大英四级翻译部分语法考点汇总.docVIP

状语从句主要考点1时间状语从句:When, while, as after before since till （until） notuntil directly immediately instantly the moment the instant the minuteas soon as no sooner than hardly when Directly I heard the news(我刚一听到消息), I ran to the spot.Since she married me, we have been happy.(我们一直很幸福)Be careful when /while you are crossing the street.（过马路时）We did not know global warming (我们才知道全球变暖) until we watched Discovery.06年12月考题：Some psychologists claim that people might feel lonely when they are away from home.(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)2. 地点状语从句:where wherever He lives where the climate is mild.（气候宜人的地方）3. 原因状语从句:because since as now (that) seeing (that) in that considering (that) He was late because he missed the bus.（因为没赶上车）Since /As you wont help me,（既然你帮不上忙） Ill ask someone else.Considering (that) he was new at the job,（他是新手） he did it quite well.4. 结果状语从句:so that sothat suchthat soHe worked so hard that he sometimes forgets his meal.（忘了吃饭）He got up early this morning so that he caught the first bus.(结果赶上了第一班车)5. 目的状语从句:in order that so that for fear (that) in case lest （以免） I am saving money in order that /so that I can buy a house.（为了买房子）He doesnt dare to leave the house in case he should be recognized(以免被人认出)6. 条件状语从句:if unless as/so long as provided that on condition that suppose that supposing that in case（万一） Suppose/Supposing (that) all the doors are locked（万一门都锁了）, how will you get into the house?In case I forget, please remind me about it.（请提醒我）07年6月考题：Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if it is convenient to you.(如果你方便的话)7. 让步状语从句although though even if even though whilewhatever whoever wherever whenever however no matter who/what/where/when/howAlthough/Though he was Spanish, he spent most of his life in Germany.(他大部分时间都在德国)Whatever/No matter what happens（无论发生什么事）, you must be clam and quiet.Whichever/No matter which plan you adopt, you will encounter difficulties.（都会遇到困难）No matter how loudly you shout（不管你喊的多大声）, you wont be heard.07年12月考题：I am going to pursue this course , no matter what sacrifice I am going to make.(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲)08年6月考题：Leaving ones job, no matter what job is（不管是什么工作）, is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 8. 方式状语从句: 见虚拟语气as if as though9. 比较状语从句: asas than the morethe moreThe more you use your brain, the more intelligent you will become.(越聪明)06年6月考题：The more you explain, the more confused I am. (我愈糊涂)定语从句主要考点：限定性定语从句连接词：who, whom, which, that, when, where, why,非限定性定语从句连接词：who, whom, which, when, where, as限制性定语从句：1. Where: 先行词除了是表示地点的名词以外，还可以表达事物的某个方面，阶段，情况，如field, stage, situation, scene，在从句中做状语If a shop has chairs where woman can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.Today, well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly (英语的初学者不会正确地使用这门语言)07年6月考题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field where we can cooperate.(我们可以合作的领域)2. Why:先行词指原因This is the reason why I failed the exam.非限制性定语从句1.who, whomI sit between Mrs. Bradly and a shy girl, who seemed even younger than the other.(这个女孩看上去比其他人都年轻)I have four children, two of whom have decent jobs (其中两个人工作都很体面)2. Which: 先行词可以是物，在从句中做主语或者宾语I have many books, some of which are English books（其中有一些是英语书）.引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以指代前面的整个句子He came here, which made me happy(这使我很高兴).3. as “正如，好像”引导定语从句时，先行词指代前面出现的一句话，它在从句中做主语，宾语，表语，但通常置于句首As is reported in the newspaper(正如新闻中报告的一样), talks between the two countries are making progress.名词性从句主要考点：名词性从句主要连接词：that, whether, if , 特殊疑问词，what, whatever, whoever, whichever主语从句：That we are invited to a concert is good news to us. It is good news to us that we are invited to a concert宾语从句：I dont know whether we are invited to a concert.表语从句：The question is why we are invited to a concert.同位语从句：There is good news that we are invited to a concert.07年12月考题：Many Americans live on their credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow(是用他们能够借到多少钱来衡量的)， not how much they can earn .重点辨析名词性从句和状语从句的区别：What= whatever= anything that whoever= anyone who whichever= anything that 引导名词性从句What = whatever = no matter what Whoever = no matter who 引导状语从句Whichever = no matter whichWhat they need(他们所需要的) is a good nextbook.She will give whoever needs help（任何需要帮助的人） a warm supports.You can write about whichever topic you prefer(无论你喜欢哪个题目). No matter who comes(无论谁来), he will be welcome.07年12月考题：Im going to pursue this course, no matter what sacrifice I am going to make(无论我做出什么样的牺牲)非谓语动词主要考点一般来说，一个句子只有一个最主要的动词作谓语，而其他动词称为不能做谓语的动词，即非谓语非谓语包括：不定式 to do分词：有形容词或副词的作用，其中包括现在分词和过去分词动名词 V ing，有名词作用注：动名词虽然和现在分词的形式一样，但含义不同不定式1. 不定式作主语 To see is to believe.实际上，当不定式作主语时，常用it作形主，将不定式（真主）放到结尾常见句型有：it is +adi/adv + for sb to do sth 做对于某人来说是it is adj/adv +of sb to do sthit is +N+ for+ sb to do stheg It is very important for us to have a good knowledge of English（掌握英语）.It is very kind of you to do so.It is a mistake for us to know you.当Adj修饰的是“做某事”的时候，用for，此类形容词有： possible, impossible, important, vital, significant, necessary, essential, convenient,difficult, hard, easy, useless cruel, stupid, foolish 当Adj修饰的是”人”的时候，用of,此类形容词有：nice, kind, wise, good, polite, right, clever, bad wrong cruel, stupid, foolish, impolite ,polite2. 不定式做定语通常做后置定语，即放在被修饰名词或代词后,表示想要做什么事，即表示将来The train to arrive is coming from NewYork.I have nothing to say.I need a chair to sit on.He is the best man to do this job.This is a difficult task to complete.3. 不定式做状语，表示目的或者结果06年6月考题：To earn money for my schooling/ to finance my schooling (为了挣钱供我上学)， mum often takes on more work than is good for her.4. 不定式做宾语（固定搭配）可以接不定式做宾语的动词通常表示意愿，企图want, like, hope, wish, desire, intend, expect, plan, decide, try, manageeg I plan to go aboard.S+V+it+Adj/N+to do此类动词一般表示主观判断：find, think, believe, consider, make, takeeg I think it easy to study English.I believe it necessary to finish the homework.We found it difficult to get up early.分词：doing being donehaving done having been done done1. 分词做状语相当于一个状语从句能做状语的分词：从句的动作与主句同时发生eg: When I was walking down the street , I saw a friend.Walking down the street, I saw a friend.从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前eg: After I had finished my homework, I went to the carnival. Having finished my homework, I went to the carnival.从句是被动语态时，用过去分词做状语eg: when the village was seen from the mountain , it looked nice. seen from the mountain, it looked nice.08年6月考题：Compare with the place where I was brought up(和我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.2. 做定语：前后置都行doing: 表进行，表主动 done 表完成，表被动 being done 表示进行中的被动boiling water; actor in a leading roleboiled water; given nameCan you read the letter written in English(用英语写的信)?People working in city（城市里工作的人们） often move to suburban areas for big houses and open space.The house being built is for the teacher.The song being sung is popular among children,3. 做表语：现在分词 Ving 使人感到过去分词 Ved 感到.I am interested in English. The book is interesting.He is very interesting.动名词动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sthadmit 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱prevent阻止fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象 mind 介意miss 想念postpone 推迟 practise 练习 recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗 resume 继续risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续举例：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.b. 词组后接doing admit to prefertobe used to lead todevote oneself to object tostick to be busy in look forward to(to为介词)Its worth of doing its worthy of being done cant help, Its no use /good be tired of be fond of be capable of be afraid of be proud ofthink of / about hold offput off keep on insist on count onset about be successful in be good attake upgive up burst out have difficulty/ trouble in doing sth prevent / keep/ stop/hinder sb from doing sth 倒装的主要考点句首是以下否定意义的词或词组时，主谓部分倒装by no means= in no way=on no account=under no circumstances 决不hardly=barely= scarcely=rarely, 几乎不little, few，seldom很少never 从不By no means do I give up this chance（我放弃这次机会）. 倒装的固定句型1.Not until +时间状语+主谓部分倒装Not until +时间状语从句+主句部分倒装Not until 9:00 p.m. in the morning can we fall asleep.(我们才睡觉)Not until he returned(直到他回来)did we have supper.08年6月考题：Not until he finished his mission(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.2. Only+状语+主谓部分倒装 Only+状语从句+主句部分倒装Only in this way can we learn English well.(我们能把英语学好) Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(我们弄清事实的真相)3. No sooner A than B, hardly A when B,“一.就”A=B=句子,A要部分倒装B不倒装 No sooner had I entered the room (我一进屋) than it rained.4. Not only A but also B, “不但，而且” A=B=句子，A部分倒装，B不倒装Not only does he work fast but he does well.（而且干得好）5. So + adj/ adv.+部分倒装+that+从句So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.6. 让步状语从句的倒装adj /adv / n+ as /though+部分倒装+主句Hard as he worked（虽然他学习努力）, he failed.虚拟语气主要考点 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 一般形式从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+Vedwerewould主语 +should +V原couldmight 与过去事实相反If +主语+had+Vp.p.would主语 should +have+ Vp.p.couldmight与将来事实相反If+主语+ were to doShould+V原Vedwould主语 +should +V原couldmight06年12月考题：The victims would have survived(本有机会活下来) , if he had been taken to hospital in time.2.虚拟语气的错综时间条件句(混合时间)If I had not watched that movie last night, I would not be sleepy now(现在就不会那么困了).3. 虚拟语气的倒装：去掉从句的if,(not不变)，had/were/should提到主语前eg If I had not wanted that movie last night, I would not be sleepy. Had I not wanted that movie last night, I would not b sleepy.4. 含蓄条件句：用but for , but that, without, with ，otherwise, or代替if引出的条件句，表达暗含的条件 Eg: 要不是你的帮助，他当时就淹死了 But for your help, he would have drawn.But that you helped him, he would have drown Without your help, he would have drownEg: 他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。He was having a meeting. Otherwise he would have come over to help us.他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。He felt very tired yesterday， or he would have attended the party.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中1. wish，would rather引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气表示不可能实现的愿望主语+wish/ would rather +(that)+主语+Ved/were 现在的愿望 +had +Vp.p. 过去的愿望 +would/could/might+V原 将来的愿望eg I wish I were you. He wishes he had learned English（他曾学过英语）.I wish I would be young again. I would rather that he came today(他今天会来).2. 虚拟语气用在表“建议，意愿，要求，命令，坚持”的词引导的名词性从句之