非谓语动词-表格.doc

一非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词 位置 意义和用法 例句 不定式 动词不定式必须放在所修饰词（名或代）后 表示将要发生，应该做的动作，说明动作在谓语动词表示动作之后，具有形容词性质。 I have much work to do.He has no place to live in.有时根据意思的需要加介词，这时介词不能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。 动名词 动名词放在在所修饰的词前 说明所修饰词的性质，具有名词的性质，它同所修饰的名词间不存在什么主谓关系 He looked me with questioning eyes.a living room. 一般形式 分词 现在分词 在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后 说明正在进行的动作，同它所修饰的动作存在着逻辑主谓关系 a sleeping boy, on the following day, developing countries, boiling water, for years running 过去分词 在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后 表示被动的意思，多数不及物动词的过去分词不能用作定语，只有少数表示动作改变的动词表示在谓词动词动作之前完成 a lost child, a fallen leaf, retired workers, faded flowers, developed countries, boiled waterWe have no time left.Fill in the blanks with the words given.短语 不定式 放在所修饰词后 一般表示要做和应该做的动作。 He is the first one to come this morning.I have a lot of housework to do at home.There is a lot of work to do in the company.He didnt have the chance to go to school in the past. 1)一般所修饰词是抽象名词agreement, attempt, claim, decision, decisive, determination, failure, hope, intention, need, plan, promise, refused, resolution, tendency, threat, wish2)说明被修饰词内容的名词campaign, chance, courage, efforts, evidence, fight, news, measures, move, movement, opportunity, position, power, reason, right, skill, strength, struggle, means3)跟不定式作状语的形容词生成转化来的抽象名ability, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness, impatience, reluctance, willingness 分词 放在所修饰词后 现在分词短语有动作进行之意。过去分词短语有被动之意。 The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful.This is the bird shot by the boy.My brother, working in the south will be coming in a few days. 二、非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句 不定式 表示目的，很常用。 He went home to see his mother.He came to ask a question.He got up early in order to (so as to) have time to study. 表示结果，很常用。 She says so well as to bring down the house.Will you be so good as to tell him this?He is not old enough to do this.He is too excited to speak anything. 表示原因， He laughed to see them fall down.He wept to hear the news. 表示选择和比较 She opened her lips as through to speakHe would die rather than give in. 表示条件 To hear him talk, you would think he was tiring. 分词 表示时间，相当于表示时间，相当于状语从句when, while。 He went through the papers while having breakfast.Since leaving school, I met him only once.常用于这些连词后when, before, while, after, since 表示原因，有时同用作时间状语的分词难以分清，相当于原因状语从句because, since, for 和 as。 Being ill, he didnt come.Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it. 表示条件，相当于条件状语从句if。 Given more time, I can finish the work.Well not attack unless attacked.Working hard, youll succeed. 表示让步，相当于让步状语从句 though, although。 Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 表示结果，相当于结果状语从句，这种分词前通常有thus 或thereby。 Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 表示方式或伴随情况，分词短语没有相当的状语从句，汉译时一般译成并列复合句 They shook hands, smiling at each other.The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.He lay on his back, his legs drawn up.He made the boy sit there, promising they would not hurt him. 表示方式 He sat there, as though waiting. 三、非谓语动词作同位语 意义和用法 例句 不定式 不很常用 He has written two articles for the journal, one to be published in this issue, the other to come out in the next. 动名词 不很常用 I saw many people in the room, some talking, some listening.His chief hobby, sailing a boat, cost him most of his salary. 成分 非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句 直接宾语 不定式 不定式的逻辑主语一般同谓语动词的主语一致I want to read a novel. 用于该形式的常见的动词有：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish. 有时宾语省略不定式符号(常见的有：let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, d better, d rather, d soon, He made believe he was correct.动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则可以用先行语it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式（短语）后移作直接宾语He found it necessary to work hard at English.用于该形式的常见的动词有：acknowledge, believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take(think), understand, think.动名词 动名词的逻辑主语有时同谓语动词的主语不一致Do you mind my smoking? 动名词（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语则可以用先行词it作形式宾语，而将动名词短语后移作直接宾语We found it troublesome solving this problem. We consider it worthwhile spending some time on this.有一类动词后面必须跟动名词We enjoyed staying there. 常见的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss, resist.有一类动词后面可跟动名词也可以跟不定式1) 意义区别不大。He began learning (to learn) English at the age of five.常见的动词有：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, commence, attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear.2)意义有区别a) remember doing sth 记住做过某事。remember to do sth记住要做某事。b)forget doing sth忘记做过某事。forget to do sth 记住要做某事。c)regret doing sth遗憾做过某事。regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事。d)try doing sth试着做某事。try to do sth 努力做某事。e)mean doing sth意旨做某事。mean to do sth 打算做某事。f)stop doing sth 停止做某事。stop to do sth停下来做某事。g)cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事。cant help to do sth不能帮做某事。h)go on doing sth