形容词副词语法.doc

形容词和副词一形容词及其用法 1.形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类， 其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化可以用程度副词修 饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有well,unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 2. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively, ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 (错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. 对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. We should care for the old有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. 4.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 1.副词的位置 1.在动词之前2.在be动词、助动词之后3. 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well. 2.副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully. 3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much. 注意；副词enough要放在形容词的后面形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I dont know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. 3. 兼有两种形式的副词 1) close与closely close意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2)late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3)deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4)high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5)wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6)free与freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 4.You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. Y某些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或物（因此看成复数），起其作用相当于一个名词。如：the old老人，the young年轻人，the rich富人，the dead死者5.ill作定语时表示“坏的”、“不吉祥的”“邪恶的”“恶意的”；作表语表示“生病的”，“身体不适的”“不健康的” certain作定语表示“某个”“某些”“某种”，作表语时意为“肯定的”“必然的”“有把握的”三.形容词与副词的比较级 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1)规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级1.一般单音节词 tall(高的) taller tallest 未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest 2.以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的) nicer nicest 的单音词和少数 large(大的) larger largest 以- le结尾的双 able（有能力的) abler ablest 音节词只加-r,-st3.以一个辅音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest 结尾的闭音节单 hot热的) hotter hottest 音节词，双写结 尾的辅音字母， 再加-er，-est 4.“以辅音字母+y” easy(容易的) easier easiest 结尾的双音节词， busy(忙的)busier busiest 改y为i，再加 -er，-est5. 少数以-er，-ow clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest 结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest 未尾加-er，-est 6.其他双音节词和多音节词，在前 important(重要的)more important most important面加more，most来构成比较级和easily(容易地) more easilymost easily最高级。2.不规则变化 原级 比较级最高级 good(好的)/betterbestwell(健康的) bad (坏的)/ill worse worstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldest much/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest 形容词和副词句型1. as +形容词或副词原级 + as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当asas中间有名词时采用以下格式as +形容词+a+单数名词as +many/much +名词This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.4)倍数+ as + adj. + as倍数+ than + of This bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine.2.比较级形容词或副词 + than 用比较级进行比较要用连词than，其结构是：主+谓+形容词/副词的比较级+than+主（有时和其后的部分可以省略）。 The students of Class Two study more carefully than those of Class One. Are you feeling better now(than before)?注意：1）要避免重复使用比较级。(错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters.5)可修饰比较级的词 1. a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2.还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3.以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.muchD.more much3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A.the happiest timeB. a more happier time C. much happiest timeD.a much happier time6) many,old和 far1.如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词many more +可数名词复数2. old有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3. far有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。 在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步。I have nothing further to say.3. the +最高级 +比较范围对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，要用最高级，其结构是：“the+最高级（+名词）+比较范围（of或in短语）。” Yang Wei studies (the) hardest in her class.She is the taller of the two sisters.The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义只表示非常。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.4.特殊句型1) 主+动词（实义或系词）+比较级（副词或形容词）+than any +other 名单+范围（in of among）用比较级表最高级 Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.2) The +比较级+主+胃，The +比较级+主+胃. 越.,越.The more friendly you are, the more friends you have. The more careful he is, the fewer mistakes hell make. The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.3. more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than与一样，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all3.比较级+and+比较级，表示“越越”The worlds population is growing faster and faster.形容词练习1( )1. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as( )2 When we speak to people, we should be . A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly( )3 This book is_ that one, but_ than that one.A. as difficult as;expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive( )4 I think the story is not so _ as that one. A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting( )5 His father began to work_ he was seven years old. A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while2( )1. I think science is _ than Japanese.A.much important B. important C.much more important D.more much important( ) 2 This pencil is_than that one.A. longest B.long C.longer D.as long( ) 3 My mother is no _ young.A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few( ) 4 These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller( ) 5 It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today. A. even hotter B. more hotterC. much more hot D. much hot( )6. Mrs Black has got_ instead of getting any better. A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse3( ) 1 When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students.A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite( )2 The house is small for a family of six.A. much too B. too much C. very much D.so( )3 Through the window we can see nothing but _ buildings. A.tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall( )4 -Whats your brother like? -He is_. A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school( )5 The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheapl( )6 Our classroom is_ larger than theirs. A. more B. quite C. very D. much4( ) 1 The earth is about_as the moon. A.as fifty time big B.fifty times as big C.as big fifty times D.fifty as times big( ) 2 Your room is mine. A. twice as large than B. twice the size of C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as( ) 3 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times( ) 4 His father is_than his mother. A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years5( ) 1 Maths is more popular than_. A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject( ) 2 China is larger than _ in Africa. A. any other country B.other countries C.the other country D. any country( ) 3 Tom is stronger than _ in his class. A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy6( ) 1 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter( )2 By and by, _ students in our class came to like English. A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least( )3 At last he began to cry _. A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder( )4 When spring comes the days get _ and nights _. A. short; long B. long; short C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer7（ ）1_ I look at the picture, _ I like it. A.The best;the more B.The more;the lessC.The more;less D.More; the more（ ）2 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested （ ）3 _ you come back, _ it will be. A, The quicker; the best B. The sooner; the better C. Faster; the better D. The sooner; better8( )1 I like_ one of the two books.A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older( )2 Which is_country, China or Japan? A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest( ) 3 Of the two cups, he bought . A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D: smaller9( ) 1 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most( ) 2 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult( ) 3 Which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish? A. good B. better C. best D. well( ) 4 The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once A. higher B. highest C. high too D. more high( ) 5 Dont you think it _ not to write the letter? A. well B. better C. best D. good10( ) 1 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far( ) 2 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest( ) 3 The fifth orange is_ of all. Give it to that small child. A. big B. bigger C. the bigger D. the biggest( )4 Who is-of you three? A. the oldest B. much older C. oldest D. older11( ) 1 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall( ) 2 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language( ) 3 Beijing is one of_ in China A.the largest city B.the large cities C.the larger cities D. the largest cities12( )1. Most of the woods _ been taken good care of. A. are B. is C. has D. have( )2 _ like playing football and watching TV. A. Most boys B. Most of they C. Most boy D. More of they( )3 _ are here watering the flowers here. A. Some B. Some of the boys C. Some boy D. Some of boys( )4 _ havent been to American. A. Most them B. Most they C. More of them D. Most of them13( )1 _ is more beautiful than roses.A.No other flower B.No another flowerC.Not other flower D.Not all flowers( )2 The tree is _ in the garden.A. the taller B. the tallest C. taller than of-all D. tall.( )3 Mary studies harder in her class. A. as any one B. than any other girlC. than the other D. than anyone14( )1 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest( )2 Which language is_, English, French or Japanese? A. easy B. the most easy C. the easiest o D. much more easy( )3 Which is_interesting, science, maths or English? A. more B. the most C. very D. too( )4 Which city is_, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? A.beautiful B.more beautiful C. much more beautiful D.the most beautiful( )5 Which month is_, June, July or August? A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest15( )1 Do you have _ to tell us?A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything( )2 Mike, I have_to tell you. A. important something B. important anything C. something important , D. anything important( )3 There is _ in todays newspaper. A. interesting something B. nothing interesting C. interesting anything D. anything interesting( )4 -Is Mrs Brown badly ill? -No, _. Only a little cold. A. quite well B. nothing serious C. not worry D. anything serious( )5 Come here, I have_ to tell you. A. interesting something B. anything interesting C. nothing interesting D. something interesting 16( ) 1. Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough( ) 2 The girl works hard _ to pass the exam. A. enough B. too C. still D. yet( ) 3 He has_ to think it over. A. many time B. times C. time enough D, enough time17( ) 1 Do you want_? the shop assistant asked. A. else anything B. anything else C. other anything D. else something( ) 2 Have you seen _ in the room? A. anyone else B. else anyone C. anyone other D. everyone else( ) 3 _ would like to go to the park with me? A. Whom else B. What else C. Who else D. Else who18( ) 1 Wei Fang is only six, but she speaks English_ her mother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as( ) 2 She was sick yesterday, but she is_ to go to school today. A. enough good B. good enough C. enough well D. well enough( ) 3 This kind of book is_ for the children to read. A. enough well B. enough good C. well enough D. good enough ( ) 4 -Are you feeling _? -Yes, Im fine now. A. quite good B. quite better C. any well D. any better( ) 5 This shirt is no good. That one is even A. better B. worse C. well D. worst19( ) 1 We have never seen_ interesting films. A. such B. such an C. so D. such a( ) 2 Dont read books _ you cant understand. A. as; such B. such; as C. same; as D. as; as( ) 3 This is_ book_ Id like to read once more. A. such an interesting; that B. so interesting; that C. such an interesting; as D. a so interesting; as( ) 4 We havent seen _ play. A. so wonderful B. a so wonderful C. such wonderful D. such a wonderful20( ) 1 I am twelve; Mike is fourteen; Mary is thirteen. So Mike is the _ of the three.A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest( ) 2 My _ brother is three years _ than I. A. elder; elder B. older; oldest C. elder; older D. older; elder( ) 3 His _ son often go to see him on Sunday. A. eldest B. olderC. the eldest D. the older 副词练习1( ) 1 He speaks English_his aunt. A. as good as B. as well as C. as better as D. as best as( ) 2. Which do you like_, skating, swimming or fishing? A. more B. most C. better D. best( ) 3 Who sings_, Rose or Kate? A. well B. good C. better D. best( ) 4 She writes_than I. A. more careful B. much careful C. much more carefully D. much carefully( ) 5 The night was very _, so he had to take off his shoes _. A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. la