英语主语和主语从句.doc

英语主语和主语从句精简讲解01英语主语句子成分概述S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 主语主语指句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，从句等充当。 (一) 词类作主语1名词作主语 Tom, uncle, friend, horse, whale, insect, tree, flower, house, idea, light, honesty,British等 The hunter killed the lion. (The city famous for its beauty) is not far away.2代词作主语 they, ours, both, everybody, that, some, who, which, few等 I am hungry. Which is the best?3数词作主语 three, first, two-thirds, percent, quarter等 (Two-thirds of the students )are boys in our school. 4the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing结构作主语。 (1) The young should respect the old . (2) The dying and the wounded needed help. (3) The wounded have been sent to hospital and the lost are being searched for. (二) 非谓语类作主语1不定式作主语 (通常用it作形式主语) (1) To remember to switch off the electricity is important. (2) It is a pity not to go to the concert with you. (3) It took us five hours to get here. 疑问词+ to 复合结构 What to do next hasnt been decided2V-ing（动名词）作主语 (通常用it作形式主语) Smoking is bad for your health. Buying clothes cost her a lot of money. (1) It is no good complaining. (2) It is no use arguing with him.注意： (1) It is important learning foreign languages. (误) (2) It is important to learn foreign languages. (正) V-ing作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式结构作主语通常表示具体动作。 (1) Its no use crying over spilt milk. (2) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (三) 从句类作主语1that从句作主语(通常用it作形式主语) (1) That he will succeed is certain. That he came late made us worried. (2) It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. 注意 that从句放于句首时，that不能省略。2wh-从句作主语 注意用陈述语序 主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外 What we need is time. What we need are good doctors. What caused the accident remains unknown. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. It is not clear who was responsible for the accident. It is not known when he did it. It is not important whether you are a male or a female in the job. 3注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that)(四) it用作形式主语接从句句型 1. It+be+形容词+that从句。 (obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, ) It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything. 2.It+be+名词词组+that从句。 (no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.) Its a pity that we cant go. Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 3.It+be+P.P+that从句。 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.) It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. It is v-ed that (should)用虚拟语气 (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.4. It+seems+that从句。(seem后接that从句或as if从句)。 (look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow, etc.) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It happened that I was out that day. 5.几种特殊的形式主语或固定句型 It+doesnt matter+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. if it were not for(若不是因为)， if it were not for the fact that you are ill, I would ask you to do this right now. its time that(该了)等。 Its time that we set about doing our homework. =Its time that we did our homework.(五) 误用形式主语的几种情形I. 在该用it作形式主语的地方而误用其他词。 Is _ necessary to tell his father everything? A A. it B. that C. what D. he II. 在不该用形式主语的地方而误用形式主语。 _ must be something wrong with the machine. A A. There B. It C. He D. That III.比较以下两组句子。 _ is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun. C _ is known to us all that the earth turns around the sun. A A. It B. Which C. As D. That _ is difficult to persuade her to stay. A _ is difficult is to persuade her to stay. B A. It B. What C. He D. That 02英语主语从句主语从句指一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语。一. That陈述结构在主语从句中that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。谓语用三人称单数。That light travels in straight lines is known to all.That we need more equipment is quite obvious. 二. Wh疑问结构在主语从句中主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，谓语用三人称单数。What，who, which, when, where, why, how, whether等连接词，有疑问含义，充当各种成分。What he said/did was right. When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. Where she has gone is not known yet. Why he did it will remain a puzzle for ever.How he was successful is still a puzzle.Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.不能用if.Whether he will join us wont make too much difference.三. What专项讲解What he is thinking is unknown.What he said was reasonable. What we need is a book/are good doctors.What he was doing/has done was right.What we called computer was invented 50 years ago.What was called computer was invented 50 years ago.We finally reached what was called wasteland.宾语从句We finally reached what was wasteland.宾语从句What seemed like 3 years was indeed 3 days.It is different from what it used to be.宾语从句The village was different from what it is now.What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.四. -ever关系结构在主语从句中whatever, whoever, whichever, wherever,whenever 不含疑问意义，作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who; whichever=anything which; Whenever=the time when; wherever=the place where。What he said was right. Whatever he said was right.You must do whatever is best for you. 宾语从句Whoever wants it may have it. Whichever he likes will be given him.Wherever you are will not affect my love for you.Whenever you are ready will be fine。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的状语从句的区别。Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）(Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.)Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （状语从句）(No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.)Whatever happened, he would not mind.Whichever side wins, I shall be satisfied. We must camp wherever we can get water.Whenever we see him we speak to him. 五. It形式主语构成的主语从句1. that引导的主语从句，用it作形式主语。当主语从句不太长时，“that”可以省略It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. Its clear (that) he has done his best. Its a wonder (that) he didnt fail. 2. wh疑问词引导的主语从句，用it作形式主语。Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. It is not clear who was responsible for the accident. It is not known when he did it. It is not important whether you are a male or a female in the job. 3. 常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构(1).It+be+形容词+that从句。 (obvious, true, likely, certain, probable, ) It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything. I think it is likely that I will arrive tomorrow. It is obvious that you are wrong. It is true that there are only a few things that can make me happy right now. 以下这些词后的从句用虚拟语气，为“（should）动词原形”： clear , true, wonderful , possible, necessary, important, impossible, strange, natural, essential, surprising, unthinkable, unbelievable, incredible, good ,wrong ,proper It is necessary that you (should)master the computer. It is important that a student learn English well. Its clear that they badly need help. (2).It+be+名词词组+that从句。 (a shame ,no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, 等) Its a pity that we cant go. Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. (3).It+be+P.P+that从句。 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.) It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. It is v-ed that (should)用虚拟语气 (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.(4). It+seems+that从句。(seem后接that从句或as if从句)。 (look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow, etc.) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. I