反意疑问句讲解修改版.doc

反意疑问句反意疑问句反义疑问句的形式：反意疑问句是附加在陈述句之后,对所陈述内容提出质疑或通过反问以强化陈述内容的一种疑问句。一、总体原则：如果陈述部分是肯定的,附加部分用否定形式,如果陈述部分是否定的,附加部分用肯定形式。附加部分的助动词和代词应与陈述部分一致。That is a nice coat, isnt it? Most of the news wont be true, will it?二、特殊情况小结：1.在由“祈使句+疑问部分”构成的反意疑问句中，疑问部分通常用will you或wont you，助动词也可以用can / cant / could / would。Pass me the dictionary, will you?把词典递给我好吗？Dont do that again, will you?别再做那件事好吗？Take a seat, wont you?说明：在含有let, Lets或Let us开头的祈使句后的反意疑问部分，1） let的宾语us包括听者（常写成lets）时用shall we；Lets go for a walk , shall we?Lets have a seat, shall we?2） let的宾语us不包括听者（常写成let us）时用will you。Let us do it by ourselves, will you?（也可用would / wont / cant。）3） Let的宾语是me时,要根据意思用will you或may I。Let me know, will you / may I?4） let的宾语是第三人称时用will you。例如：Let him speak first, will you?2.当陈述部分含有must时,要注意must的含义。1） 表示一定要,必须时,反意疑问句附加部分用mustnt或neednt。He must work hard at physics, mustnt he?You must renew the book, neednt you?You must start early tomorrow, neednt / mustnt you?2） 表示推测一定是，必定是时，反意疑问句附加部分有下列情况:A当陈述部分有must be.时,反意疑问句附加部分用be的现在时态。He must be very tired, isnt he?He must be working hard at the office, isnt he?Bmust have +过去分词，表示对过去的推测a. 单纯表示对过去的推测,与现在无关,反意疑问句用过去式。He must have come yesterday, didnt he?It cant have rained last night, did it?比较：He must have been waiting for you, hasnt he? （如有具体时间状语如yesterday, 则用wasnt he）b. 表对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在,反意疑问句用现在完成式。You must have studied English for years, havent you?He must have lived here at least ten years, hasnt he? 注：should / can / could / need / may / might / + have done时，同must have done。3陈述句的主语是不定代词时，anyone和no one等指人，反意疑问句的主语用they或he；如果是nothing, anything, everything指物的不定代词，反意疑问句的主语用it:Nobody knows it, do they / he? （正式文体中常用he）Somebody took my umbrella away yesterday, didnt they / he? Someone had recognized him, hadnt they?Everything is ready, isnt it?（指物用it）Nothing could prevent him from going there, could it?注：1、陈述句的主语是none of them（或复数名词）时，反意疑问句的主语用they:None of them are busy, are they?2、陈述句的主语是none of us和some of you时，反意疑问句的主语分别用we和you:None of us knew the way, did we?Some of you are learning French, arent you?3、陈述句的主语是some of us时，说话人把自己包括在内用we，说话人把自己排斥在外用they:Some of us wanted to stay longer, didnt we?（包括自己在内）On the return journey some of us lost the way, didnt they?（把自已排斥在外）4.当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时，反意疑问部分应与主句的主语和谓语一致。陈述部分是I think, I suppose, I believe时，反意疑问部分应与that从句的主语和谓语一致。但要注意否定转移。He said she would visit Japan, didnt he?I think hell come to help us with our work, wont he?I dont think that he is a nice boy, is he?（比较：I think he is not honest, is he?）I believe you have met each other before, havent you?I suppose they are waiting for us now, arent they? 注意下列几种用法：Its said that he has been abroad, hasnt he?Its the first time he has been here, hasnt he?I was told that he had been chosen as a player, hadnt he?5.在英语口语中，由neithernor, neither of来连接主语时，反意疑问部分的主语用they。Either Tom or he studies polities, dont they?注：Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?6.如果陈述部分是I am，反意疑问部分用arent I。Im late, arent I?7.当陈述部分为感叹句时，反意疑问部分用否定形式，主语仍与感叹句的主语一致。What a fine day today, isnt it?今天天气多么好，是吗？What clever girls (they are), arent they?8.当陈述部分含有wish时，反意疑问部分的助动词用may。I wish to use your dictionary, may I?我想用你的词典，行吗？I wish to go there alone, may I? 你允许吗？9.当陈述部分含有youd better, youd like to时，反意疑问部分分别用hadnt you, wouldnt you。Youd better take his advice, hadnt you?你最好还是听他的建议，好吗？Youd like to go to the party, wouldnt you?你想去聚会，是吗？10.当陈述部分含有have to时，反意疑问部分的助动词应根据have的变化，分别用dont, doesnt, didnt。I have to take this medicine, dont I?我必须吃这药，是吗？11.当陈述部分是there be句型时，反意疑问部分用be there。There is something wrong with the machine, isnt there?机器出了毛病，是吗？There is no time left, is there?没有时间了，是不是？12.当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely, hardly ever, no, never, rarely, few, little, nobody, nowhere等否定动词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定式。 He hardly speaks English, does he?他几乎不会说英语，是吧？She seldom lends her money to others, dose she?她很少把钱借给别人，是吗？Theres little money with him, is there?You have nothing against it, have you?None of food was wasted, was it?13.如果陈述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时，该陈述句部分仍作肯定处理，疑问部分用否定形式。如unfit, important, dislike, unpractical等He dislikes chicken, doesnt he？He was unpractical, wasnt he?14.当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词或词组时，反意疑问部分的主语通常用it。What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?他在会上所说的很重要，对吗？To master a foreign language isnt easy, is it?掌握一门外语不容易，是吗？Swimming in rivers is a good sport, isnt it?在江河里游泳是一项很好的运动，是吗？15.感叹句的反意疑问句附加部分用to be的一般现在时的否定式。e.g. What fine weather, isnt it?How hard she works, isnt she?16.陈述部分含有need, dare的反意疑问句A).当need , dare为普通动词时,反意疑问句附加部分用助动词do的某种形式。You need to go home, don t you?She doesnt dare to go home, does she?B).当need , dare为情态动词时,反意疑问句附加部分用其本身。We needdo it again, neednt we?He dare not say so, dare he?He neednt go, must / need he?17.当陈述部分有used to.时,反意疑问句附加部分用didnt/usednt/used +主语+ notShe used to visit her uncle on holidays, didnt she?She used to visit her uncle on holidays, usednt she?He used to play football when he was young, used he not?18.当陈述部分有ought to时,反意疑问句附加部分用ought或shouldWe ought to start at once, oughtnt we? （物）We ought to start at once, shouldnt we? （人，委婉）Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?Such things ought not to be allowed, should they?19.当陈述部分谓语有would rather或would like to时,反意疑问句附加部分用wouldnt+主语。e.g. He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?Youd like to have some bananas, wouldnt you?20、在些其他情况下也间或不遵循反意疑问句的规律，这时带有讥讽、轻蔑、责备、威吓的口吻：“I wont let you do it!” “You wont, wont you?” “我不让你做这种事！”“你不让，是吗？”So thats your little trick, is it?原来是你耍的一个小花招，是吧？Oh, youve had another accident, have you? 你又出事了，是吗？有时不带这类口吻，指说话人通过推断或回忆作出结论：Your car is outside, is it? 你的车在外边，是吧？So he likes the idea, does he? 那他是赞成这个想法，是吧？So you dont want to go, dont you? 那你是不想去了，对吧？21、回答反意疑问句时，如果答案是肯定的，前面要用yes，否则用no。在陈述句为否定句时要特别注意，这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的：You are not going out today, are you? 你今天不出去，是吧？-No, I am not. 是的，我今天不出去。-Yes, I am. 不，我今天要出去。George wasnt there that day, was he? 乔治那天不在那里，对吧？-No, he wasnt. 对，不在。-Yes, he was. 不，他在那里。一般来说，反意疑问句及其回答中的肯定否定关系可以用下面这个公式表示（+表示肯定，表示否定）：问句中：+，或，+，回答中：+，+或，。“must”表推测的反意疑问句“must”表推测的反意疑问句是高考考点之一，一般资料把它概括为三种情形：对当前状况的推测，对过去情况的推测和对现在完成情况的推测。学生对后两种情况往往难以界定。现介绍一种最简洁并确保万无一失的方