直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解.docVIP

直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。John said, Im going to London with my father. 约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语） 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题第一：人称的变化。顺口溜：在直接引语变间接引语时:“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said, My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. What is your sister doing now?He asked Kate what her sister was doing then。 “第三人称不更新”是指如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said,Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 二、如何变时态： 1如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： （1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观事实、真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 He said, Im a boy, not a girl. He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980。 He said to me, I was born in 1973. He told me that he was born in 1973. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. You had better come here today。 Peter said I had better go there that day如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如： He said to me, I have taught English since he came here . He told me that he had taught English since he came here. 三、如何变状语： 指示代词 this -that these- those 表示时间的词 now - then today- that day Tonight-that nightthis week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc) yesterday -the day before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before tomorrow -the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here -there 动词 bring - take come -go四、如何变句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said (that) their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? he asked me.He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语仍由原疑问代词或疑问副词引导（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如： Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如： He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. .直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 She said, What a lovely day it is ! She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 习题：1, Our teacher told us,The sun rises in the east.2, Lucy said,”Ill graduate from here next year.”3, Peter asked,”What are you doing this evening,Mary?”4, Bob shouted,”Stop making so much noise,children.” 5, Beth said to me,”What a good time we are having now!”6, Nancy told me ,”I have lived in this city for five years.”7,”There will be a good report next Monday,wont there?”asked Milly.8,T