用数学方法解析非谓语动词的时态和语态.doc

用数学方法解析非谓语动词的时态和语态参赛者：高晓聪 非谓语动词在高考中占有重要的位置，而非谓语动词的时态和语态却使学生难以掌握，在教学实践中，我试着用平面直角坐标系的x舳和y舳分别表示非谓语动词的语态和时态，那么坐标系中的点就可以清楚地表示出此题该用非谓语动词的什么时态什么语态。我们在具体的练习中来应用和理解这个方法。Practice1._ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. (2005 浙江卷) A . To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out2.I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.(2005湖南)A. follows B. followed C.to follow D. being followed3. Little Jim should love to _ (take) to the theatre this evening.4.When his mother came in, the little boy just pretended to _(work) hard.5.I dont like you _ ( always , come ) late for school.6. Robert is said to (study) abroad, but I dont know which county he studies in.7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _(invent) the first computer.8. The book is said _ (publish).9.Thirteen people were reported _ (kill) in the coal mine accident.10.WangHua is said _(design) a new computer programme recently, but I dont know when she will finish it.11. _ (read) a play, you should pay attention to the plots of the play.12. The storm left, _ a lot of damages to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to caused D. having caused (2005全国卷)13. _ form other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005 湖北卷) A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 14. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _ . A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 15. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.（2005北京卷） A. Have B. To have had C. Having had D. Having 16. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. (2005北京卷） A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave 17. Tony was very unhappy for _(not invite) to the party. 18. A: I must apologize for _ ahead of time. B: Thats all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know一般式的被动式to be done两者几乎同时发生或发生在主句的动作之后。两者同时发生动不定所表动作发生在主句所表动作之前。动不定所表动作持续到主句所表动作之时，还有可能继续动不定所表动作与主句的谓动所表动作发生的先后关系一般式的主动式to do动不定的正在进行时态to be doing动不定完成式的主动式 动不定完成式的被动 to have been done动不定的完成进行式 to have been doing 主谓关系动宾关系 动词不定式的逻辑主语与动不定之间的关系主谓关系动宾关系v-ing与其逻辑主语之间的关系一般式的主动式doing一般式的被动式being done 完成式的主动式 having done完成式的被动式 having been doneV-ing所表的动作发生在主句谓动所表动作同时发生或泛指v-ing所表示的动作发生在主句所表动作之前v-ing 所表式的动作与主句所谓动表示的动作发生的先后关系Analysis of the keys:1.动不定作目的状语，其逻辑S.与句子的S.一致；且动不定与其逻辑S.的关系为主谓关系，故用动不定一般式的主动式 ，选A.2.独立主格结构作状语，“剩下的钱一年后随后送到”，表将要发生的动作，故用不定式；且Inf.的逻辑S.(the rest)与其之间的关系为主谓关系，故选C.3. “should love to do sth” 想做某事。动不定的逻辑S.同句子的S.一致，两者之间的关系为动宾关系，故填动不定一般式的被动式to be taken.4. “pretend to do sth”,假装做某事。动不定的逻辑S.同句子的S.一样，且动不定所表示的动作与句子谓动所的动作几乎同时发生，故用动不定的进行式to be working hard.5. “like sb to do sth”想让某人做某事。动不定的进行式与always连用，含有责备，赞扬等语气。6. 从“but I dont know which country he studies in.”可知，动不定所表示的动作发生在句子谓动所表示的动作之前，且动不定的逻辑S.与其之间的关系为主谓关系。故填动不定完成式的主动式to have studied.7.分析同第6题，应填to have invented.8. “Sth/Sb is said to do sth”, 据说。动不定的逻辑S.为 the book, 两者之间的关系为动宾关系；且动不定所表示的动作发生在句子谓动所表示的动作之前，故应填动不定完成式的被动式 to have been published.9.分析同第8题，应填 to have been killed.10.从“but I dont know when she will finish it.”可知，王华设计一个新的电脑程序这个动作发生在过去，持续到现在，还将继续下去，故应填动不定的完成进行式to have been designing.11.v-ing 短语作状语，其逻辑S.与句子的S.一致，故为you,且分词与其逻辑S.之间的关系为主谓关系，分词所表示的动作与句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词一般式的主动式Reading.12.除动不定“just to do /never to do”表示“意想不到的结果”外，动不动一般不作结果状语，故排除B和C.现在分词的逻辑S.为the storm,且两者之间的关系为主谓关系，且现在分词所表示动作发生在句子谓动所表示的动作之前，故用现在分词完成式的主动式，选D.13.现在分词做原因状语。Separatefrom,与分离，其逻辑主语为Australia,两者之间为动宾关系；且分词所表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词之前，故用现在分词完成式的被动式，选C.14.考查with 的复合结构，noise与go on之间的关系为主谓关系，故选A.15.动名词短语做主语，表泛指，故选D.16.考察remember doing sth 和 remember to do sth 的区别，remember doing sth, 记得做过某事；remember to d