名师指导英语四级听力突破必备语音及讲义.doc

第一讲 单回合对话（短对话）当前讲授短对话题型的考查重点侧重于考查日常生活中的语言功能及语意“潜规则”。具备能力：日常会话中的一些习惯用语和表达例：M: My chemistry project is in trouble. My partner and I have actually different ideas about how to proceed.W: You should try to meet each other halfway.Key: They should come to compromise.表示拒绝或接受、同意或不同意的词句虚拟语气以及建议等语气肯定和否定的转换，即用肯定句式表达否定的含义，或用否定句式表达肯定的含义。根据语调来判断说话者的真实意见一、判断职业身份与人物关系型考察人物的职业、身份以及与他人的关系。对话中经常提供一个情节或情境，反映所涉及人物的职业、身份或彼此关系。这类题型的常见提问方式有：Who is the manwoman?What is the manwoman?What are the speakers?Who are the two speakers?What is the manswomans joboccupationprofession?What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?例1：A) Store manager and customer B) Landlord and tenant.C) Tourist guide and tourist D) Hotel clerk and guest.隐藏答案【原文】W：I wonder if there is a single room available.M：Yes. We have a single room with an attached bathroom at forty dollars a night.Q：Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers? (D)例2：A) The woman is the mans assistant.B) The woman is the mans student.C) The woman is his assistants neighbor.D) The woman is the mans neighbor.隐藏答案【原文】M：Math Department. Dr. Mead speaking.W：Hello Professor Mead. This is Jane Carter calling. I live two doors from your teaching assistant, Susan Hill. Susan asked me to call you because she has lost her voice and cannot talk to you herself.Q：Whats the relationship between the man and the woman ? (C)解题对策(1) 浏览选项，确认题目类型。(2) 对大多数情景来说，考生无须听懂整个句子或对话连贯的意思，只要听清几个孤立的线索词就能解题。因此听音时要注意捕捉对话中出现的与说话人身份、对话的时间、地点等相关的线索词或关键词，而后推断作答。(3) 留意对话中双方的说话方式及语气。另外很多情况下，一些见面常用语也可以暗示某种职业。如：Can I help you? 一般是服务行业人员的用语，而Whats wrong with you? 是医生的常用语。librarian and student: borrow, return, due, renew, fine, books, journal, magazines, reference books, check out, book catalog(ue), library card, bookshelfdoctor and patient: tablet, pill, medicine, operation, doctor, dentist, physician, surgeon, patient, nurse, ward, fever, cough, headache, temperature, blood pressure, dizzy, pain, sore, throat, flu, sick, injection, vaccine, whats trouble/wrong真题练习例题A) Colleagues.B) Husband and wife.C) Employer and employee.D) Mother and son.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】W：John, what are you doing on your computer? Dont you remember your promise?M：This is not a game. Its only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.Q：What is the probable relationship between the speakers? （D）二、地点场景题问题是关于对话发生的场合、地点或者涉及到的人或事物所处的位置。这类题型的常见提问方式有：Where is the conversation most probably taking place?Where does the dialogue likely take place?Where are they taking?Where are the two People?例1：A) At the clinic. B) In a supermarket.C) At a restaurant. D) In an ice-cream shop.隐藏答案【原文】M：Ill have the steak, French Fries, and lets see, chocolate ice-cream for dessert.W：Oh-oh, you know these things ruin you health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?Q：Where does the conversation most probably take place? (C)例2：A) In a bank. B) In a school.C) In a clothing store. D) In a barbershop.隐藏答案【原文】W：You seem very confident about the job interview，dont you?M：Yes，I feel ready for it. I bought a good suit at a clothing store and I had my hair cutI had studied almost everything about finance and economics.Q：Where is the man probably going to work? (A)解题对策(1) 对话中并未提到具体的场所，根据对话内容推测。要求抓住信息词，即与特定的地点相关的最常用词语。(2) 对话中提到多个地点，就其中一个提问，解题关键在于区分细节，抓关键词。(3) 熟悉常考场景。Clinic, hospital, school, campus, railway station, post office, bank, restaurant, bookstore, airport, library, hotel真题练习例题A) At a booking office. B) In a Hong Kong hotel.C) On a busy street. D) At an airport.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】W: Can I help you, sir?M: Can you show me the way to Gate 9 for Flight 901 to Hong Kong? Im quite confused here.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? （D）例题A) At a newsstand. B) At a car dealers.C) At a publishing house. D) At a newspaper office.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】M: Excuse me. Id like to place an advertisement for used car in the Sunday edition of your paper.W: Ok, but you have to turn your advertisement all week. We cannot quote rates for just Sunday.Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place？（D）三、数字与计算型特征明显，涉及广泛，包括对年月、日期、时间、价格、人数、号码等的提问，也可能就具体数字要求考生做相应的简单运算。4个选项一般都是相似或相关的数字，偶尔会有介词后跟数字。出题形式一般为两类：数字辨别和数字计算。数字与计算类试题常见的提问方式有：How muchmany?How far does the manwoman?How long willdid it take to?What time?At what time did the conversation take place?When willstart?例1：A) At 5:10. B) At 5:00.C) At 4:30. D) At 5:15.隐藏答案【原文】M：I wonder if Suzy will be here by 5 oclock.W：Her husband said she left home at 4:30. She should be here at 5:10, and 5:15 at the latest.Q：What time did Suzy leave home? (C)例2：A) At 10:30.B) At 10:25.C) At 10:40.D) At 10:50.隐藏答案【原文】M：So when are the other guys going to get here? The train is leaving in 10 minutes. We cant wait here forever.W：Its ten thirty already. They are supposed to be here by now. I told everybody to meet here by 10:15.Q：When is the train leaving? (C)解题对策(1) 首先在浏览选项后迅速分析选项之间的数字关系，推测出题方向。(2) 之后边听边针对选项作一些必要的记录，以便在回答提问时“对号入座”。同时也应留意对话中出现而选项中并未出现的数字。(3) 听清问题，选出对应项或适当的运算方法，得出正确答案。(4) 要做好数字计算题，平时还应掌握各种数字的读法。321,987,654,321999年 2025年10点/10点15/ 10点22/10点30/10点40/10点50/正午12点/午夜12点20.50 $ 15.9558-01-68503410.17 3.46 35% 67.89% 10%5月1日 第二层楼 1/2 1 1/2 2/3 2 同时注意一些与数字有关的词汇或表达方式。如more (多)，less (少)，early (早)，late (迟)，half (一半)，quarter (四分之一)，double (两倍)，couple (一对)，dozen (一打，十二个)，every other day (每隔一天)，twice a week (每周两次)，four times (四次，四倍)等。真题练习例题A) 5:00.B) 5:15.C) 5:30.D) 5:45.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】W: Whats the time for departure?M: 5:30. That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the customs and check our luggage.Q: At what time did the conversation take place? （B）例题A) $1.40.B) $6.40.C) $4.30.D) $8.60.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】W: Heres a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show, please.M: Sure. Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change.Q: How much does one ticket cost? （C）第一讲 单回合对话（短对话）当前讲授四、综合推断型旨在考察考生理解对话深层含义或内涵的能力。要求考生在听懂对话内容的基础上，根据对话双方的语调、语气和情景等信息，结合自己的语言知识、语法知识、生活常识、文化背景知识等进行归纳、推理和判断，透过表面词语意义，领会说话人的深层含义或真实意图。解题对策(1) 通过选项分析预测关键信息可能的内容或趋势。(2) 根据预测分析注意捕捉相关信息。考生要首先听清对话内容，然后透过字面意思，体会讲话人的言外之意。(3) 保持清晰的思路，根据选项提示，结合对话内容进行合乎逻辑的推论。1.考查内容例：A.) Alice didnt seem to be nervous during her speech.B.) Alice needs more training in making public speeches.C.) The man can hardly understand Alices presentation.D.) The man didnt think highly of Alices presentation.隐藏答案【原文】W：Did you attend Alices presentation last night? Its the first time for her to give a speech to a large audience.M：How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me.Q：What do we learn from the conversation? (A)2.考查原因例：A.) His injury kept him at home.B.) He didnt think it necessary.C.) He was too weak to see the doctor.D.) He failed to make an appointment.隐藏答案【原文】W：Why didnt you make an appointment to see the doctor last week when you first twist your ankle?M：The injury didnt seem serious then. I decided to go today, because my foot still hurt when I put my weigh on it.Q：Why didnt the man see the doctor earlier? (B)3.考查建议例：A.) Quit delivering flowers.B.) Work at a restaurant.C.) Bring her flowers every day.D.) Leave his job to work for her.隐藏答案【原文】M：Washing dishes at the restaurant every day is really boring.W：Why dont you quit and deliver flowers for me?Q：What does the woman advise the man to do? (D)其主要特征就是对话中出现了表示建议的一些句型。形式往往是对话中一人提出具体问题或事情，另一人就这一主题给予建议。这种建议大多以委婉的方式提出，有时还会采用虚拟语气的条件句。4.考查虚拟例：A.) He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.B.) He has made great progress in his English.C.) He is a student of the music department.D.) He is not very interested in English songs.隐藏答案【原文】W：Mr. Jones，your student, Bill, shows great enthusiasm for music instruments.M：I only wish he showed half as much for his English lessons.Q：What do we learn from the conversation about Bill? (A)对话中有一方的话语中含有虚拟语气条件句，而选项多为事实的陈述句。这类题型涉及到虚拟语气的不同时态和不同表达形式; 有时候虚拟条件从句还以倒装的形式出现。所以听音上有一定难度。此外，在出题方向上，虚拟语气类题型涉及的范围也比较广泛：包括通过虚拟语气形式来考查观点、看法、态度、愿望以及建议等等。5.考查否定例：A.) The woman is watching an exciting film with the man.B.) The woman cant take a photo of the man.C.) The woman is running toward the lake.D.) The woman is filming the lake.隐藏答案【原文】M：Look，the view is fantastic. Could you take a picture of me with the lake in the background?W：I am afraid I just ran out of film.Q：What do we learn from the conversation? (B)考查的重点基本是两类： 隐含否定题； 虚假否定题。隐含否定题的最大特点是；含意是否定的，但是不出现任何否定词。也就是说，表面是肯定的，实际是否定的。对话一方提出问题，另一方没有直接回答这个问题，而是讲一个事实，通过这个事实表示否定。这类题目在考试中很常见。虚假否定题，尤其常见双重否定。特点是；表面出现否定词，表示如：not impossiblepossible；Cant agree more = agree。6.考查转折例：A.) She has to study for the exam.B.) She is particularly interested in plays.C.) Shes eager to watch the new play.D.) She can lend her notes to the man.隐藏答案【原文】M：If you are not to do anything particular, shall we see the new play at the grand theater tonight?W：Sounds greatBut Ive got to go over my notes for tomorrows midterm.Q：What does the woman imply? (A)考点常常是两类问题：一是对于邀请的回答。二是态度、意见或建议的补充、让步。对话中的转折词but是该题型的最根本标志。这类对话的形式常常是：第一人先说一句无关紧要的内容，第二人的回答往往分两部分完成：先是一个简单句，说明原本的意图，再由转折词话锋一转，说明实际的结果。因此这类题型的重点总是在转折词but之后。7.考查比较例：A.) Its not as hard as expected.B.) Its too tough for some students.C.) Its much more difficult than people think.D.) Its believed to be the hardest optional course.隐藏答案【原文】W：Is that optional course as hard as everybody says?M：Its actually even worse，believe or not.Q：What did the man say about the course? (C)真题练习11.A.) It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer.B.) It was mainly meant for cancer patients.C.) It might appeal more to viewers over 40.D.) It was frequently interrupted by commercials.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】W: Did you watch the 7 oclock program on Channel 2 yesterday evening? I was about to watch it when someone came to see me.M: Yeah. It reported some major breakthroughs in cancer research. People over 40 would find the program worth watching.Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the TV program? （C）12.A.) The man is fond of traveling.B.) The woman is a photographer.C.) The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.D.) The man admires the womans talent in writing.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】W: I won the first prize in the national writing contest and I got this camera as an award.M: Its a good camera. You can take it when you travel. I had no idea you were a marvelous writer.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? （D）13.A.) The man regrets being absent-minded.B.) The woman saved the man some trouble.C.) The man placed the reading list on a desk.D.) The woman emptied the waste paper basket.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】M: I wish I hadnt thrown away that waiting list.W: I thought you might regret it. Thats why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? （B）14.A.) He quit teaching in June.B.) He has left the army recently.C.) He opened a restaurant near the school.D.) He has taken over his brothers business.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】W: Are you still teaching at the junior high school?M: Not since June. My brother and I opened a restaurant as soon as he got out of the army.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation? （A）15.A.) She seldom reads books from cover to cover.B.) She is interested in reading novels.C.) She read only part of the book.D.) She was eager to know what the book was about.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】M: Hi, Susan. Have you finished reading the book Prof. Johnson recommended?W: Oh, I havent read it through the way Id read a novel. I just read a few chapters which interested me.Q: What does the woman mean? （C）16.A.) She was absent all week owing to sickness.B.) She was seriously injured in a car accident.C.) She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.D.) She had to be away from school to attend to her husband.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】M: Jane missed class again, didnt she? I wonder why.W: Well, I knew she had been absent all week, so I called her this morning to see if she was sick. It turned out that her husband was badly injured in a car accident.Q: What does the woman say about Jane? （D）17.A.) The speakers want to rent the Smiths old house.B.) The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.C.) The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.D.) The Smiths new house is not far from their old one.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】W: Im sure that Smiths new house is somewhere on this street, but I dont know exactly where it is.M: But Im told its two blocks from their old home.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? （D）18.A.) The man had a hard time finding a parking space.B.) The woman found they had got to the wrong spot.C.) The woman was offended by the mans late arrival.D.) The man couldnt find his car in the parking lot.隐藏答案重听题目【原文】W: Ive been waiting here almost half an hour. How come it took it so long?M: Sorry, honey. I had to drive two blocks before I spotted a place to park the car.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? （A）第二讲 多回合对话（长对话）当前讲授其篇幅及题材的特点决定了其设题的特点，即综合了短对话与短文的一些特点。19. A She was a bank manager.B She was a victim of the robbery.C She was a defense lawyer.D She was a witness to the crime.20. A A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.B A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face.C A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.D A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.21. A Identify the suspect from pictures.B Go upstairs to sign some document.C Have her photo taken for their files.D Verify the record of what she had said.长对话题型的考查重点设题主要侧重于以下几个方面：就谈论的话题进行提问就地点人物进行提问就行为方式或目的的原因进行提问就说话人的观点态度及建议进行提问就说话人对事实细节的理解及应用进行提问一、主旨题主旨题考查对长对话大意的把握，一般是对话的第一题或最后一题。常见提问方式为：What are the two speakers talking aboutdiscussing?What is the conversation mainly about?What is the main topic of the conversation?Why does sbcall sb?概括的是解。（抽象概括性词语或包含其他选项。）对话开头结尾寻解。包含首句的重点单词或同义转述为解。注意重复的词语或内容。根据各题选项推测主题。二、细节题长对话的主要题型是细节题，出现频率是最高的，细节题包罗万象，而长对话信息量大又增添了记忆细节的难度，因此，把握细节成了长对话的难点。对于长对话来说，做到有重点地听十分重要。第一，它可以帮助考生建立信心，有准备地听，减少对话“长”带来的压力。第二，长对话对细节的记忆能力要求较高，有重点地听可以减轻对细节进行记忆的压力。为了帮助集中注意力，尽量最准确地获得细节信息，避免听懂了没记住的可能，考生应该在听的过程中做记录。注意问答处，关注回答者。注意与主题相关的细节。三、推断题推断题考查考生在听懂对话内容的基础上，根据对话的内含、关键词、上下文、语气等，利用逻辑推理、判断、归纳去领会说话人的真实含义的能力。常见提问方式为：What does the man meansuggest?What does the woman imply?What can be inferredconcluded from the conversation?What do we learn from the conversation?o听到的往往不是解。o注意表示逻辑关系的词或短语。解题对策通过几个题目选项，注意相同或相关词语的重复出现，预先确定对话内容及发展方向。出题顺序与对话发展基本一致，依次预测方向。长对话开头结尾句很可能是主题句，所以务必要留意。如对话采用问答式地访问或交谈形式，注意关注回答者的表述。（有问必有答）科普性质，行动计划，活动安排类对话，一定注意谈话中的条件限制。个别生词听不懂没关系，掌握大局才是关键。出题处常见：中间问答处；结尾处；开头处；对话中逻辑关系处；对话中比较处；时间数字处；信息集中处出题。真题练习Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.B) The hotel clerk insisted that he didnt make any reservation.C) The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.D) The hotel clerk couldnt find his reservation for that night.20. A) A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.B) There was a conference going on in the city.C) The hotel was undergoing major repairs.D) It was a busy season for holiday-makers.21. A) It was free of charge on weekends.B) It had a 15% discount on weekdays.C) It was offered to frequent guests only.D) It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.22. A) Demand compensation from the hotel.B) Ask for an additional discount.C) Complain to the hotel manager.D) Find a cheaper room in another hotel.隐藏答案重听题目【答案】19. What is the mans problem? （D）20. Why did the hotel clerk say they didnt have any rooms for that night? （B）21. What did the clerk say about the breakfast in the hotel? （A）22. What did the man imply he would do at the end of the conversation? （C）【原文】-Hello, I have a reservation for tonight.-Your name, please?-Nelson, Charles Nelson.-Ok, Mr. Nelson, thats a room for 5 and -Excuse me? You mean a room for 5 pounds? I didnt know the special was so good.-No, no, no, according to our records, a room for 5 guests was booked under your name.-No, no, hold on. You must have two guests under the name.-OK, let me check this again. Oh, here we are.-Yes?-Charles Nelson, a room for one for the nineteen-Wait, wait, it was for tonight, not tomorrow night.-Ehm, hmm, I dont think we have any rooms for tonight. There is a conference going on in town and, er, lets see, yeah, no rooms.-Oh, come on, you must have something, anything!-Well, let, let me check my computer here. Ah!-What?-There has been a cancelation for this evening. A honeymoon suite is now available.-Great, Ill take it.-But Ill have to charge you a hundred and fifty pounds for the night.-What? I should get a discount for the inconvenience!-Well, the best I can give you is a 10% discount, plus a ticket for a free continental breakfast.-Hey, isnt the breakfast free anyway?-Well, only on weekends.-I want to talk to the manager.-Wait, wait, wait, Mr. Nelson, I think I can give you an additional 15% discount!Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) An employee in the city council at Birmingham.B) Assistant Director of the Admissions Office.C) Head of the Overseas Students Office.D) Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.24. A) Nearly fifty percent are foreigners.B) About fif