何”引导的状语从句。2.【答案】they are apt to make troublebe apt to表示“易于做某事”，指人的机体或精神上的固有的或习惯的倾向等;make trouble表示“惹麻烦”。3.【答案】Much as I admire him as a writer让步状语从句：much as表示“尽管”，as 引导的让步状语从句，其主要结构为：形容词/副词/名词+ as/though + 主语+ 谓语，much表示程度;admire him as a writer译为“崇拜他是作家”。4.【答案】while his mind was wanderingwhile表示“却”;mind was wandering表示“胡思乱想”。5.【答案】can we adapt(ourselves)to the society quickly after we graduate本题考查对倒装句、adapt的用法以及after引导的时间状语从句的掌握。only引起的状语位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。本题中要将情态动词can提前。adapt作“适应”解时常用于adapt(oneself)to sth.的结构。6.【答案】What he really hopes for本题考查主语从句。例如：What matters to us is how to make our campus life meaningful and fruitful.对我们来说，重要的是如何让我们的校园生活有意义、有收获。7.【答案】more mobile shops(should)be set up in the residential area表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式。8.【答案】neednt have borrowed it from the bank本题考查虚拟语气的用法，neednt have done的结构是“本不必这样做而做了”的意思。9.【答案】It is because she is too inexperienced没有经验可以用一个形容词来翻译，即inexperienced。10.【答案】will be doing/conducting the experiment本题考查将来时态的用法，“做实验”既可用do experiment也可用conduct experiment。11.【答案】However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him表示为难，此处用upset，当然我们也可以用made sb.in a difficult position，或embarrass sb.。12.【答案】whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human visionwhether/if引导后置的主语从句13.【答案】wondering about his real purposeleave sb.doing 让继续处于某种状态;leave sb.to do sth.让某人干某事14.【答案】followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法。从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were)+ 主句：主语+ would(should, could, might)+ 动词原形+ 15.【答案】of failure to fulfill its promise to improve urban traffic conditions/of failing to fulfill its promise to improve urban traffic conditions本题考查对accuse的用法及短语fulfill ones promise to的掌握。Accuse“指责、控告”常用于accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.的结构，所以was accused of之后用failure和failing都可以。“实现的承诺”用fulfill ones promise to表示，to后接动词原形。练习（二）1.【答案】reacts three times as fast as the other one本题考查倍数的表达方式。倍数表达法有三种：A倍数+原级B 倍数+比较级C倍数+名词短语。例如：和的三倍一样长可以译为：A.is three times as long as B./ twice longer than C./ three times the length of B2.【答案】or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church将来完成时。3.【答案】killing thousands upon thousands of people分词作结果状语。4.【答案】Whatever be the reasons for itwhatever“无论是什么”引导的状语从句。5.【答案】especially in developed countries“发达国家”和“发展中国家”的表达方式分别为developed country, developing country。6.【答案】What makes the world develop so fast根据句子各部分语法功能判断，我们在这里需要的是一个主语，因此必须将需填入部分译成what引导的主语从句，全句意思为：什么让世界发展如此之快是现代科技。7.【答案】absorb as much knowledge as he can本句意为：学生应该珍惜宝贵时间并吸收尽可能多的知识以便为将来事业打下坚实的基础。“吸收”可选用absorb，drink in，take in.“尽可能多的”译为as many as或as much as，具体要看句中名词是可数还是不可数。lay a foundation for表示“为打下基础”。8.【答案】nowhere is education better than in college“没有任何地方”译成“nowhere”，但nowhere是一个表示否定的词，后面要采取部分倒装的形式，所以把is置于主语education之前。9.【答案】he would sooner die than do such a thing主语+would sooner+动词原形+than+动词原形表示“两者比较宁愿做，也不愿意做另一件”，强调意愿。该句型还有另外一种形式：Sooner than +动词原形，(主句)主语+would+动词原形。主要是用于强调所比的对象，主句虽然放在后面，但不用倒装。10.【答案】are students permitted to graduate in advance句首是Only +介词短语，后面应用倒装句式，属于部分倒装，系动词+主语+其他;are