英语同位语要点汇聚.docVIP

同位语从句讲解用做同位语的从句叫做同位语的从句(oppositive clause)。同位语的从句与先行词等同或同位，其先行词为:advice,indication,assumption,agreement,danger,fact,news,idea,thought,question,problem,reply,report,remark,word,information,promise,reason,answer,doubt, discovery,fear,message,proposal, story,theory,request,truth,opinion,hope,suggestion,conclusion,order,decision,possibility等抽象名词。关联词常用that,偶尔whether用引导,有时结合语意也可用疑问代词who,which,what和疑问副词where, when,why,how等引导。例如:1.They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.2.Where did you get the idea that I could not come?3.Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.4.There is a real danger that Oxford will not retain its world position.5.Several years later，word camethatNapoleon himself was coming to inspect them几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。 6.The thought came to himthat maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。7.There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问,小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词,同位语从句)8.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。9.Chevrons,scientists say,not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower.10.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historians inquiry.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。11.I have no idea where I should go. 12.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.13.We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。14.It si a question how he did it.他如何做了此事，是个问题。15.I have no idea when he will be back我不知道他什么时候回来。16.He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order.他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)同位语从句1、概述用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。I have no ideawhat you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。2、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.有消息透露，大学将招收更多的中学毕业生。The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.我们缺少足够的电话这一事实需要加以考虑。The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明。5、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。（1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句)The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句)（2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语)The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分)（3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。Gone forever are the days whenChinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)（4）同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggest