宾语从句、状语从句.docVIP

2010中考英语复习：直接引语变间接引语，宾语从句和状语从句一、直接引语变间接引语1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。1). 一随主指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时, 变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.She said I like playing basketball.She said that _ _ playing basketball .2). 二随宾指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时, 变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.She asked Tom Can I have a look at your picture.She asked Tom if _ could have a look at _ picture .3). 第三人称不更新指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时, 变间接宾语时人称保持不变.She said to me They want to help me.She told me that _ _ to help me .2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthatthose时间状语nowthentodaythat daythis morningthat morning three days agothree days beforeLast week the week beforetomorrowthe next /following daynext yearthe next year地点状语herethere动词comego二. 宾语从句的考查复合句中整个句子是一个动词或一个介词的宾语，这样的句子就叫做宾语从句。需要注意三点：语序、引导词、时态1.宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 主语+谓语+Do you know when _?A. does the next train leave B. the next train leaves C. will the next train leave D. the next train will leave 注：若疑问句词在从句中做主语，语序不变：1).who在从句中作主语。Can you tell me _?(谁将来这儿)2).whats wrong / the matter ?He asked what was the matter with me .3).what happened I dont know what happened yesterday .4).which is the way to .?Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?2.宾语从句的引导词1).若宾语从句是陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。She said Im glad to see you = She said _ _ _ glad to see me .2).宾语从句是一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether .He asked me Are you going to Wuhan ? = He asked me _ _ _ going to Wuhan.Im thinking about _ to go there .A. if B. whether C .that 3).宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。Do you know _? Im not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do 4).若宾语从句是肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb. not to sth.Dont open the door The teacher said . = The teacher told me _ _ _ the door .3.宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。Can you tell me _? He is a doctor .A. what is he B. what he was C. what he is D. what was he 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。He asked _.A. what time it is B. what time is it C. what time it was D. what time was it He told me that he _ for the sports meet.A. is preparing B. was preparing C. will prepare D. has prepared 注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。Our teacher said that January_(be) the first month of the year.Our teacher said that the earth _(go) around the sun. 2).若主句为could you .?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。Could you tell me _?A. what he was doing B. what was he doing C. what he is doing D. what is he doing 4.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。ifWhenif/when从句的时态条件/时间状语从句如果、假如当的时候一般现在时宾语从句是否什么时候一般将来时Can you guess if they_ to play football with us ? I think they will come if they _free.A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be Can you tell me when he_ here tomorrow ? When he _ here , please call me .A. comes , comes B. will come , will come C. will come ,comes D. comes, will come 5.宾语从句的简化1) hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth.I heard that they were singing in the next room.=I heard _ _ in the next room .We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree .We found _ _ with the cat under the tree.2)宾语从句是陈述句时，主句谓语动词hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为动词+ to do sth.I hope I can meet you again .I hope _ _ you again . She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed_ _me with my maths.3)宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为疑问词+ to do sth.I dont know what I should do next .I dont know _ _ _ next .Could you tell me how I can get there ?Could you tell me _ _ _ there ?John didnt decide which shirt he would buy .John didnt decide _ _ _ _ .宾语从句歌诀 宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。 展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。 主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。 陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。 特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。 三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。 留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。 歌诀解码 一、三姊妹 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如： We knew （that）we should learn from each other. 2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如： Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. 3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 二、三关 1. 引导词关 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序关 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left. 3. 时态关 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相应的过去的时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用 1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number. 2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk？I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？ 四、两副面孔 if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如： If it rains tomorrow，I wont come. （时间状语从句） I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） 宾语从句专项练习 一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound. 3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days. 4Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French. 5Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games. 6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet. 7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture? 8Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car? 9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about. 10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12. Whats his name? I asked him.I asked him what _ _ _. 13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _. 14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken. 15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai. 二、选择填空。 ( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring ( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry ( ) 3. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 4. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in ( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left ( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen ( )8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got ( )9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter ( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen ( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it ( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking ( )13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which ( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought ( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another ( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone ( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains ( )18. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives ( )19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what ( )20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held ( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if ( )22. You must remember _. A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said ( )23. I don”t know _ . A. which room I can live B. which room can I live C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come ( )25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are ( )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( )29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( )30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 三、用合适的连接词填空。 1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom） 3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if） 4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who） 5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon） 6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether) 7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what) 9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why) 10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what) 四、句型转换。 1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.(同义句) Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it. 2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea. 3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy. 4. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital. 5. I dont suppose they will come, _ _ ? (改为反意疑问句) 五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow. 2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon? 3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)? 4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer. 5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work). 7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already. 8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain. 9. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him. 10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait. 参考答案： 一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was 二、15: DDDBB 610:ACDBC 1115:CCBAD 1620:BCDAC 2125:DACCA 2630:DCCBA 三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what 四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.dont think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they 五、1. will go 2.was 3. is 4. would 5. swam 6.works 7. had finished 8.hike 9. helped 10. to go三状语从句（一）引导词的选择：1.时间状语从句1).由when 、 while、as（当时候）引导的时间状语从句。When jack got home , his mother was cooking .2).由after/ before (在.之后/ 前)引导的时间状语从句。The football match played after school was over .3).由as soon as (一.就)引导的时间状语从句。Ill ring you as soon as I reach Beijing .4).由not.until（直到.才.）引导的时间状语从句。They didnt stop until they finished the work .2. 原因状语从句 由because 、since 、as（因为、既然、由于）引导的原因状语从句。Since you have known about that , please tell us what to do .3.地点状语从句 由wherever（无论在哪儿） 引导的地点状语从句。Wherever he goes , he always b