步步高辅导中心英语辅导资料.docVIP

步步高辅导中心英语辅导资料Unit 2 English around the world Grammar一、教学内容必修1：Unit 2 English around the world Grammar祈使句的直接引语变间接引语二单词secondly第二.其次 swap交换 item 项目.条款 subway 美地铁 elevator n 电梯；升降机 petrol 英汽油（ = 美 gasoline ) gas汽油气体煤气；毒气。 official adj 官方的正式的.公务的 voyage n 航行航海 conquer 征服.占领 because of 因为 native 本国的；本地的 n 本地人本国人 come up 走近，上来提出 apartment美公寓住宅单元住宅 actually实际上，事实上 base根据 n 基部；基地，墓础 at present 现在；目前 gradual 逐渐的.逐步的 enrich 使富裕；充实，改善 vocabulary 词汇.词汇量.词表 make use of 利用 使用 spelling拼写.拼法 latter 较后的后平的；（两者中）后者的 . identity 本身.本体 fluent 流利的.流畅的 frequent adj 频繁的常见的 usage 使用.用法.词语惯用法 command命令；指令；把握 request哀求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 词语；表示表达 midwestern 中西部的.有中西部特性的 African adj 非洲的：非洲人的；非洲语言的 play a part ( in ）扮演个角色：参与 lightning 闪电 straight 街区 cab出租车 三、知识精讲（一）观察下列句子，试着总结、思考祈使句的直接引语变间接引语的规律。1. “Make sure the door is shut,” she said to her little son.She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.2. “Dont smoke in the room,” he said to me.He told me not to smoke in the room.3. Mrs. Hill said, “ please sing at our party, Mary.”Mrs. Hill asked Mary to sing at their party.4. He said to the girl, “Do it at once.”He told the girl to do it at once.总结：祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语的规律1. 一改：主句谓语动词 直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词said/said to常改成ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。2. 二变：呼语变宾语3. 三加：动词前加to4. 四去：please（二）祈使句变为间接引语后，就成了以不定式短语形式出现的宾语补足语，其结构通常为：ask/ advise/ tell/warn/order/ request sb. (not ) to do sth.例：He said，“Be seated, please. ” He asked us to be seated.She said to me, “Dont smoke in the classroom.”She told me not to smoke in the classroom.即学即用：Mary asked me _ to answer that letter.A. dont forget B. not forget C. not to forget D.not forgetting 注意：1. 有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述。例：He said, “Lets have a rest. ” He suggested our having a rest. He suggested we have a rest.He said, “Let me help you. ” He offered to help me.2. 直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，语序不变；也可用that引导，语序变为宾语从句语序。例：She said, “What a lovely day it is!” She said what a lovely day it was. She said that it was a lovely day. （三）我们总结回顾一下直接引语变间接引语各种句型的转换。1. 陈述句 SV that 从句 2. 一般疑问句或选择疑问句SV if/ whether从句3. 特殊疑问句SV wh 从句4. 祈使句SV/ ordered/told/ askedsb.(not) to do5. 感叹句SV how/what /that从句（四）直接引语变间接引语高考热点： 宾语从句宾语从句三要素，引导词、语序、时态。1. 引导词分为三种情况，陈述句中的that可省略，一般问句要用if或whether，碰到特殊疑问句时，疑问词用来担此任。例：He said that Lesson 82 was important and that he should learn it well. 他说第82课重要，他应学好它。 注意：第一个that可以省，第二个that不能省。2. 语序总体为陈述语序，疑问词引导的从句作主语，语序不必去改变。例：He was not satisfied with what I said. 他对我说的话不满意。He asked me what was the trouble with my car.他问我我的车出什么故障了。3. 从句时态主句定，如果主句为过去，从句相应作改变，客观真理仍现在。例：He said he would come if he had time. 他说有时间他会来。 The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below zero.老师告诉学生水在零度以下会结成冰。即学即用：1. He asked _ for the violin.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. The driver said that he _ pick _ a passenger at west street.A. ill, upB. would, up C. will, out D. would, out3. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise【典型例题】1. Do you know if _back next week ? If he _ back , please let me know .A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come 2. The manager came to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what was the wrong D. the matter was what3. Did you say_?A. that what he said was true B. that it was true that he saidC. what did he say was trueD. what he said it was true4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not?A. if B. where C. whether D. that 5. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 本单元重点单词、短语、句型补充（一）重点单词1. actually adv.实际上,事实上 actual adj.真实的,实在的,实际的例：Actually, I am busy at the moment, can I phone you back?说实在的,我现在正忙着，我给你回电话行吗?The actual cost was much higher than we had expected.实际成本比我们预料的高得多。知识拓展：actually = in fact = as a matter of fact即学即用：He spoke about the country as if he had been there, but he had never.A. fairly B. always C. actually D. only2. gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的例：Things gradually improved.情况已逐渐改善。There is a gradual increase in the number of people who have private cars.拥有私家车的人的数量正在逐渐增加。知识拓展：gradually = step by step = little by little（二）重点短语India has a very large number of fluent English speakers印度有众多讲英语很流利的人The number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.在中国学习英语的人的数量正迅速增加。 a number of 许多，大量 后接复数名词，此短语加复数名词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数。A number of teachers are on leave.大批的老师在休假。注意：a number of短语中，number常用great/ large/ small 来修饰，表示数量的多少。常构成的短语有：a great/ large number of 许多，大量 a small number of 少量the number of “的数目”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。The number of undergraduates has increased over the years.大学生的数量正逐年增加。即学即用：The number of people invited _ sixty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. was; was B. was; were C. were; were D. were; was（三）重点句型1. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.believe it or not 信不信由你例：Believe it or not，we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你，我们冒雨一直等了两个小时。no such thing = not such a thing 例：There is no such person as you describe here.这里没有你说的这样的人。即学即用：Its so nice to hear from her. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or notAs I know, there is _ car in this place.A. no such B. no a C. nor such D. no such a 2. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.however adv. 然而，不过； 无论如何，不管多么例：Certainly he apologized to me. However, I wont forgive him.当然他向我道歉了。不过，我不会原谅他的。注意：however 作“无论如何，不管多么”讲时，引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how句式：however + adj./adv./+ 主语+谓语。例：He will never succeed however hard he tries.= He will never succeed no matter how hard he tries.无论他怎样努力都不会获得成功。辨析：however与but 表转折however 可置于句中、句首或句末，且多用逗号与其他句子成分隔开。He likes singing English songs. He cant sing well, however.他喜欢唱英文歌，不过唱得不好。She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.她病了，然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精神工作。but“但是，然而”，是对等连接词，即连接几个并列成分，转折意味较强,通常位于句中，且中间无逗号与其他句子成分隔开。例：Id love to go to the theater tonight, but I am too busy.我倒是很想今晚去看戏的， 不过我太忙了。即学即用： He agreed with me. Later, _, he changed his mind.A. but B. however C. though D. while You should try to get a good nights sleep much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever in the way people speak.people speak是way的定语从句。当先行词是way（表方法，方式）且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，可用that, in which 或不用关系词来引导定语从句。例：You can see the way his mind works when you read his books.看他写的书就能了解他的思想方法。即学即用：I dont like the way _ you s