BEC高级第1讲Workroles.doc

Vocabularystudy-researchI. Course Orientation1. 本课程采用经济科学出版社出版的新编剑桥商务英语（高级）学生用书（第二版）。DescribingworkrolesII. Vocabulary Study名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。-不可数名词：中国学生常用又常会出错的是information, advice, furniture, equipment以及rmationuncountable 信息I need more information.我需要更多的信息。The book contains information about a wide variety of subjects. 这本书中囊括的话题范围广泛。For further information, call the number below. 如果需要更多信息，请打下面的电话联系。Ive one or two useful pieces of information to pass on to you. 我有两三条有用的信息要传达给你。advice noun uncountable 建议Theres lots of advice in the book on baby care. 这本书中有许多关于育婴的建议。I followed my fathers advice and sold the car. 我听从我父亲的建议，把车卖了。Take my advice and study something practical. 听我的建议，学些有实际应用的知识吧。a piece/word of advice Let me give you a piece of advice. Wear a blue or grey suit to the interview. 让我给你提条建议吧。去面试时穿件蓝色或灰色的西服。furniture noun uncountable 家具I helped him choose the furniture for his house. 我帮助他挑选房子的家具。I cant think of a single piece of furniture in my house that I bought new. 我认为我家里买的任何一件家具都不是新的。office furniture 办公室家具be furnished （房屋）配备有家电的be well furnished 家电齐全的be partially furnished 配备有部分家电的equipment noun uncountable the tools, machines, clothes etc that you need to do a particular job or activity 工具，机器，衣服a shop selling camping equipment 一家出售宿营用品的商店piece/bit of equipment a very useful piece of equipment 一件非常有用的设备feedback noun uncountable1 advice, criticism etc about how successful or useful something is 反馈意见How can I provide feedback without making someone angry? 我怎样做才能在不激怒别人的情况下提出自己的反馈意见呢？feedback onTry to give each student some feedback on the task. 针对这项作业，尽量给每位学生提出反馈意见。很多中国学生都对可数名词没有意识。下面请大家试着翻译以下句子，重点注意句中的可数名词。1电脑改变了我们的生活2我喜爱集邮。3大城市的孩子4警方不愿介入调解夫妇之间的争执。提示答案1. Computers (A computer/ The computer ) have/ has changed our lives.就是不能说：Computer changed our life. (´)2. I am fond of (I am keen on) collecting stamps.3. children in large cities4. The police dont usually like to intervene in disputes between husbands and wives.单词学习research noun uncountablealso plural researches formal1 serious study of a subject, in order to discover new facts or test new ideasresearch into/onresearch into the causes of cancerscientific/medical/historical etc research a research team do/conduct/undertake research Im still doing research for my thesis.Gould was helped in his researches by local naturalists.2 the activity of finding information about something that you are interested in or need to know aboutIts a good idea to do some research before you buy a house.market research noun uncountablea business activity which involves collecting information about what goods people buy and why they buy themThey had to conduct market research, then advertise the product.u 练习：请翻译研究结果显示Research shows (reveals, indicates) that .Report writingIII. Describing work roles Speaking.Can you talk about your position, responsibilities and your duties with your study partner or on your own, providing you are working now? position JOB countable formal a job 正式用语：工作 somebodys position as something Bill took up his new position as Works Director in October. position of She has held the position of Chief Financial Officer since 1992.Bruce is thinking of applying for the position. Im sorry, the position has been filled (=someone has been found to do the job). responsibility noun plural responsibilities 1 uncountable a duty to be in charge of someone or something, so that you make decisions and can be blamed if something bad happens Kellys promotion means more money and more responsibility. responsibility for (doing) something The Minister will have responsibility for coordinating childcare policy. with responsibility for something a manager with responsibility for over 100 staff it is somebodys responsibility to do something Its your responsibility to inform us of any changes. The Health Minister has overall responsibility for Britains hospitals.take responsibility for (doing) something (=agree to be in charge of something or someone)2 uncountable blame for something bad that has happened responsibility for The management accepts no responsibility for cars left in the car park. The Chairman of the airline accepted full responsibility for the accident. claim responsibility (for something) (=say you are responsible)No one has yet claimed responsibility for yesterdays bombing. 3 countable something that you must do as part of your job or duty 必须做的工作 My responsibilities include answering the phone and dealing with customer enquiries. family/professional/parental etc responsibilitiesa single parent struggling to balance work and family responsibilities 4 countable something that you ought to do because it is morally or socially right synonym duty责任，义务 a responsibility to do something We all have a responsibility to protect the environment. Parents need to encourage a sense of responsibility in their children (=the ability to behave sensibly in a way that will not harm themselves or other people).责任感moral/social/legal etc responsibilityThe company saw it as part of its social responsibility to provide education for its workers. duty noun plural duties SOMETHING YOU MUST DO uncountable and countable something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right 责任，义务 synonym obligation We feel it is our duty to help her. Local authorities have a duty to keep the streets clean. You have a duty to your husband and to your children. She has a strong sense of moral duty. The unions have failed in their duty to female workers. In the traditional Hindu family, the son is duty-bound to look after his mother. WORK countable usually plural, uncountablesomething you have to do as part of your job不得不做的工作 duties Martins duties included cleaning the cars.She works for her father doing part-time secretarial duties. He will soon be fit enough to carry out his duties (=do his job).He can only do light duties.A teacher may be fired for neglect of duty (=failing to do their job properly). 渎职 3 be on/off duty to be working or not working at a particular time, especially when you are doing a job which people take turns to do, so that someone is always doing it Hes on night duty next week.What time do you go off duty (=finish work)? TAX uncountable and countable a tax you pay on something you buy 商品税 duty on the duty on cigarettes 香烟税 customs duty (=tax paid on goods coming into the country) 关税 Reading. What is Workset? brochure noun countable a thin book giving information or advertising something a holiday brochure response noun 1 uncountable and countable something that is done as a reaction to something that has happened or been said response to the publics response to our appeal for help 公众对我们呼吁帮助的回应 in response to something The law was passed in response to public pressure. 为了应对公众的压力，该法律不得不被批准通过。 positive/favourable/negative etc responseThe exhibition has received a positive response from visitors. 参观者对该展览的反应积极。 an emotional/angry responseThe decision provoked an angry response from residents.该决定引起居民们的愤怒反应。 Emmetts new exhibition has met with a favourable response from critics. 2 countable something that is said or written as a reply 答复 response to Sure, why not? was his response to all of Billies suggestions. Carl made no response, and carried on with his meal. in response (to something) I am writing in response to your letter of June 12. adopt verb CHILD intransitive and transitive to take someone elses child into your home and legally become its parent Sally was adopted when she was four.The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to adopt. 2 adopt an approach/policy/attitude etc transitiveto start to deal with or think about something in a particular way The courts were asked to adopt a more flexible approach to young offenders. 人们要求法庭采取更加灵活的方式对待年轻罪犯。 The store recently adopted a drug testing policy for all new employees. 该商店对所有新员工采取毒品检查制度。 California has adopted a tough stance on the issue. 加利福尼亚对该问题采取严厉的立场。 LAW/RULE transitive to formally approve a proposal, amendment etc, especially by voting 通过表决批准，通过 Congress finally adopted the law after a two-year debate. 请比较 fosterverb 1 transitive to help a skill, feeling, idea etc develop over a period of time synonym encourage, promote The bishop helped foster the sense of a community embracing all classes. 2 intransitive and transitive to take someone elses child into your family for a period of time but without becoming their legal parent The couple wanted to adopt a black child they had been fostering. specify verbtransitive to state something in an exact and detailed way明确指出 past tense and past participle specified present participle specifying third person singular specifies Payments will be made for a specified number of months.specify who/what/how etc Regulations specify how long maintenance crews can work.specify that The rules clearly specify that competitors must not accept payment.allocate verb transitive to use something for a particular purpose, give something to a particular person etc, especially after an official decision has been made 分配 allocate something to somebody/something the importance of allocating resources to local communities 将资源分配给地方社区的重要性 You should allocate the same amount of time to each question.你应该给每一道题分配相同的时间。 allocate something for something One million dollars was allocated for disaster relief. 政府拨出100万美元用来救援受灾地区。 job description noun countable an official list of the work and responsibilities that you have in your job工作职责描述 = job brief = job profile replace verb transitive 1 to start doing something instead of another person, or start being used instead of another thing 替换 Im replacing Sue on the team. 我接替苏在这个团队工作。 Lectures have replaced the old tutorial system. 讲座代替了陈旧的辅导课形式。 2to remove someone from their job or something from its place, and put a new person or thing there 接替 Two of the tyres had to be replaced. 两个轮胎需要更换。 replace something with something They replaced the permanent staff with part-timers. 他们将长期雇用的员工用临时工代替。 3 if you replace something that has been broken, stolen etc, you get a new one换成新的 Ill replace the vase I broke as soon as possible. 我将把上次打碎的花瓶换掉。 replacement noun 1uncountable when you get something that is newer or better than the one you had before 替换物 Our old car is badly in need of replacement. 我们的这辆旧车仅需更换。 2 knee/hip/joint replacement 膝盖/臀部/关节置换 an artificial knee etc that replaces a damaged one, given to people in a medical operation 假关节 3countable someone or something that replaces another person or thing 接替人 replacement for It was difficult to find a replacement for Ted. 很难找到接替泰德工作的人。 static adjectivenot moving, changing, or developing opposite dynamic Economists predict that house prices will remain static for a long period. 经济学家预测房屋价格将在很长一段时间内不会变化。 dynamic adjective 1 full of energy and new ideas, and determined to succeed dynamic and ambitious people 2 continuously moving or changing a dynamic and unstable process dynamically adverb interpret verb 1 intransitive and transitive to translate one language into another They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me. 2 transitive to believe that something someone does or something that happens has a particular meaning 理解为 interpret something as something His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company. 人们把他拒绝工作到很晚理解为对公司缺乏奉献精神。 3 transitive to explain the meaning of something 解释 Freuds attempts to interpret the meaning of dreams 弗洛伊德试图揭示梦的意思 4 transitive to perform a part in a play, a piece of music etc in a way that shows your feelings about it or what you think it means 诠释一个（演出、音乐中的）角色 approach verb MOVE TOWARDS 接近 intransitive and transitive to move towards or nearer to someone or something She heard footsteps approaching. 她听见脚步声越来越近。 ASK 询问，接洽 transitive to ask someone for something, or ask them to do something, especially when you are asking them for the first time or when you are not sure if they will do it approach somebody for something Students should be able to approach teachers for advice. 学生可以找到老师询问建议。 approach somebody/something about (doing) something The charity approached several stores about giving food aid. 这家慈善机构与多家商店接洽，希望他们给与食物援助。 I have already been approached by several other companies (=offered a job, work etc). 已经有几家公司与我接洽。 DEAL WITH transitive to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude approach a problem/task/matter etc 解决，处理（问题） It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way. 处理相同问题可以采用不同的解决办法。 approachnoun METHOD countable a method of doing something or dealing with a problem 方法 approach to a new approach to teaching languages 一种新的语言教学方法 He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-telling. 他决定采用一种不同方法，即通过讲故事的方法来教授圣经。 feedback noun uncountable 1 advice, criticism etc about how successful or useful something is 反馈意见 How can I provide feedback without making someone angry? 我怎样做才能在不激怒别人的情况下提出自己的反馈意见呢？ feedback on Try to give each student some feedback on the task. 针对这项作业，尽量给每位学生提出反馈意见。 review noun 1 uncountable and countable a careful examination of a situation or process review of She sent us her review of the research. carry out/conduct/undertake a reviewThe company hired Bob to conduct an independent review of their workplace procedures.review body/committee/panel/boardthe Teachers Pay Review Body under review Were keeping this policy under review (=we are continuing to examine it). The policy comes up for review (=will be reviewed) in April. All fees are subject to review (=may be reviewed). Mr Crowther asked for judicial review of the decision (=an examination of the decision by a judge). 2 countable an article in a newspaper or magazine that gives an opinion about a new book, play, film etc a film review review of The paper published a review of her book. good/bad/mixed reviewThe bands new album has had very good reviews. The film opened to rave reviews (=reviews that praised it a lot) . see usage note critic 3 uncountable the work of writing reviews for a newspaper or magazine for review The book was sent to the press for review in September. The journal receives review copies (=free copies to review) of most new software products. 4 countable a report on a series of events or a period of time, that mentions the most important parts review of a review of the year 5 countable an official show of the army, navy etc so that a king, president, or officer of high rank can see them 军队的检阅 a naval review 检阅海军 abreast adverb 1 keep/stay abreast of something to make sure that you know all the most recent facts or information about a particular subject or situation 掌握最新信息 Its important to keep abreast of the latest developments in computers. 2 walk/ride etc abreast to walk, ride etc next to each other, all facing the same way 并肩走 two/three/four etc abreast (=with two, three, four etc people or vehicles next to each other)The planes were flying four abreast. 3 level with someone or something or in line with them 并排地 As the car drew abreast of him, Jack suddenly recognised the driver. realign verb transitive 1 to change the way in which something is organized 重新调整 synonym reorganize The company is planning to realign its sales operations. 这家公司计划重新调整其销售经营。 2 realign yourself with somebody to begin to support and work together with someone again 支持，共同工作 They have tried to realign themselves with the communists. 他们努力让自己能和共产党人一起工作。 3 to change the position of something slightly so that it is in the correct position in relation to something else 调整位置 Youll have to realign your text columns. 你要调整你文章分栏的位置。 How does the Workset system use colour to clarify work roles? Workset allows companies to clarify work roles by classifying different aspects of the job according to colour. Companies can use colour to specify the exact level of responsibility to be given to a number of key tasks. These specifications can be changed as the job changes. Employees can use the same system to give feedback on the job from their point of view, ensuring that job descriptions remain relevant. Core colours prescribe vt, vi 命令；规定 prescribe verb transitive 1 to say what medicine or treatment a sick person should have开药方；开处方-prescription 名词 prescribe somebody something If these dont work I may have to prescribe you something stronger. 如果这种药还不奏效的话，我就不得不给你开出药效更大的药了。 prescribe something for something the drugs prescribed for his stomach pains 治疗他胃疼的药物 2 formal to state officially what should be done in a particular situation 正式宣布做法 What punishment does the law prescribe for this crime? 对于这种罪行，法律条文中指出应给与怎样的惩罚？machine verb transitive 1 to fasten pieces of cloth together using a sewing machine 缝纫 2 to make or shape something using a machine用机器制造、加工 machinist noun countable someone who operates a machine, especially in a factory All the women are highly-skilled machinists. 所有妇女都是技术精湛的缝纫工。 specification noun countable 1 usually plural a detailed instruction about how a car, building, piece of equipment etc should be made详细说明书；清单 build/manufacture/produce somethin